{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:42:12Z","timestamp":1789965732741,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cult Med Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-015-9472-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T12:18:47Z","timestamp":1443701927000},"page":"74-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Traumatic Experience and Somatoform Dissociation Among Spirit Possession Practitioners in the Dominican Republic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Schaffler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etzel","family":"Carde\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Reijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Haluza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR1","first-page":"6","volume":"4","author":"Nelida Agosto Mu\u00f1oz","year":"1972","unstructured":"Agosto Mu\u00f1oz, Nelida, 1972 Haitian Voodoo: Social Control of the Unconscious. Caribbean Review, 4(3), 6\u201310.","journal-title":"Caribbean Review"},{"key":"9472_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association 2013 Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.","edition":"5"},{"key":"9472_CR3","volume-title":"Fazer estilo, criando g\u00eaneros. Possess\u00e3o e diferen\u00e7as de g\u00eanero em terreiros de Umbanda e Candombl\u00e9 no Rio de Janeiro. (Ed. UERJ)","author":"Patr\u00edcia Birman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Birman, Patr\u00edcia 1995 Fazer estilo, criando g\u00eaneros. Possess\u00e3o e diferen\u00e7as de g\u00eanero em terreiros de Umbanda e Candombl\u00e9 no Rio de Janeiro. (Ed. UERJ). Rio de Janeiro: Relume-Dumara."},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1525\/ae.1988.15.1.02a00020","volume":"15","author":"Janice Boddy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Boddy, Janice 1988 Spirits and Selves in Northern Sudan: The Cultural Therapeutics of Possession and Trance. American Ethnologist 15(1):4\u201327.","journal-title":"American Ethnologist"},{"key":"9472_CR5","volume-title":"Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan","author":"Janice Boddy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boddy, Janice 1989 Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press."},{"key":"9472_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.23.100194.002203","volume":"23","author":"Janice Boddy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Boddy, Janice 1994 Spirit Possession Revisited: Beyond Instrumentality. Annual Review of Anthropology, 23, 407\u2013434.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"key":"9472_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452243306.n4","volume-title":"Rethinking Violence Against Women","author":"Janice Boddy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boddy, Janice 1998 Violence Embodied? Circumcision, Gender Politics, and Cultural Aesthetics. In Dobash, Emerson, Dobash Rusell (Eds.), Rethinking Violence Against Women (pp. 77-110). Thousand Oaks: Sage."},{"key":"9472_CR8","volume-title":"Enfermedad mental, psicoterapia y cultura","author":"Humberto Bogaert Garc\u00eda","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bogaert Garc\u00eda, Humberto 1992 Enfermedad mental, psicoterapia y cultura. Santo Domingo: Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Santo Domingo."},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR9","first-page":"47","volume":"34","author":"Humberto Bogaert Garc\u00eda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bogaert Garc\u00eda, Humberto 2000 Psicoan\u00e1lisis de la mujer y ritos de posesi\u00f3n. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 34(1), 47\u201360.","journal-title":"Interamerican Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"9472_CR101","unstructured":"Bourguignon, Erika 1965 The Self, the Behavioral Environment and the Theory of Spirit Possession. In Spiro, Melford: Context and Meaning in Cultural Anthropology, pp. 39\u201360. New York: The Free Press."},{"key":"9472_CR11","volume-title":"Religion, Altered States of Consciousness and Social Change","author":"Erika Bourguignon","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bourguignon, Erika 1973 Religion, Altered States of Consciousness and Social Change. Columbus: Ohio State University Press."},{"key":"9472_CR12","volume-title":"Possession","author":"Erika Bourguignon","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bourguignon, Erika 1976 Possession. San Francisco: Chandler and Sharp."},{"key":"9472_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822390282","volume-title":"Black Behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops","author":"Ginetta Candelario","year":"2007","unstructured":"Candelario, Ginetta 2007 Black Behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops. Durham: Duke University Press."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9472_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Etzel Carde\u00f1a","year":"1989","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel 1989 The Varieties of Possession Experience. Association for the Anthropological Study of Consciousness Quarterly, 5(2-3), 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Association for the Anthropological Study of Consciousness Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"9472_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/136346159202900402","volume":"29","author":"Etzel Carde\u00f1a","year":"1992","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel 1992 Trance and Possession as Dissociative Disorders. Transcultural Psychiatry, 29(4), 287\u2013300.","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"key":"9472_CR16","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Dissociation: Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives","author":"Etzel Carde\u00f1a","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel 1994 The Domain of Dissociation. In Steven Lynn and Judith Rhue (Eds.) Dissociation: Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 15-31). New York: Guilford."},{"key":"9472_CR17","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel 1997 The Etiologies of Dissociation. In Broken Images and Broken Selves. Susan Powers and Stanley Krippner, eds., pp. 61-87. New York: Brunner."},{"key":"9472_CR18","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Altering Consciousness Multidisciplinary Perspectives. History, Culture, and the Humanities","author":"Etzel Carde\u00f1a","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel, and Carlos Alvarado 2011 Altered Consciousness from the Age of Enlightenment through mid 20th century. In Altering Consciousness Multidisciplinary Perspectives. History, Culture, and the Humanities, vol. 1. Etzel Carde\u00f1a, and Michael Winkelman, eds., pp. 89\u2013112. Santa Barbara: Praeger."},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104502","volume":"7","author":"Etzel Carde\u00f1a","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel, and Eve Carlson 2011 Acute Stress Disorder Revisited. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 245-267.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"9472_CR20","volume-title":"Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel, Steven Lynn, Stanley Krippner (Eds.) 2014 Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence. (2nd ed.) Washington: American Psychological Association.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9472_CR21","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders: DSM-V and Beyond","author":"Etzel Carde\u00f1a","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carde\u00f1a, Etzel, Marjolein Van Duijl, Lupita Weiner, and Devin Terhune 2009 Possession\/Trance Phenomena. In Paul Dell and John O\u2019Neil, eds.\u00a0Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders: DSM-V and Beyond (pp. 171-181). New York: Routledge."},{"key":"9472_CR22","unstructured":"CIA 2014 The World Factbook. Retrieved May 13, 2014, from https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/dr.html ."},{"key":"9472_CR23","unstructured":"CLADEM 2008 Monitoreo sobre feminicidio\/femicidio en Rep\u00fablica Dominicana. Retrieved July 24, 2014, from http:\/\/www.cladem.org\/images\/archivos\/investigaciones\/nacionales\/rep-dominicana\/Feminicidio-Rep-dom-2008.pdf ."},{"key":"9472_CR24","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Case Studies in Spirit Possession","author":"Vincent Crapanzano","year":"1977","unstructured":"Crapanzano, Vincent 1977 Introduction. In Vincent Crapanzano and Vivian Garrison, eds. Case Studies in Spirit Possession. (pp. 1\u201340). New York: Wiley."},{"key":"9472_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027447","volume":"138","author":"Constance Dalenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dalenberg, Constance, Bethany Brand, David Gleaves, Martin Dorahy, Richard Loewenstein, Etzel Carde\u00f1a, Eve Carlson, Paul Frewen, and David Spiegel 2012 Evaluation of the Evidence for the Trauma and Fantasy Models of Dissociation. Psychological Bulletin 138:550\u2013588.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"9472_CR26","volume-title":"La otra ciencia: El Vod\u00fa Dominicano como religion y medicina popular","author":"Martha Ellen Davis","year":"1987","unstructured":"Davis, Martha Ellen 1987 La otra ciencia: El Vod\u00fa Dominicano como religion y medicina popular. Santo Domingo: Editora Universitaria UASD."},{"key":"9472_CR27","unstructured":"Deive, Carlos 1996 [1975] Vod\u00fa y magia en Santo Domingo (Museo del Hombre Dominicano). Santo Domingo: Taller."},{"key":"9472_CR28","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Yearbook of Cross-Cultural Medicine and Psychotherapy. Trance, Possession, Healing Rituals and Psychotherapy","author":"Leslie Desmangles","year":"1994","unstructured":"Desmangles, Leslie, and Etzel Carde\u00f1a 1994 Trance Possession and Vodou Ritual in Haiti. In Yearbook of Cross-Cultural Medicine and Psychotherapy. Trance, Possession, Healing Rituals and Psychotherapy. Renault van Quekelberghe, Dagmar Eigner, Walter Andritzky, eds., pp. 297\u2013309. Berlin: VWB Verlag."},{"key":"9472_CR29","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Talking with the Spirits. Ethnographies from Between the Worlds","author":"Diana Espirito Santo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Espirito Santo, Diana 2014 Developing the Dead in Cuba: An Ethnographic Account of the Emergence of Spirits and Selves in Havana. In Talking with the Spirits. Ethnographies from Between the Worlds. Jack Hunter, and David Luke eds., pp. 177-205. Brisbane: Daily Grail."},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138108094977","volume":"10","author":"Francisco Ferr\u00e1ndiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e1ndiz, Francisco 2009 Open Veins Spirits of Violence and Grief in Venezuela. Ethnography 10(1):39\u201361.","journal-title":"Ethnography"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9472_CR31","first-page":"5","volume":"5","author":"Alejandro Frigerio","year":"1989","unstructured":"Frigerio, Alejandro 1989 Levels of Possession Awareness in Afro-Brazilian Religions. AASC Quarterly, 5(2-3), 5\u201311.","journal-title":"AASC Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.3.360","volume":"49","author":"Albert Gaw","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gaw, Albert, Qin-Zhang Ding, Ruth Levine, and Hsiao-Feng Gaw 1998 The Clinical Characteristics of Possession Disorder Among 20 Chinese Patients in the Hebei Province of China. Psychiatric Services, 49(3), 360\u2013365.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"9472_CR33","volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Barney Glaser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glaser, Barney, and Anselm Strauss 2005 The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine."},{"issue":"9","key":"9472_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199109000-00009","volume":"179","author":"Donald Goff","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goff, Donald, Andrew Brotman, Daniel Kindlon, Meredith Waites, and Edward Amico 1991 The Delusion of Possession in Chronically Psychotic Patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 179(9):567\u2013571.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"9472_CR35","volume-title":"Personality and Hypnosis. A Study of Imaginative Involvement","author":"Josephine Hilgard","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hilgard, Josephine 1970 Personality and Hypnosis. A Study of Imaginative Involvement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9472_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9175-x","volume":"34","author":"Devon Hinton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hinton, Devon, and Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez 2010 Idioms of Distress among Trauma Survivors: Subtypes and Clinical Utility. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 34(2), 209\u201318.","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.024","volume":"71","author":"Victor Igreja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Igreja, Victor, Beatrice Dias-Lambranca, Douglas Hershey, Limore Racin, Annemiek Richters, and Ria Reis 2010 The Epidemiology of Spirit Possession in the Aftermath of Mass Political Violence in Mozambique. Social Science & Medicine, 71(3), 592\u20139.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"9472_CR38","unstructured":"Janet, Pierre 1976 [1919] Psychological Healing, vol. 1. New York: Arno Press."},{"key":"9472_CR39","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Altered States of Consciousness and Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Perspective","author":"Michael Lambek","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lambek, Michael 1989 From Disease to Discourse: Remarks on the Conceptualization of Trance and Spirit Possession. In Ward, Colleen (Ed.), Altered States of Consciousness and Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (pp. 36\u201361). London: Sage."},{"key":"9472_CR40","unstructured":"Laria, Amaro 1998 Dissociative Experiences among Cuban Mental Health Patients and Spiritist Mediums. Dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Boston: Harvard Medical School."},{"key":"9472_CR41","unstructured":"Lescot, Anne, and Laurence Magloire 2002 Des hommes et des deux. Documentary, Haiti\/France, 52\u00a0min. ( http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0391059\/ )."},{"key":"9472_CR42","unstructured":"Lewis, Ioan 1989 [1971] Ecstatic Religion. A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession. (2nd ed.) London: Routledge."},{"key":"9472_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-70990-1_12","volume-title":"Cross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD","author":"Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, Roberto, Alfonso Mart\u00ednez-Taboas, Vedat Sar, Sapana Patel, and Adeline Boatin 2007 Cross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD. In Wilson, John, and So-Kum Tang (Eds.), Cross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp. 279\u2013317). Boston: Springer US."},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00137.x","volume":"17","author":"Irene L\u00f3pez","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, Irene, Rafael Ramirez, Peter Guarnaccia, Gloriosa Canino, and Hector Bird 2011 Ataque de Nervios and Somatic Complaints among Island and Mainland Puerto Rican Children. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 17(3), 158\u201366.","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"9472_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"78","author":"Everton de Oliveira Maraldi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maraldi, Everton de Oliveira 2014 Medium or Author? A Preliminary Model Relating Dissociation, Paranormal Belief Systems and Self-Esteem. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 78, 1-24.","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Psychical Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"9472_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/039219215500301102","volume":"3","author":"Alfred M\u00e9traux","year":"1955","unstructured":"M\u00e9traux, Alfred 1955 Dramatic Elements in Ritual Possession, Diogenes 3(11). 18\u201336.","journal-title":"Diogenes"},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000096365","volume":"76","author":"Alejandro Moreira-Almeida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moreira-Almeida, Alejandro, Francisco Lotufo Neto, and Bruce Greyson, 2007 Dissociative and Psychotic Experiences in Brazilian Spiritist Mediums. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 76(1):57\u201358.","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"key":"9472_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31816ff3a1","volume":"196","author":"Alejandro Moreira-Almeida","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moreira-Almeida, Alejandro, Francisco Lotufo Neto, and Etzel Carde\u00f1a 2008 Comparison between Brazilian Spiritist Mediumship and Dissociative Identity Disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 420\u2013424.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v03n01_05","volume":"3","author":"Paulo Negro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Negro, Paulo, Paula Palladino-Negro, and Mario Louz\u00e3 2002 Do Religious Mediumship Dissociative Experiences Conform to the Sociocognitive Theory of Dissociation? Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 3(1), 51\u201373.","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.03.028","volume":"75","author":"Frank Neuner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neuner, Frank, Anett Pfeiffer, Elisabeth Schauer-Kaiser, Michael Odenwald, Thomas Elbert, and Verena Ertl 2012 Haunted by Ghosts: Prevalence, Predictors and Outcomes of Spirit Possession Experiences Among Former Child Soldiers and War-Affected Civilians in Northern Uganda. Social Science & Medicine, 75(3), 548\u2013554.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"9472_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/136346150003700405","volume":"37","author":"Beng-Yeong Ng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ng, Beng-Yeong 2000 Phenomenology of Trance States Seen at a Psychiatric Hospital in Singapore: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Transcultural Psychiatry, 37(4), 560\u2013579.","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"key":"9472_CR53","volume-title":"Somatoform Dissociation: Phenomena, Measurement, and Theoretical Issues","author":"Ellert Nijenhuis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, Ellert 2004 Somatoform Dissociation: Phenomena, Measurement, and Theoretical Issues. New York: Norton & Company."},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03379561","volume":"52","author":"Ellert Nijenhuis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, Ellert 2010 The Scoring and Interpretation of the SDQ-20 and SDQ-5. Activitas Nervosa Superior 52(1):24\u201328.","journal-title":"Activitas Nervosa Superior"},{"issue":"11","key":"9472_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199611000-00006","volume":"184","author":"Ellert Nijenhuis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, Ellert, Philip Spinhoven, Richard Van Dyck, Onno van der Hart, and Johan Vanderlinden 1996 The Development and Psychometric Characteristics of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(11), 688\u201394.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"9472_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09922.x","volume":"96","author":"Ellert Nijenhuis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, Ellert, Philip Spinhoven, Richard Van Dyck, Onno van der Hart, and Johan Vanderlinden 1997 The Development of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-5) as a Screening Instrument for Dissociative Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96(5), 311\u2013318.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"9472_CR57","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, Ellert, Onno van der Hart, and Johan Vanderlinden 2002 Cuestionario Sobre Disociaciones Somatoformes SDQ 20. Retrieved June 05, 2014, from http:\/\/www.enijenhuis.nl\/sdq2.html ."},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.332","volume":"9","author":"Ellert Nijenhuis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, Ellert, Onno van der Hart, and Karlien Kruger 2002 The Psychometric Characteristics of the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (TEC): First Findings among Psychiatric Outpatients. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9(3), 200\u20132010.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"key":"9472_CR59","unstructured":"Oesterreich, Traugott 1974 [1921] Possession and Exorcism among Primitive Races, in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and Modern Times. New York: Causeway."},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004470","volume":"29","author":"Van Ommeren","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Ommeren, Mark, B. Sharma, Ivan Komproe, B. N. Poudyal, G. K. Sharma, Etzel Carde\u00f1a, and J. T. V. M. de Jong 2001 Trauma and Loss as Determinants of Medically Unexplained Epidemic Illness in a Bhutanese Refugee Camp. Psychological Medicine, 29(3), 1259\u201367.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"9472_CR60","unstructured":"ONE 2009 Violencia conyugal en Rep\u00fablica Dominicana. Panorama Estad\u00edstico. (Bolet\u00edn Mensual de la Oficina Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, vol. 2). Santo Domingo."},{"key":"9472_CR61","unstructured":"ONE, UNICEF, and OIT 2011 Din\u00e1mica del trabajo infantil en la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana. Encuesta Nacional de Hogares de Prop\u00f3sitos M\u00faltiples ENHOGAR 2009\u20132010. Santo Domingo."},{"key":"9472_CR62","unstructured":"OSAC 2013 Dominican Republic 2013. Crime and Safety Report. Retrieved July 11, 2013, from https:\/\/www.osac.gov\/pages\/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=14200 ."},{"key":"9472_CR63","volume-title":"The Darkened Room: Women, Power, and Spiritualism in Late Victorian England","author":"Aex Owen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Owen, Aex 1990 The Darkened Room: Women, Power, and Spiritualism in Late Victorian England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press."},{"key":"9472_CR64","unstructured":"Pichler, Adelheid 2010 Havanna -Texturen und Bilder. Soziokulturelle Eigenlogiken der kubanischen Hauptstadt. Dissertation, Vienna: Universit\u00e4t Wien."},{"key":"9472_CR65","unstructured":"Piper, Daniel Clifford 2012 Urbanization, Gender, and Cultural Emergence in the Music of Dominican Popular Religion: Palos and Salves in San Crist\u00f3bal, Dissertation, Providence: Brown University."},{"key":"9472_CR100","unstructured":"Rouget, Gilbert 1985 Music and Trance. A Theory of the Relations between Music and Possession, Chicago: Chicago University Press"},{"issue":"4","key":"9472_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-014-9393-8","volume":"38","author":"Ram P Sapkota","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sapkota, Ram P., Dristy Gurung, Deepa Neupane, Santosh K. Shah, Hanna Kienzler, Laurence J. Kirmayer 2014 A Village Possessed by \u201cWitches\u201d: A Mixed-Methods Case-Control Study of Possession and Common Mental Disorders in Rural Nepal. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 38(4), 642\u2013668.","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"9472_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v01n04_04","volume":"1","author":"Vedat Sar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sar, Vedat, Turgut Kundakci, Emre Kiziltan, Bahadir Bakim, and Oya Bozkurt 2001 Differentiating Dissociative Disorders from other Diagnostic Groups through Somatoform Dissociation in Turkey. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 1(4), 67\u201380.","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"key":"9472_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sar, Vedat, Firdevs Alio\u011flu, Gamze Aky\u00fcz 2014 Experiences of Possession and Paranormal Phenomena among Women in the General Population: Are they Related to Traumatic Stress and Dissociation? Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15(3), 303\u2013318.","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2013.849321"},{"key":"9472_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaffler, Yvonne 2009a Diagnose \u201cWolfspferd\u201d. Spontanbesessenheiten in der Dominikanischen Republik als Ansto\u00df f\u00fcr den Werdegang zum Heiler\/zur Heilerin. Anthropos 104(2): 445\u2013456.","DOI":"10.5771\/0257-9774-2009-2-445"},{"key":"9472_CR70","unstructured":"Schaffler, Yvonne 2009b Vod\u00fa? Das ist Sache der anderen! Kreolische Medizin, Spiritualit\u00e4t und Identit\u00e4t im S\u00fcdwesten der Dominikanischen Republik (Wiener Ethnomedizinische Reihe). Wien - Z\u00fcrich: LIT-Verlag."},{"issue":"1+2","key":"9472_CR71","first-page":"72","volume":"35","author":"Yvonne Schaffler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schaffler, Yvonne 2012 Besessenheit in der Dominikanischen Republik im Fr\u00fchstadium: \u201cWilde\u201d Besessenheit (caballo lobo) aus psychodynamischer und praxistheoretischer Perspektive. Curare 35(1+2):72\u201384.","journal-title":"Curare"},{"key":"9472_CR72","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Etnograf\u00edas de Am\u00e9rica Latina. Ocho Ensayos","author":"Yvonne Schaffler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schaffler, Yvonne 2013 El caballo que se volvi\u00f3 lobo An\u00e1lisis del fen\u00f3meno de \u201cposesi\u00f3n espont\u00e1nea.\u201d In Etnograf\u00edas de Am\u00e9rica Latina Ocho Ensayos. Eveline Sigl, Yvonne Schaffler, Ricardo \u00c1vila, eds., pp. 133\u2013164. Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara."},{"key":"9472_CR73","volume-title":"\u201cDominicanidad\u201d Schriftenreihe America Romana","author":"Yvonne Schaffler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaffler, Yvonne 2015 \u201cWild\u201d Spirit Possession in the Dominican Republic: From Expression of Distress to Cultural Expertise. In \u201cDominicanidad\u201d Schriftenreihe America Romana. Felbeck, Christine, Klump Andre eds. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang."},{"key":"9472_CR74","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Spirit Possession and Trance: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives","author":"Bettina Schmidt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmidt, Bettina 2010 Possessed Women in the African Diaspora: Gender Difference in Spirit Possession Rituals. In Spirit Possession and Trance: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Bettina Schmidt, Lucy Huskinson, eds., pp. 97\u2013116. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group."},{"key":"9472_CR75","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach","author":"Richard Shweder","year":"1972","unstructured":"Shweder, Richard 1972 Aspects of Cognition in Zinacanteco Shamans: Experimental Results. In William A. Lessa and Evan Z. Vogt, eds. Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach (3rd ed., pp. 407\u2013412). New York: Harper & Row.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1525\/eth.2005.33.1.071","volume":"33","author":"Rebecca Seligman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seligman, Rebecca 2005a Distress, Dissociation, and Embodied Experience: Reconsidering the Pathways to Mediumship and Mental Health. Ethos 33(1): 71\u201399.","journal-title":"Ethos"},{"issue":"2","key":"9472_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461505052668","volume":"42","author":"Rebecca Seligman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seligman, Rebecca 2005b From Affliction to Affirmation: Narrative Transformation and the Therapeutics of Candomble Mediumship. Transcultural Psychiatry 42(2): 272\u2013294.","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-007-9077-8","volume":"32","author":"Rebecca Seligman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seligman, Rebecca, and Laurence Kirmayer 2008 Dissociative Experience and Cultural Neuroscience: Narrative, Metaphor and Mechanism. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 32(1), 31\u201364.","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry"},{"key":"9472_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000125558","volume":"41","author":"Daya Somasundaram","year":"2008","unstructured":"Somasundaram, Daya, T. Thivakaran, and Dinesh Bugra 2008 Possession States in Northern Sri Lanka. Psychopathology, 41, 245-253.","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9472_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.366","volume":"100","author":"David Spiegel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Spiegel, David, and Etzel Carde\u00f1a 1991 Disintegrated Experience: The Dissociative Disorders Revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 366\u2013378.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9472_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20923","volume":"29","author":"David Spiegel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spiegel, David, Richard Loewenstein, Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, Vedat Sar, Daphne Simeon, Eric Vermetten, Etzel Carde\u00f1a, and Paul Dell 2011 Dissociative Disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 29(8), E17-E45.","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"9472_CR84","unstructured":"U.S. Department of State 2005 International Religious Freedom Report. Retrieved May 13, 2014, from http:\/\/www.state.gov\/j\/drl\/rls\/irf\/2005\/51636.htm ."},{"issue":"1","key":"9472_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0964028204001077","volume":"13","author":"Mattijs Port Van der","year":"2005","unstructured":"Port, Mattijs 2005 Candombl\u00e9 in Pink, Green and Black Re-scripting the Afro-Brazilian Religious Heritage in the Public Sphere of Salvador Bahia. Social Anthropology 13(1): 3-26.","journal-title":"Social Anthropology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9472_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9171-1","volume":"34","author":"Marjolein Duijl Van","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marjolein Van Duijl, Ellert Nijenhuis, Ivan Komproe, Hajo Gernaat, and Joop de Jong 2010 Dissociative Symptoms and Reported Trauma among Patients with Spirit Possession and Matched Healthy Controls in Uganda. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 34(2), 380\u2013400.","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"9472_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461505052666","volume":"42","author":"Marjolein Duijl Van","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marjolein Van Duijl, Ezel Carde\u00f1a, and Joop de Jong 2005 The Validity of DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders Categories in South-West Uganda. Transcultural Psychiatry, 42(2), 219\u2013241.","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"9472_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0635-1","volume":"48","author":"Marjolein Duijl Van","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marjolein Van Duijl, Wim Kleijn, and Joop de Jong 2013 Are Symptoms of Spirit Possessed Patients Covered by the DSM-IV or DSM-5 Criteria for Possession Trance Disorder? A Mixed-Method Explorative Study in Uganda. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(9), 1417\u20131430.","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9472_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00530.x","volume":"20","author":"Colleen Ward","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ward, Colleen, and Michael Beaubrun 1981 Spirit Possession and Neuroticism in a West Indian Pentecostal Community. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(4), 295\u2013296.","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"9472_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wimmer, August 1993 [1924] Om Besaettelser (On Possession States). History of Psychiatry 4(15): 420\u2013440.","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X9300401507"}],"container-title":["Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11013-015-9472-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11013-015-9472-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11013-015-9472-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T02:33:51Z","timestamp":1599618831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11013-015-9472-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11013-015-9472-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-005X","1573-076X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-076X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]}}}