{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:42:45Z","timestamp":1784907765562,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cult Med Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-018-9578-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T02:03:32Z","timestamp":1522807412000},"page":"647-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association Between Suicide and Environmental Variables in the North of Spain: A 14-Year Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Maite","family":"Santurt\u00fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Sanchez-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"del Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda T.","family":"Zarrabeitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Santurt\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"9578_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043489","volume":"86","author":"V. Ajdacic-Gross","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ajdacic-Gross V, Weiss MG, Ring M, Hepp U, Bopp M, Gutzwiller F, R\u00f6ssler W. Methods of Suicide: International Suicide Patterns Derived from the WHO Mortality Database. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008; 86(9):657-736.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"9578_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-0112-0","volume":"55","author":"H.L. Berry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berry HL, Bowen K, Kjellstrom T. Climate Change and Mental Health: A Causal Pathways Framework. Int J Public Health. 2010;55:123\u2013132. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-009-0112-0\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"The International Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"9578_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-690X.2003.00209.x","volume":"108","author":"E.A. Deisenhammer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Deisenhammer EA. Weather and Suicide: The Present State of Knowledge on the Association of Meteorological Factors with Suicidal Behaviour. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;108(6):402-9.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"9578_CR4","volume-title":"Suicide","author":"E. Durkheim","year":"1897","unstructured":"Durkheim E. Suicide. New York, NY, USA: Free Press; 1897."},{"key":"9578_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13100999","author":"N. Fleury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fleury N, Geldenhuys S, Gorman S. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms Through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13100999","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"9578_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-016-0106-2","volume":"15","author":"K.N. Fountoulakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fountoulakis KN, Chatzikosta I, Pastiadis K, Zanis P, Kawohl W, Kerkhof JF, Navickas A, H\u00f6schl C, Lecic-Tosevski D, Sorel E, Rancans E, Palova E, Juckel G, Isacsson G, Jagodic HK, Botezat-Antonescu I, Rybakowski J, Azorin JM, Cookson J, Waddington J, Pregelj P, Demyttenaere K, Hranov LG, Stevovic LI, Pezawas L, Adida M, Figuera ML, Jakovljevi\u0107 M, Vichi M, Perugi G, Andreassen OA, Vukovic O, Mavrogiorgou P, Varnik P, Dome P, Winkler P, Salokangas RK, From T, Danileviciute V, Gonda X, Rihmer Z, Forsman J, Grady A, Hyphantis T, Dieset I, Soendergaard S, Pompili M, Bech P. Relationship of Suicide Rates with Climate and Economic Variables in Europe During 2000\u20132012. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2016; 15: 19. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12991-016-0106-2","journal-title":"Annals of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"9578_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-013-0329-7","volume":"18","author":"S. Helama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helama S, Holopainen J, Partonen T. Temperature-Associated Suicide Mortality: Contrasting Roles of Climatic Warming and the Suicide Prevention Program In Finland. Environ Health Prev Med. 2013;18(5):349-55. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12199-013-0329-7","journal-title":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"9578_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-014-0391-9","volume":"19","author":"L. Hiltunen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hiltunen L, Haukka J, Ruuhela R, Suominen K, Partonen T. Local Daily Temperatures, Thermal Seasons, and Suicide Rates in Finland from 1974 to 2010. Environ Health Prev Med. 2014 Jul;19(4):286-94. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12199-014-0391-9\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"9578_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0518-2","volume":"56","author":"L. Hiltunen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hiltunen L, Ruuhela R, Ostamo A, L\u00f6nnqvist J, Suominen K, Partonen T. Atmospheric Pressure and Suicide Attempts in Helsinki, Finland. Int J Biometeorol. 2012; 56(6):1045-53. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0518-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"International Journal of Biometeorology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9578_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.7727\/wimj.2010.141","volume":"61","author":"K. Inoue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Inoue K, Nishimura Y, Fujita Y, Ono Y, Fukunaga T. The Relationship Between Suicide and Five Climate Issues in a Large-Scale and Long-Term Study in Japan. West Indian Med J. 2012;61(5):532-7.","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"9578_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12676","volume":"135","author":"H.J. Jee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jee HJ, Cho CH, Lee YJ, Choi N, An H, Lee HJ. Solar Radiation Increases Suicide Rate After Adjusting for Other Climate Factors in South Korea. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017;135(3):219-227. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12676\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"3","key":"9578_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000450","volume":"204","author":"L. Machado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machado L, Tavares H, Petrib\u00fa K, Pinto T, Cantilino A. Happiness and Defense Styles in Psychiatrists. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016;204(3):181-7. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nmd.0000000000000450\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"9578_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/485851","author":"P. Mendez-Bustos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mendez-Bustos P, Lopez-Castroman J, Baca-Garc\u00eda E, Ceverino A. Life Cycle and Suicidal Behavior Among Women. Scientific World Journal. 2013. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/485851","journal-title":"Scientific World Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"9578_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.3.384","volume":"60","author":"V. Mittal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mittal V, Brown WA, Shorter E. Are Patients with Depression at Heightened Risk of Suicide as They Begin to Recover? Psychiatr Serv. 2009; 60(3):384-6. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.60.3.384","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.)"},{"key":"9578_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.031948","volume":"191","author":"L.A. Page","year":"2007","unstructured":"Page LA, Hajat S, Kovats RS. Relationship Between Daily Suicide Counts and Temperature in England and Wales. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;191:106-12. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.031948","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"9578_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0496-8","volume":"15","author":"X. Qi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qi X, Hu W, Page A, Tong S. Associations Between Climate Variability, Unemployment and Suicide in Australia: A Multicity study. BMC Psychiatry. 2015; 15: 114. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-015-0496-8","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"9578_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpsm.2017.05.001","author":"M. Santurt\u00fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santurt\u00fan M, Santurt\u00fan A, Zarrabeitia MT.\u00bfAfecta el medio a los suicidios que se cometen en Espa\u00f1a? An\u00e1lisis descriptivo del patr\u00f3n temporoespacial. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2017. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpsm.2017.05.001\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Revista de Psiquiatr\u00eda y Salud Mental"},{"key":"9578_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.10.011","volume":"97","author":"H.J. Rhee van der","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Rhee HJ, de Vries E, Coebergh JW. Regular Sun Exposure Benefits Health. Med Hypotheses. 2016;97:34-37. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.10.011\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"9578_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.004","volume":"113","author":"A. V\u00e4rnik","year":"2009","unstructured":"V\u00e4rnik A, K\u00f5lves K, Allik J, Arensman E, Aromaa E, van Audenhove C, Bouleau JH, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Giupponi G, Gusm\u00e3o R, Kopp M, Marusic A, Maxwell M, Oskarsson H, Palmer A, Pull C, Realo A, Reisch T, Schmidtke A, P\u00e9rez Sola V, Wittenburg L, Hegerl U. Gender Issues in Suicide Rates, Trends and Methods Among Youths Aged 15\u201324 in 15 European Countries. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2009;113(3):216\u2013226.","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"9578_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1198","volume":"71","author":"B. Vyssoki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vyssoki B, Kapusta ND, Praschak-Rieder N, Dorffner G, Willeit M. Direct Effect of Sunshine on Suicide. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(11):1231\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1198\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"9578_CR21","unstructured":"WHO 2014 Preventing Suicide, A Global Imperative. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. \n                    http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/131056\/1\/9789241564779_eng.pdf\n                    \n                  , accessed March 21, 2018."},{"key":"9578_CR22","unstructured":"WHO 2017 Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Suicide Rates, Age-Standardized. \n                    http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gho\/data\/view.main.MHSUICIDEASDRREGv?lang=en\n                    \n                  , accessed March 21, 2018."}],"container-title":["Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11013-018-9578-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11013-018-9578-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11013-018-9578-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T03:06:19Z","timestamp":1554347179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11013-018-9578-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11013-018-9578-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-005X","1573-076X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-076X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}