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Precisely how oppressive social forces give rise to individual symptoms, however, remains challenging to theorize. This article contributes to debates over the interpretation of symptoms through a close reading of the case of Leon, an African American man struggling with an addiction to crack cocaine. Leon presented a complex illness narrative in which his addiction was clearly a product of structural racism, but also the result of dynamics within his family. Drawing on critical reevaluations of Freud\u2019s concept of the dreamwork, I call attention to the surface elements of Leon\u2019s narrative\u2014what I term the surface of the symptom\u2014and to the formal mechanisms by which latent contents (such as the social, the political, and the personal) are transformed into the manifest form of his symptom. This formal mode of reading offers a productive way of approaching questions of demystification and interpretation, one that holds in tension the register of social causation with the singularities of individuals and their symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-023-09820-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T17:02:42Z","timestamp":1680800562000},"page":"961-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Dreamwork of the Symptom: Reading Structural Racism and Family History in a Drug Addiction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5828-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Proudfoot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"9820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2307\/1354221","volume":"20","author":"Linda Alcoff","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alcoff, Linda 1991 The Problem of Speaking for Others. 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