{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:42:27Z","timestamp":1780353747070,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["167211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["167211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Health Care and Philos"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-019-09903-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T20:41:40Z","timestamp":1557261700000},"page":"35-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Automated vehicles, big data and public health"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Favrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernice","family":"Elger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"9903_CR1","unstructured":"Alexander-Kearns, M., M. Peterson, A. Cassady. 2016. The impact of vehicle automation on carbon emissions: Where uncertainty lies. American Progress. \nhttps:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/issues\/green\/reports\/2016\/11\/18\/292588\/the-impact-of-vehicle-automation-on-carbon-emissions-where-uncertainty-lies\/\n\n."},{"key":"9903_CR2","volume-title":"Robots and empire","author":"A Asimov","year":"1994","unstructured":"Asimov, A. 1994. Robots and empire. London: HarperVoyager."},{"key":"9903_CR3","unstructured":"Awad, E., S. Dsouza, I. Rahwan, A. Shariff, J.F. Bonnefon. 2016. Moral machine. \nhttp:\/\/media.mit.edu\/research\/groups\/10005\/moral-machine\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018."},{"key":"9903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blyth, P.-L., M.N. Mladenovi\u0107, B.A. Nardi, N.M. Su, H.R. Ekbia. 2015. Driving the self-driving vehicle expanding the technological design horizon. 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technology in Society (ISTAS) Proceedings.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTAS.2015.7439419"},{"issue":"6293","key":"9903_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2654","volume":"352","author":"JF Bonnefon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonnefon, J.F., A. Shariff, and I. Rahwan. 2016. The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science 352 (6293): 1573\u20131576.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-017-0006-0","volume":"25","author":"J Borenstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borenstein, J., J.R. Herkert, and K.W. Miller. 2017. Self-driving cars and engineering ethics: The need for a system level analysis. Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (2): 383\u2013398. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-017-0006-0","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9903_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"H Bradshaw-Martin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bradshaw-Martin, H., and C. Easton. 2014. Autonomous or \u2018driverless\u2019 cars and disability: A legal and ethical analysis. European Journal of Current Legal Issues 20 (3): 1\u20133.","journal-title":"European Journal of Current Legal Issues"},{"key":"9903_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.05.081","volume":"79","author":"F Caiazzo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caiazzo, F., A. Ashok, I.A. Waitz, S.H.L. Yim, and S.R.H. Barrett. 2013. Air pollution and early deaths in the United States. Part I: Quantifying the impact of major sectors in 2005. Atmospheric Environment 79: 198\u2013208.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"9903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2016.0048","volume":"5","author":"B d\u2019Alessandro","year":"2017","unstructured":"d\u2019Alessandro, B., C. O\u2019Neil, and T. LaGatta. 2017. Conscientious classification: A data scientist\u2019s guide to discrimination-aware classification. Big Data 5 (2): 120\u2013134. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/big.2016.0048\n\n.","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"9903_CR10","unstructured":"Dvorsky, G. 2014. Why Asimov\u2019s three laws of robotics can\u2019t protect us Gizmodo. \nhttps:\/\/io9.gizmodo.com\/why-asimovs-three-laws-of-robotics-cant-protect-us-1553665410\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018)."},{"key":"9903_CR11","unstructured":"European Commission. 2016. Road Safety evolution in the EU. \nhttps:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/transport\/road_safety\/specialist\/statistics_en\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"9903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303628","volume":"107","author":"J Fleetwood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fleetwood, J. 2017. Public health, ethics, and autonomous vehicles. American Journal of Public Health 107 (4): 532\u2013537.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"9903_CR13","unstructured":"Greenemeier, L. 2016 Driverless cars will face moral dilemmas. Scientific American. \nhttps:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/driverless-cars-will-face-moral-dilemmas\/\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"9903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-014-9565-5","volume":"21","author":"A Hevelke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hevelke, A., and J. Nida-R\u00fcmelin. 2015. Responsibility for crashes of autonomous vehicles: An ethical analysis. Science and Engineering Ethics 21 (3): 619\u2013630.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"9903_CR15","unstructured":"Howard, D. 2013. Robots on the road: The moral imperative of the driverless car. Science Matters. \nhttp:\/\/donhoward-blog.nd.edu\/2013\/11\/07\/robots-on-the-road-the-moral-imperative-of-the-driverless-car\/#.U1oq-1ffKZ1\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018)."},{"key":"9903_CR16","unstructured":"Lipman. 2018. Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions Implications for Transport Planning. Victroia Transport Policy Institute. \nhttps:\/\/www.vtpi.org\/avip.pdf\n\n."},{"key":"9903_CR17","unstructured":"Morris, D.Z. 2016. Mercedes-Benz\u2019s self-driving cars would choose passenger lives over bystanders. \nhttp:\/\/fortune.com\/2016\/10\/15\/mercedes-self-driving-car-ethics\/\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018."},{"key":"9903_CR18","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTSA). 2018. \nhttps:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/technology-innovation\/automated-vehicles-safety\n\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"9903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312717741687","volume":"48","author":"J Stillgoe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stillgoe, J. 2017. Machine learning, social learning and the governance of self-driving cars. Social Studies of Science 48 (1): 25\u201356.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"9903_CR20","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. 2015. Ethical Principles in the Allocation of Human Organs. \nhttps:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/resources\/ethics\/ethical-principles-in-the-allocation-of-human-organs\/\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018."},{"key":"9903_CR21","unstructured":"US National Highway Safety Administration. 2017. Fatal motor vehicle crashes: Overview (2016). \nhttps:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/812456\n\n. Accessed 19 Feb 2018."}],"container-title":["Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11019-019-09903-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11019-019-09903-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11019-019-09903-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T23:22:48Z","timestamp":1588720968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11019-019-09903-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11019-019-09903-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-7423","1572-8633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-7423","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}