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This idea, taken up from Stephen Toulmin\u2019s distinction between an \u201cethics of strangers\u201d and an \u201cethics of intimacy\u201d, can be applied to encounters in healthcare. There are situations where healthcare personnel (HCP) <jats:italic>know their patients<\/jats:italic> (corresponding to an \u201cethics of intimacy\u201d) and situations where HCP do <jats:italic>not know their patients<\/jats:italic> (corresponding to \u201can ethics of strangers\u201d). Does it make a difference for normative imperatives that follow from central concepts and principles in medical ethics whether HCP know their patients or not? In our view, this question has not yet been answered satisfactorily. Once we have clarified what is meant by \u201cknowing the patient\u201d, we will show that the distinction is particularly relevant with regard to some thorny questions of autonomy in healthcare (e.g., regarding advance directives or paternalism in the name of autonomy), whereas the differences with regard to imperatives following from the principles of justice and beneficence seem to be smaller. We provide a detailed argument for why knowing the patient is ethically valuable in encounters in healthcare. Consequently, healthcare systems should provide fertile ground for HCP to get to know their patients, and structures that foster therapeutic continuity. For this to succeed, a number of questions still need to be clarified, which is an important task for medical ethics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-024-10213-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T09:02:07Z","timestamp":1717837327000},"page":"389-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An \u201cethics of strangers\u201d? 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