{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:09:18Z","timestamp":1787314158664,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007334","name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YSS\/2020\/000116\/PRCYSS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSS\/2020\/000116\/PRCYSS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007334","name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YSS\/2020\/000116\/PRCYSS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSS\/2020\/000116\/PRCYSS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Divers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-025-11236-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:48:31Z","timestamp":1752140911000},"page":"1443-1458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring OmpA of Orientia tsutsugamushi to design novel multi-epitope vaccine against scrub typhus: an immunoinformatics approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shakshi","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanika","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dixit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"11236_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151467","volume":"311","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Kulkarni S (2021) Orientia tsutsugamushi: The dangerous yet neglected foe from the East. Int J Med Microbiol 311:151467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151467","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"11236_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3010008","volume":"3","author":"A Luce-Fedrow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luce-Fedrow A, Lehman ML, Kelly DJ et al (2018) A review of scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi and related organisms): then, now, and tomorrow. Trop Med Infect Dis 3:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed3010008","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2766","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.2766","volume":"32","author":"D Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma D, Sharma A, Verma SK, Singh B (2019) Targeting metabolic pathways proteins of Orientia tsutsugamushi using combined hierarchical approach to combat scrub typhus. J Mol Recogn 32:e2766","journal-title":"J Mol Recogn"},{"key":"11236_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3010011","volume":"3","author":"J Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang J, Richards AL (2018) Scrub typhus: no longer restricted to the Tsutsugamushi triangle. Trop Med Infect Dis 3:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed3010011","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00605-1","volume":"8","author":"DH Walker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walker DH, Mendell NL (2023) A scrub typhus vaccine presents a challenging unmet need. Npj Vaccines 8:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-023-00605-1","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"11236_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006062","volume":"11","author":"G Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu G, Walker DH, Jupiter D et al (2017) A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11:e0006062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006062","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01526-10","volume":"48","author":"L Izzard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Izzard L, Fuller A, Blacksell SD et al (2010) Isolation of a novel Orientia species (O. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in Dubai. J Clin Microbiol 48:4404\u20134409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01526-10","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"11236_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001466","volume":"6","author":"DH Paris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paris DH, Phetsouvanh R, Tanganuchitcharnchai A et al (2012) Orientia tsutsugamushi in human scrub typhus eschars shows tropism for dendritic cells and monocytes rather than endothelium. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6:e1466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001466","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2023.0055","volume":"55","author":"M-H Chung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chung M-H, Lee J-S, Im JH (2023) Antibiotic combination therapy for severe scrub typhus: is it necessary? Infect Chemother 55:179\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2023.0055","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"11236_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2014487","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14487","volume":"3","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang J, Luo L, Chen T et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treatment of scrub typhus: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 3:e2014487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14487","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"11236_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2040063","volume":"2","author":"DJ Kelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Richards AL (2017) The historical case for and the future study of antibiotic-resistant scrub typhus. Trop Med Infect Dis 2:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed2040063","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003585","volume":"9","author":"N-Y Ha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ha N-Y, Sharma P, Kim G et al (2015) Immunization with an autotransporter protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi provides protective immunity against scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9:e0003585","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00170","volume":"2","author":"G Valbuena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Valbuena G, Walker DH (2013) Approaches to vaccines against Orientia tsutsugamushi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:170","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"11236_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166720","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1166720","volume":"14","author":"A Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma A, Sharma D, Verma SK (2023) A systematic in silico report on iron and zinc proteome of Zea mays. Front Plant Sci 14:1166720","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"11236_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/9789815165616123010011","author":"D Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma D, Chauhan D, Kumar S et al (2023) Omics in livestock animals: improving health, well-being and production. Syst Biol Bioinform Livest Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/9789815165616123010011","journal-title":"Syst Biol Bioinform Livest Sci"},{"key":"11236_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630018188","volume":"18","author":"D Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma D, Kumar S, Sharma A et al (2022) Functional assignment to hypothetical proteins in Orientia tsutsugamushistrain Ikeda. Bioinformation 18:188","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"11236_CR17","unstructured":"Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Oxford, pp 95\u201398"},{"key":"11236_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21078","volume":"65","author":"S Saha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saha S, Raghava GPS (2006) Prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in an antigen using recurrent neural network. Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform 65:40\u201348","journal-title":"Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform"},{"key":"11236_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1115-8_17","volume":"1184","author":"M Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang M, Claesson MH (2014) Classification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes. Immunoinformatics 1184:309\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-1115-8_17","journal-title":"Immunoinformatics"},{"key":"11236_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W449","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa379","volume":"48","author":"B Reynisson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reynisson B, Alvarez B, Paul S et al (2020) NetMHCpan-4.1 and NetMHCIIpan-4.0: improved predictions of MHC antigen presentation by concurrent motif deconvolution and integration of MS MHC eluted ligand data. Nucleic Acids Res 48:W449\u2013W454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaa379","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W525","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks438","volume":"40","author":"Y Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim Y, Ponomarenko J, Zhu Z et al (2012) Immune epitope database analysis resource. Nucleic Acids Res 40:W525\u2013W530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks438","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D339","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1006","volume":"47","author":"R Vita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vita R, Mahajan S, Overton JA et al (2019) The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update. Nucleic Acids Res 47:D339\u2013D343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky1006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","volume":"8","author":"IA Doytchinova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doytchinova IA, Flower DR (2007) VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines. BMC Bioinform 8:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"11236_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5","volume":"20","author":"I Dimitrov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimitrov I, Bangov I, Flower DR, Doytchinova I (2014) AllerTOP vol 2\u2014a server for in silico prediction of allergens. J Mol Model 20:2278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5","journal-title":"J Mol Model"},{"key":"11236_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073957","volume":"8","author":"S Gupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kapoor P, Chaudhary K et al (2013) In silico approach for predicting toxicity of peptides and proteins. PLoS ONE 8:e73957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073957","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"11236_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D928","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1004","volume":"43","author":"D Wishart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wishart D, Arndt D, Pon A et al (2015) T3DB: the toxic exposome database. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D928\u2013D934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gku1004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-890-0:571","volume-title":"The proteomics protocols handbook","author":"E Gasteiger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gasteiger E, Hoogland C, Gattiker A et al (2005) Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server. In: Walker JM (ed) The proteomics protocols handbook. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 571\u2013607"},{"key":"11236_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp386","volume":"25","author":"CN Magnan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Magnan CN, Randall A, Baldi P (2009) SOLpro: accurate sequence-based prediction of protein solubility. Bioinformatics 25:2200\u20132207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp386","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"11236_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W174","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv342","volume":"43","author":"J Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhang Y (2015) I-TASSER server: new development for protein structure and function predictions. Nucleic Acids Res 43:W174\u2013W181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkv342","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh468","volume":"32","author":"DE Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim DE, Chivian D, Baker D (2004) Protein structure prediction and analysis using the Robetta server. Nucleic Acids Res 32:W526\u2013W531","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W384","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt458","volume":"41","author":"L Heo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heo L, Park H, Seok C (2013) GalaxyRefine: protein structure refinement driven by side-chain repacking. Nucleic Acids Res 41:W384\u2013W388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkt458","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.25794","volume":"87","author":"RJ Read","year":"2019","unstructured":"Read RJ, Sammito MD, Kryshtafovych A, Croll TI (2019) Evaluation of model refinement in CASP13. Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform 87:1249\u20131262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prot.25794","journal-title":"Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform"},{"key":"11236_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W407","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm290","volume":"35","author":"M Wiederstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiederstein M, Sippl MJ (2007) ProSA-web: interactive web service for the recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 35:W407\u2013W410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkm290","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889892009944","volume":"26","author":"RA Laskowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laskowski RA, MacArthur MW, Moss DS, Thornton JM (1993) PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J Appl Crystallogr 26:283\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/S0021889892009944","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"11236_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020916","volume":"2","author":"C Colovos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Colovos C, Yeates TO (1993) Verification of protein structures: patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions. Protein Sci 2:1511\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.5560020916","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"11236_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.169","volume":"12","author":"D Kozakov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kozakov D, Hall DR, Xia B et al (2017) The ClusPro web server for protein\u2013protein docking. Nat Protoc 12:255\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2016.169","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"11236_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W96","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh354","volume":"32","author":"SR Comeau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Comeau SR, Gatchell DW, Vajda S, Camacho CJ (2004) ClusPro: a fully automated algorithm for protein\u2013protein docking. Nucleic Acids Res 32:W96\u2013W99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkh354","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3289","volume":"27","author":"RA Laskowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laskowski RA, Jab\u0142o\u0144ska J, Pravda L et al (2018) PDBsum: Structural summaries of PDB entries. Protein Sci 27:129\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.3289","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"11236_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki376","volume":"33","author":"A Grote","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grote A, Hiller K, Scheer M et al (2005) JCat: a novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host. Nucleic Acids Res 33:W526\u2013W531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gki376","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"11236_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009862","volume":"5","author":"N Rapin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rapin N, Lund O, Bernaschi M, Castiglione F (2010) Computational immunology meets bioinformatics: the use of prediction tools for molecular binding in the simulation of the immune system. PLoS ONE 5:e9862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0009862","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"11236_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3020063","volume":"3","author":"SM Evans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Evans SM, Adcox HE, VieBrock L et al (2018) Outer membrane protein a conservation among Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates suggests its potential as a protective antigen and diagnostic target. Trop Med Infect Dis 3:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed3020063","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ftab044","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftab044","volume":"79","author":"JR Hunt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hunt JR, Carlyon JA (2021) Analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi promoter activity. Pathog Dis 79:ftab044","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-016-0247-1","volume":"9","author":"NS Pagadala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pagadala NS, Syed K, Tuszynski J (2017) Software for molecular docking: a review. Biophys Rev 9:91\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12551-016-0247-1","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"key":"11236_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.364003","volume":"15","author":"D Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma D, Sharma A, Singh B et al (2022) Neglected scrub typhus: an updated review with a focus on omics technologies. Asian Pac J Trop Med 15:531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1995-7645.364003","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"11236_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2308.170025","volume":"23","author":"M Mittal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mittal M, Thangaraj JWV, Rose W et al (2017) Scrub typhus as a cause of acute encephalitis syndrome, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. India Emerg Infect Dis 23:1414","journal-title":"India Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00797","volume":"10","author":"D Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma D, Sharma A, Singh B, Verma SK (2019) Bioinformatic exploration of metal-binding proteome of zoonotic pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. Front Genet 10:471020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"11236_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102062","volume":"42","author":"C Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa C, Ferrari A, Binazzi R et al (2021) Imported scrub typhus in Europe: report of three cases and a literature review. Travel Med Infect Dis 42:102062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102062","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5020049","volume":"5","author":"AL Richards","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richards AL, Jiang J (2020) Scrub typhus: historic perspective and current status of the worldwide presence of Orientia species. Trop Med Infect Dis 5:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed5020049","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"11236_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105103","volume":"158","author":"D Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma D, Sharma A, Singh B, Verma SK (2021) Pan-proteome profiling of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi for getting insight into microbial pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 158:105103","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"11236_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.936","volume":"73","author":"T-C Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan T-C, Dasch GA, Chao C-C et al (2005) Protection against scrub typhus by a plasmid vaccine encoding the 56-kd outer membrane protein antigen gene. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:936\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.936","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"11236_CR51","first-page":"113","volume":"15","author":"N Kekcheyeva","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kekcheyeva N (1967) A living chemo-vaccine prepared from rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Acta Med Biol (Niigata) 15:113\u2013116","journal-title":"Acta Med Biol (Niigata)"},{"key":"11236_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park S-M, Gu MJ, Ju Y-J, et al (2021) Intranasal vaccination with outer-membrane protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi induces protective immunity against scrub typhus. Immune Netw 21:","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2021.21.e14"},{"key":"11236_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2023.23.e47","volume":"23","author":"CG Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim CG, Kim WK, Kim N et al (2023) Intranasal immunization with nanoparticles containing an Orientia tsutsugamushi protein vaccine candidate and a polysorbitol transporter adjuvant enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses. Immune Netw 23:e47","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"11236_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00968-16","author":"KS Hebert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hebert KS, Seidman D, Oki AT et al (2017) Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein A is an adhesin that recognizes sialylated and fucosylated glycans and functionally depends on an essential binding domain. Infect Immun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00968-16","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11236_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00654-12","volume":"80","author":"N Ojogun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ojogun N, Kahlon A, Ragland SA et al (2012) Anaplasma phagocytophilum outer membrane Protein A interacts with sialylated glycoproteins to promote infection of mammalian host cells. Infect Immun 80:3748\u20133760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00654-12","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11236_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines3030579","volume":"3","author":"T Stratmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stratmann T (2015) Cholera toxin subunit B as adjuvant\u2013\u2013an accelerator in protective immunity and a break in autoimmunity. Vaccines 3:579\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines3030579","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"11236_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/14.8.529","volume":"14","author":"R Arai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arai R, Ueda H, Kitayama A et al (2001) Design of the linkers which effectively separate domains of a bifunctional fusion protein. Protein Eng Des Sel 14:529\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/protein\/14.8.529","journal-title":"Protein Eng Des Sel"},{"key":"11236_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10100997","volume":"10","author":"S Aslam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aslam S, Ahmad S, Noor F et al (2021) Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against chlamydia trachomatis by employing integrated core proteomics. Immuno-Inform In Silico Approach Biol 10:997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology10100997","journal-title":"Immuno-Inform In Silico Approach Biol"},{"key":"11236_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2020.100394","volume":"20","author":"M Bhattacharya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR, Patra P et al (2020) A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate: In-silico cloning and validation. Inform Med Unlocked 20:100394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imu.2020.100394","journal-title":"Inform Med Unlocked"},{"key":"11236_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092301","volume":"20","author":"R Adiyaman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adiyaman R, McGuffin LJ (2019) Methods for the refinement of protein structure 3D models. Int J Mol Sci 20:2301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20092301","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11236_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S241064","volume":"9","author":"AN Oli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oli AN, Obialor WO, Ifeanyichukwu MO et al (2020) Immunoinformatics and vaccine development: an overview. ImmunoTargets Ther 9:13\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ITT.S241064","journal-title":"ImmunoTargets Ther"},{"key":"11236_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123411","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1123411","volume":"10","author":"AM Gouda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gouda AM, Soltan MA, Abd-Elghany K et al (2023) Integration of immunoinformatics and cheminformatics to design and evaluate a multitope vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa coinfection. Front Mol Biosci 10:1123411","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"11236_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031771","volume":"23","author":"S Rampogu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rampogu S, Lee G, Park JS et al (2022) Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations discover curcumin analogue as a plausible dual inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 23:1771","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11236_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.041","volume":"180","author":"KA Fitzgerald","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fitzgerald KA, Kagan JC (2020) Toll-like receptors and the control of immunity. Cell 180:1044\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.041","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11236_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3446","volume":"13","author":"LAJ O\u2019Neill","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill LAJ, Golenbock D, Bowie AG (2013) The history of Toll-like receptors\u2014redefining innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:453\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3446","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"11236_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2023.101411","volume":"43","author":"EO Amos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amos EO, Araoyinbo OS, Akinleye EO et al (2023) Immunoinformatics design of multi-epitope vaccine using surface cell antigen OmpB and heat shock protein GroEL against rickettsioses. Inform Med Unlocked 43:101411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imu.2023.101411","journal-title":"Inform Med Unlocked"},{"key":"11236_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13721-020-00243-w","volume":"9","author":"S Shiragannavar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shiragannavar S, Madagi S, Hosakeri J, Barot V (2020) In silico vaccine design against Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinform 9:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13721-020-00243-w","journal-title":"Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinform"},{"key":"11236_CR68","unstructured":"Meem FS (2022) An in-silico approach to design a vaccine against beta lactamase enzyme of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thesis, Brac University"},{"key":"11236_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14427-z","volume":"12","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li M, Zhu Y, Niu C et al (2022) Design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Brucella melitensis. Sci Rep 12:10146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-14427-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11236_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020654","volume":"15","author":"L Saldanha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saldanha L, Langel \u00dc, Vale N (2023) In silico studies to support vaccine development. Pharmaceutics 15:654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020654","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"}],"container-title":["Molecular Diversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11030-025-11236-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11030-025-11236-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11030-025-11236-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T15:56:51Z","timestamp":1771775811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11030-025-11236-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["11236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11030-025-11236-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1381-1991","1573-501X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1381-1991","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-501X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}