{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:49:47Z","timestamp":1785779387796,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation"},{"name":"National Institute on Aging at the NIH","award":["NIA; R01AG075117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA; R01AG075117"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging at the NIH","award":["NIA; R01AG075117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA; R01AG075117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Motiv Emot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-026-10195-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T17:14:12Z","timestamp":1770398052000},"page":"688-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic benefits of finding the silver lining: secondary control as a buffer against declines in well-being during COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pierce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Hilmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000195","volume":"24","author":"MG Arend","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arend, M. G., & Sch\u00e4fer, T. (2019). Statistical power in two-level models: A tutorial based on Monte Carlo Simulation. Psychological Methods, 24(1), 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000195","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10195_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.2.s101","author":"AE Barrett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barrett, A. E. (2003). Socioeconomic status and age identity: The role of dimensions of health in the subjective construction of age. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/58.2.s101","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113481998","volume":"20","author":"T Bj\u00f6rgvinsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rgvinsson, T., Kertz, S. J., Bigda-Peyton, J. S., McCoy, K. L., & Aderka, I. M. (2013). Psychometric properties of the CES-D-10 in a psychiatric sample. Assessment, 20(4), 429\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191113481998","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867411433215","volume":"46","author":"P Butterworth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Butterworth, P., Olesen, S. C., & Leach, L. S. (2012). The role of hardship in the association between socio-economic position and depression. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(4), 364\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867411433215","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10195_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep11512261","volume":"4","author":"LL Carstensen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Carstensen, L. L. (1995). Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(5), 151\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.ep11512261","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12037","volume":"84","author":"E Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, E., Lee, W. K., Cavey, L., & Ho, A. (2013). Role models and the psychological characteristics that buffer low-socioeconomic\u2010status youth from cardiovascular risk. Child Development, 84(4), 1241\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12037","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10195_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000000157","volume":"77","author":"E Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, E., McLean, K. C., & Miller, G. E. (2015). Shift-and-persist strategies. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(3), 371\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/psy.0000000000000157","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612436694","volume":"7","author":"E Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2012). shift-and-persist strategies. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(2), 135\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691612436694","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10195_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58763-9_12","author":"JG Chipperfield","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chipperfield, J. G., Hamm, J. M., Perry, R. P., & Ruthig, J. C. (2017). Perspectives on studying perceived control in the twenty-first century. The Happy Mind: Cognitive Contributions to Well-Being. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-58763-9_12","journal-title":"The Happy Mind: Cognitive Contributions to Well-Being"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.25.2.226","volume":"25","author":"JG Chipperfield","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chipperfield, J. G., & Perry, R. P. (2006). Primary- and secondary-control strategies in later life: Predicting hospital outcomes in men and women. Health Psychology, 25(2), 226\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-6133.25.2.226","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/14768320500537563","volume":"22","author":"JG Chipperfield","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chipperfield, J. G., Perry, R. P., Bailis, D. S., Ruthig, J. C., & Chuchmach loring, P. (2007). Gender differences in use of primary and secondary control strategies in older adults with major health problems. Psychology & Health, 22(1), 83\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14768320500537563","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"key":"10195_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-375000-6.00109-9","author":"JG Chipperfield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chipperfield, J. G., Perry, R. P., & Stewart, T. L. (2012). Perceived control. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-375000-6.00109-9","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"S Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2136404","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-011-9184-5","volume":"24","author":"M Cred\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cred\u00e9, M., & Niehorster, S. (2011). Adjustment to college as measured by the student adaptation to college questionnaire: A quantitative review of its structure and relationships with correlates and consequences. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 133\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-011-9184-5","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10195_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","volume":"49","author":"E Diener","year":"1985","unstructured":"Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71\u201375.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"10","key":"10195_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50831","volume":"213","author":"JR Fisher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fisher, J. R., Tran, T. D., Hammarberg, K., Sastry, J., Nguyen, H., Rowe, H., Popplestone, S., Stocker, R., Stubber, C., & Kirkman, M. (2020). Mental health of people in Australia in the first month of COVID-19 restrictions: A national survey. Medical Journal of Australia, 213(10), 458\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.50831","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10195_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab017","volume":"46","author":"RS Fisher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fisher, R. S., Sharp, K. M., Prussien, K. V., Himelhoch, A. C., Murphy, L. K., Rodriguez, E. M., Young-Saleme, T. K., Vannatta, K., Compas, B. E., & Gerhardt, C. A. (2021). Coping trajectories and the health-related quality of life of childhood cancer survivors. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(8), 960\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab017","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"key":"10195_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101832","volume":"77","author":"C Frankham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frankham, C., Richardson, T., & Maguire, N. (2020). Psychological factors associated with financial hardship and mental health: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 77, Article 101832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101832","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.10","volume":"129","author":"LC Gallo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003). Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: Do negative emotions play a role? Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 10\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.10","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep\/32.1.73","volume":"32","author":"MH Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall, M. H., Matthews, K. A., Kravitz, H. M., Gold, E. B., Buysse, D. J., Bromberger, J. T., Owens, J. F., & MaryFran, S. (2009). Race and financial strain are independent correlates of sleep in midlife women: The SWAN sleep study. Sleep, 32(1), 73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep\/32.1.73","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10195_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12771","author":"JM Hamm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamm, J. M., Barlow, M. A., Garcia, O. G., & Duggan, K. A. (2023a). Context-dependent shifts in self\u2010regulatory personality processes during COVID\u201019: Changes in control predict dynamic shifts in goal reengagement capacity. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12771","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"key":"10195_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000841","volume":"40","author":"JM Hamm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamm, J. M., Lachman, M. E., Duggan, K. A., Mogle, J. A., McGrath, R., Parker, K. P., & Klepacz, L. M. (2025). When and how perceived control buffers against cognitive declines: A moderated mediation analysis. Psychology and Aging, 40, 39\u201353.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10195_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-016-9576-4","volume":"40","author":"JM Hamm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hamm, J. M., Perry, R. P., Chipperfield, J. G., Heckhausen, J., & Parker, P. C. (2016). A motivation-enhancing treatment to sustain goal engagement during life course transitions. Motivation and Emotion, 40(6), 814\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-016-9576-4","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"11","key":"10195_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2015.1050394","volume":"30","author":"JM Hamm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamm, J. M., Perry, R. P., Chipperfield, J. G., Stewart, T. L., & Heckhausen, J. (2015). Motivation-focused thinking: Buffering against stress-related physical symptoms and depressive symptomology. Psychology & Health, 30(11), 1326\u20131345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2015.1050394","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"key":"10195_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12788","author":"JM Hamm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamm, J. M., Shane, J., Pierce, M. J., & Duggan, K. A. (2023b). Individual differences in patterns of developmental opportunity and constraint during COVID\u201019: Implications for longitudinal well\u2010being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12788","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"key":"10195_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamm, J. M., Tan, J. X., Barlow, M. A., Delaney, R. L., & Duggan, K. A. (2022). Goal adjustment capacities in uncontrollable life circumstances: Benefits for psychological well-being during COVID-19. Motivation and Emotion, 46(3), 319\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-022-09941-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-022-09941-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2009.28.2.165","volume":"28","author":"TL Haynes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haynes, T. L., Heckhausen, J., Chipperfield, J. G., Perry, R. P., & Newall, N. E. (2009). Primary and secondary control strategies: Implications for health and well-being among older adults. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(2), 165\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.2009.28.2.165","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295x.102.2.284","volume":"102","author":"J Heckhausen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1995). A life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 102(2), 284\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295x.102.2.284","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017668","volume":"117","author":"J Heckhausen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heckhausen, J., Wrosch, C., & Schulz, R. (2010). A motivational theory of life-span development. Psychological Review, 117(1), 32\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017668","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103043","volume":"70","author":"J Heckhausen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heckhausen, J., Wrosch, C., & Schulz, R. (2019). Agency and motivation in adulthood and old age. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 191\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103043","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10195_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550615576210","volume":"6","author":"EG Helzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helzer, E. G., & Jayawickreme, E. (2015). Control and the \u201cgood life.\u201d Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(6), 653\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550615576210","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"key":"10195_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00380","author":"U Kunzmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kunzmann, U., Kappes, C., & Wrosch, C. (2014). Emotional aging: A discrete emotions perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00380","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10195_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2006.00453.x","volume":"15","author":"ME Lachman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lachman, M. E. (2006). Perceived control over aging-related declines. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 282\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2006.00453.x","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10195_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.027","volume":"63","author":"E Lahelma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lahelma, E., Laaksonen, M., Martikainen, P., Rahkonen, O., & Sarlio-L\u00e4hteenkorva, S. (2006). Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders. Social Science & Medicine, 63(5), 1383\u20131399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.027","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.031809.130711","volume":"62","author":"KA Matthews","year":"2011","unstructured":"Matthews, K. A., & Gallo, L. C. (2011). Psychological perspectives on pathways linking socioeconomic status and physical health. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 501\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.031809.130711","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.2.269","volume":"132","author":"B Morling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morling, B., & Evered, S. (2006). Secondary control reviewed and defined. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 269\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.132.2.269","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2190\/ag.68.4.a","volume":"68","author":"NE Newall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newall, N. E., Chipperfield, J. G., Daniels, L. M., Hladkyj, S., & Perry, R. P. (2009). Regret in later life: Exploring relationships between regret frequency, secondary interpretive control beliefs, and health in older individuals. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 68(4), 261\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/ag.68.4.a","journal-title":"The International Journal of Aging and Human Development"},{"key":"10195_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.12.058","volume":"147","author":"A Nikolaidis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nikolaidis, A., DeRosa, J., Kass, M., Droney, I., Alexander, L., Di Martino, A., Bromet, E., Merikangas, K., Milham, M. P., & Paksarian, D. (2022). Heterogeneity in COVID-19 pandemic-induced lifestyle stressors predicts future mental health in adults and children in the US and UK. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 147, 291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.12.058","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10195_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-022-09717-3","volume":"25","author":"PC Parker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parker, P. C., Perry, R. P., Chipperfield, J. G., Hamm, J. M., Daniels, L. M., & Dryden, R. P. (2022). Adjustment and acceptance beliefs in achievement settings: Implications for student wellbeing. Social Psychology of Education, 25(5), 1031\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11218-022-09717-3","journal-title":"Social Psychology of Education"},{"key":"10195_CR40","unstructured":"Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., & Core Team, R. (2024). _nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models_. R package version 3.1\u2013166. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721000015","volume":"51","author":"G Prati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prati, G., & Mancini, A. D. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: A review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments. Psychological Medicine, 51(2), 201\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291721000015","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"46","key":"10195_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.25115\/ejrep.v16i46.2236","volume":"16","author":"K Prihadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prihadi, K., Tan, C. Y. H., Tan, R. T. S., Ling Yong, P., Yong, J. H. E., Tinagaran, S., & Yeow, J. L. H. (2018). Procrastination and learned-helplessness among university students: The mediation effect of internal locus of control. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 16(46), 579\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25115\/ejrep.v16i46.2236","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10195_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662167700100306","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby081","volume":"75","author":"SA Robinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robinson, S. A., & Lachman, M. E. (2020). Daily control beliefs and cognition: The mediating role of physical activity. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 75(4), 772\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gby081","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.42.1.5","volume":"42","author":"F Rothbaum","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.42.1.5","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2007.00050.x","volume":"2","author":"M Rutter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rutter, M. (2007). Proceeding from observed correlation to causal inference: The use of natural experiments. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(4), 377\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2007.00050.x","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10195_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.57.6.1069","volume":"57","author":"C Ryff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.57.6.1069","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0452-3","volume":"23","author":"J Salsman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salsman, J., Lai, J.-S., Hendrie, H., Butt, Z., Zill, N., Pilkonis, P. A., et al. (2014). Assessing psychological well-being: Self-report instruments for the NIH Toolbox. Quality of Life Research, 23(1), 205\u2013215.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10195_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.51.7.702","volume":"51","author":"R Schulz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (1996). A life span model of successful aging. American Psychologist, 51(7), 702\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.51.7.702","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10195_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329172000241x","volume":"52","author":"L Shanahan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shanahan, L., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Murray, A. L., Nivette, A., Hepp, U., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. (2020). Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 52(5), 824\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003329172000241x","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1037\/0008-400x.40.2.104","volume":"40","author":"AU Swift","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swift, A. U., Bailis, D. S., Chipperfield, J. G., Ruthig, J. C., & Newall, N. E. (2008). Gender differences in the adaptive influence of folk beliefs: A longitudinal study of life satisfaction in aging. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science \/ Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 40(2), 104\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0008-400x.40.2.104","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science \/ Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1017\/s0714980813000391","volume":"32","author":"AU Swift","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swift, A. U., & Chipperfield, J. G. (2013). Secondary control belief combinations (adjustment and acceptance) and well-being in older adults. Canadian Journal on Aging \/ La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 32(4), 349\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0714980813000391","journal-title":"Canadian Journal on Aging \/ La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10195_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.3.540","volume":"67","author":"SC Thompson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thompson, S. C., Nanni, C., & Levine, A. (1994). Primary versus secondary and central versus consequence-related control in HIV-positive men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.67.3.540","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.00025","volume":"66","author":"SC Thompson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thompson, S. C., Thomas, C., Rickabaugh, C. A., Tantamjarik, P., Otsuki, T., Pan, D., Garcia, B. F., & Sinar, E. (1998). Primary and secondary control over age-related changes in physical appearance. Journal of Personality, 66(4), 583\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6494.00025","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"5","key":"10195_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-022-00501-w","volume":"23","author":"M Toyama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toyama, M. (2022). Longitudinal and age-related implications of primary and secondary control for hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(5), 2313\u20132336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00501-w","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"key":"10195_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-022-01658-9","author":"M Vilar-Compte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vilar-Compte, M., Hern\u00e1ndez-F, M., Gait\u00e1n-Rossi, P., P\u00e9rez, V., & Teruel, G. (2022). Associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with social well-being indicators in Mexico. International Journal for Equity in Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-022-01658-9","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-005-5056-2","volume":"14","author":"ME Wadsworth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wadsworth, M. E., Raviv, T., Compas, B. E., & Connor-Smith, J. K. (2005). Parent and adolescent responses to poverty related stress: Tests of mediated and moderated coping models. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14(2), 283\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-005-5056-2","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"10195_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.082","volume":"294","author":"MT Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, M. T., Toro, J. D., Scanlon, C. L., Schall, J. D., Zhang, A. L., Belmont, A. M., Voltin, S. E., & Plevniak, K. A. (2021). The roles of stress, coping, and parental support in adolescent psychological well-being in the context of COVID-19: A daily-diary study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 294, 245\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.082","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10195_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","volume":"54","author":"D Watson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The panas scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/17.4.357","volume":"17","author":"CT Whelan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whelan, C. T., Layte, R., Maitre, B., & Nolan, B. (2001). Income, deprivation, and economic strain. An analysis of the European Community Household Panel. European Sociological Review, 17(4), 357\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/esr\/17.4.357","journal-title":"European Sociological Review"},{"key":"10195_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wrosch, C., Barlow, M. A., & Kunzmann, U. (2018). Age-related changes in older adults\u2019 anger and sadness: The role of perceived control. Psychology and Aging, 33(2), 350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pag0000229","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000229"}],"container-title":["Motivation and Emotion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11031-026-10195-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11031-026-10195-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11031-026-10195-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:49:50Z","timestamp":1785775790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11031-026-10195-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-026-10195-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-7239","1573-6644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-7239","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised: The following funding information has been added in the article. Funding: This research was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship to Matthew Pierce and by the National Institute on Aging (NIA; Grant R01AG075117) to Jeremy Hamm. However, it is now corrected.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}