{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:55:31Z","timestamp":1772819731696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology- Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), New Delhi, India","award":["YSS\/2015\/000870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSS\/2015\/000870"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T21:02:36Z","timestamp":1592600556000},"page":"5253-5262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Polymorphisms in XPC and XPD genes modulate DNA damage in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers of Punjab, North-West India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Karashdeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(03)00015-2","volume":"543","author":"C Bolognesi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bolognesi C (2003) Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of human biomonitoring studies. Mutat Res 543:251\u2013272","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"5600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2013.788972","volume":"20","author":"S Mittal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mittal S, Kaur G, Vishwakarma GS (2014) Effects of environmental pesticides on the health of rural communities in the Malwa region of Punjab, India: a review. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 20:366\u2013387","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J"},{"key":"5600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/10599240902824042","volume":"14","author":"GE Kisby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kisby GE, Muniz JF, Scherer J, Lasarev MR, Koshy M, Kow YW, McCauley L (2009) Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers. J Agromed 14:206\u2013214","journal-title":"J Agromed"},{"key":"5600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_45_18","volume":"22","author":"K Kaur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaur K, Kaur R (2018) Occupational pesticide exposure, impaired DNA repair and diseases. Indian J Occup Environ Med 22:74\u201381","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"5600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009","volume":"575","author":"KH Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA (2017) Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. Sci Total Environ 575:525\u2013535","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"5600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.01.025","volume":"268","author":"S Mostafalou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M (2013) Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 268:157\u2013177","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"5600_CR7","volume-title":"Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to human. Vol. 5-53","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)","year":"2003","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2003) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to human. Vol. 5-53. IARC, Lyon"},{"issue":"20","key":"5600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05344-2","volume":"26","author":"DE Aiassa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aiassa DE, Ma\u00f1as FJ, Gentile NE, Bosch B, Salinero MC, Gorla NBM (2019) Evaluation of genetic damage in pesticides applicators from the province of C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26(20):20981\u201320988","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"5600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9725","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.22.9725","volume":"15","author":"HY Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang HY, Liu J, Yang SY, Wang HY, Wang YD (2014) Increased sister chromatid exchange in peripheral blood lymphocytes from humans exposed to pesticide: evidence based on a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15:9725\u20139730","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"5600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.10.004","volume":"148","author":"C Hilgert Jacobsen-Pereira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hilgert Jacobsen-Pereira C, Dos Santos CR, Troina Maraslis F, Pimentel L, Feij\u00f3 AJL, Iomara Silva C, de Medeiros GDS, Costa Zeferino R, Curi Pedrosa R, Weidner Maluf S (2018) Markers of genotoxicity and oxidative stress in farmers exposed to pesticides. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 148:177\u2013183","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"5600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2018.1443513","volume":"23","author":"G Intranuovo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Intranuovo G, Schiavulli N, Cavone D, Birtolo F, Cocco P, Vimercati L, Macinagrossa L, Giordano A, Perrone T, Ingravallo G, Mazza P, Strusi M, Spinosa C, Specchia G, Ferri GM (2018) Assessment of DNA damages in lymphocytes of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides by comet assay in a cross-sectional study. Biomarkers 23(5):462\u2013473","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"5600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.108288","volume":"783","author":"A Azqueta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azqueta A, Ladeira C, Giovannelli L, Boutet-Robinet E, Bonassi S, Neri M, Gajski G, Duthie S, Del Bo C, Riso P, Koppen G, Basaran N, Collins A, M\u00f8ller P (2020) Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: an hCOMET perspective. Mutat Res 783:108288","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"5600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2019.04.007","volume":"843","author":"A Azqueta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azqueta A, Muruzabal D, Boutet-Robinet E, Milic M, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, M\u00f8ller P, Collins AR (2019) Technical recommendations to perform the alkaline standard and enzyme-modified comet assay in human biomonitoring studies. Mutat Res 843:24\u201332","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"5600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:26:3:249","volume":"26","author":"AR Collins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Collins AR (2004) The comet assay for DNA damage and repair: principles, applications, and limitations. Mol Biotechnol 26:249\u2013261","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"5600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-019-0119-6","volume":"41","author":"M Kusakabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kusakabe M, Onishi Y, Tada H, Kurihara F, Kusao K, Furukawa M, Iwai S, Yokoi M, Sakai W, Sugasawa K (2019) Mechanism and regulation of DNA damage recognition in nucleotide excision repair. Genes Environ 41:2","journal-title":"Genes Environ"},{"key":"5600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1021\/cr040483f","volume":"106","author":"LCJ Gillet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gillet LCJ, Scharer OD (2006) Molecular mechanisms of mammalian global genome nucleotide excision repair. Chem Rev 106:253\u2013276","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"5600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.7.768","volume":"13","author":"WL de Laat","year":"1999","unstructured":"de Laat WL, Jaspers NGJ, Hoeijmakers JHJ (1999) Molecular mechanism of nucleotide excision repair. Genes Dev 13:768\u2013785","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"5600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.6.1026","volume":"24","author":"L Li","year":"1996","unstructured":"Li L, Peterson C, Legerski R (1996) Sequence of the mouse XPC cDNA and genomic structure of the human XPC gene. Nucleic Acids Res 24:1026\u20131028","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.4.551","volume":"21","author":"RM Lunn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lunn RM, Helzlsouer KJ, Parshad R, Umbach DM, Harris EL, Sanford KK, Bell DA (2000) XPD polymorphisms: effects on DNA repair proficiency. Carcinogenesis 21:551\u2013555","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh064","volume":"25","author":"P Vodicka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vodicka P, Kumar R, Stetina R, Sanyal S, Soucek P, Haufroid V, Dusinska M, Kuricova M, Zamecnikova M, Musak L, Buchancova J, Norppa H, Hirvonen A, Vodickova L, Naccarati A, Matousu Z, Hemminki K (2004) Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and possible links with DNA repair rates, chromosomal aberrations and single-strand breaks in DNA. Carcinogenesis 25:757\u2013763","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.016","volume":"593","author":"A Naccarati","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naccarati A, Soucek P, Stetina R, Haufroid V, Kumar R, Vodickova L, Trtkova K, Dusinska M, Hemminki K, Vodicka P (2006) Genetic polymorphisms and possible gene\u2013gene interactions in metabolic and DNA repair genes: effects on DNA damage. Mutat Res 593:22\u201331","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"5600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20650","volume":"52","author":"J Slyskova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slyskova J, Naccarati A, Polakova V, Pardini B, Vodickova L, Stetina R, Schmuczerova J, Smerhovsky Z, Lipska L, Vodicka P (2011) DNA damage and nucleotide excision repair capacity in healthy individuals. Environ Mol Mutagen 52:511\u2013517","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"5600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-012-9526-0","volume":"50","author":"M Wlodarczyk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wlodarczyk M, Nowicka G (2012) XPD gene rs13181 polymorphism and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Biochem Genet 50:860\u2013870","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"5600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2003.12.042","volume":"149","author":"H Norppa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Norppa H (2004) Cytogenetic biomarkers and genetic polymorphisms. Toxicol Lett 149:309\u2013334","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"5600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2007.08.006","volume":"7","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Yang H, Chen Q, Lin J, Grossman HB, Dinney CP, Wu X, Gu J (2008) Modulation of DNA damage\/DNA repair capacity by XPC polymorphisms. DNA Repair 7:141\u2013148","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"5600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgr258","volume":"33","author":"KH Barry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barry KH, Koutros S, Andreotti G, Sandler DP, Burdette LA, Yeager M, Freeman LEB, Lubin JH, Ma X, Zheng T, Alavanja MC, Berndt SI (2011) Genetic variation in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes pesticide exposure and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 33:331\u2013337","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0","volume":"175","author":"NP Singh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL (1988) A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175:184\u2013191","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"5600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2004.07.013","volume":"564","author":"CH Chuang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chuang CH, Hu ML (2004) Use of whole blood directly for single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay in vivo and white blood cells for in vitro assay. Mutat Res 564:75\u201382","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"5600_CR29","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Green MR (2012) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York"},{"key":"5600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.10.1821","volume":"21","author":"SG Khan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Khan SG, Metter EJ, Tarone RE, Bohr VA, Grossman L, Hedayati M, Bale SJ, Emmert S, Kraemer KH (2000) A new xeroderma pigmentosum group C poly (AT) insertion\/deletion polymorphism. Carcinogenesis 21:1821\u20131825","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgq250","volume":"32","author":"X Jiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiao X, Ren J, Chen H, Ma J, Rao S, Huang K, Wu S, Fu J, Su X, Luo C, Shi J, Broelsch CE (2011) Ala499Val (C>T) and Lys939Gln (A>C) polymorphisms of the XPC gene: their correlation with the risk of primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma\u2013a case-control study in China. Carcinogenesis 32:496\u2013501","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-162","volume":"7","author":"MF Lopez-Cima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lopez-Cima MF, Gonz\u00e1lez-Arriaga P, Garc\u00eda-Castro L, Pascual T, Marron MG, Puente XS, Tardon A (2007) Polymorphisms in XPC, XPD, XRCC1, and XRCC3 DNA repair genes and lung cancer risk in a population of northern Spain. BMC Cancer 7:162","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"5600_CR33","first-page":"1513","volume":"11","author":"EL Goode","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goode EL, Ulrich CM, Potter JD (2002) Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and associations with cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:1513\u20131530","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"5600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6632","volume":"111","author":"WW Au","year":"2003","unstructured":"Au WW, Salama SA, Sierra-Torres CH (2003) Functional characterization of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes using cytogenetic challenge assays. Environ Health Perspect 111:1843\u20131850","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"5600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1378-x","volume":"39","author":"M Wlodarczyk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wlodarczyk M, Nowicka G (2012) Common polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and XPD genes and endogenous DNA damage. Mol Biol Rep 39:5699\u20135704","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T23:15:31Z","timestamp":1624058131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05600-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) of Sri Guru Granth World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab (SGGSWU\/IEC\/2015\/02).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}