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In most cases, it can manifest as a subclinical condition named chondrocalcinosis, often revealed by joint x-ray examination. In other cases, deposition can cause flares of arthritis, known as acute CPP crystal arthritis. In the last few years, many pathogenic pathways have been discovered. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CPPD disease, both as a mediator of inflammatory response to crystals and as a promoter of damage to articular cartilage. In this review, we investigated the role of IL-1R inhibitor, such as Anakinra, as an alternative to the various therapeutic strategies for CPPD disease, especially among patients resistant to traditional treatment with NSAIDs, corticosteroids and colchicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06457-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T16:46:55Z","timestamp":1622566015000},"page":"4789-4796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The role of Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a treatment option in calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4930-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Altomare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Addolorata","family":"Corrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Maruotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Paolo","family":"Cantatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"6457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1511117","volume":"374","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Ryan LM, Campion EW (2016) Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. 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