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As such, they are generally associated with fibrotic liver diseases. HSCs become \u201cactivated\u201d in response to tissue damage or pathogen invasion, a process most commonly driven by transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21). Despite this, the full extent of TGF-\u03b21 signalling in these cells is poorly understood. Clarifying the range and diversity of this signalling will further improve our understanding of the process of HSC activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RNA sequencing was used to quantitate the transcriptomic changes induced in LX-2 cells, an activated human HSC line, following TGF-b1 treatment. In total, 5,258 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed with a false discovery rate cut-off of &lt; 0.1. The topmost deregulated of these genes included those with no currently characterised role in either HSC activation or fibrotic processes, including CIITA and SERPINB2.\n                      <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis revealed the prominent signalling pathways downstream of TGF-\u03b21 in LX-2 cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we describe the genes and signalling pathways significantly deregulated in LX-2 cells following TGF-\u03b21 treatment. We identified several highly deregulated genes with no currently characterised role in HSC activation, which may represent novel mediators of fibrotic responses in HSCs or the liver macroenvironment. This work may be of use in the identification of new markers of liver fibrosis and could provide insight into prospective genes or pathways that might be targeted for the amelioration of fibrotic liver disease in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06774-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T01:02:47Z","timestamp":1634173367000},"page":"7677-7688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["RNA sequencing of LX-2 cells treated with TGF-\u03b21 identifies genes associated with hepatic stellate cell activation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack P.","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant A.","family":"Ramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey N.","family":"Gobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"6774_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111419","volume":"8","author":"B Dewidar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dewidar B, Meyer C, Dooley S, Meindl-Beinker N (2019) TGF-\u03b2 in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis. 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