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This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in sheep and goat faeces.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 53 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the <jats:italic>uidA<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-D glucuronidase] gene. The Shiga toxin genes <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>1 and <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>2, as well as <jats:italic>bfp<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>vir<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>lt<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aaf<\/jats:italic>II virulence genes, were detected in this study. Of the 53 isolates confirmed to be STEC, 100% were positive for <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic> and 47.2% for <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic>. Three isolates possessed a combination of <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>1\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>2\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>A, while four isolates harboured <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>1\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>2\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>vir<\/jats:italic> virulence genes. The isolates displayed phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against erythromycin (66.04%), colistin sulphate (43.4%), chloramphenicol (9.4%) and ciprofloxacin (1.9%). A total of 28.8% of the strains were phenotypically considered ESBL producers and contained the beta-lactamase <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>CTX-M-9<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>CTX-M-25<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub> gene groups. A larger proportion of the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains (86.8%) contained the antibiotic sulphonamide resistant (<jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>II) gene, while 62.3%, 62.3%, 52.8%, 43.4%, 41.5%, 20.8%, 18.9%, 11.3%, 11.3%, 9.4%, 9.4% and 5.7% possessed <jats:italic>mcr-4, floR, mcr-1, tet<\/jats:italic>(A), <jats:italic>sulI, tet<\/jats:italic>(O), <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>(W), <jats:italic>parC, mcr-2, ampC 5, qnrS<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ermB<\/jats:italic> genes, respectively. Thirteen isolates of the ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were considered multi-drug resistant (MDR). One Shiga toxin (<jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic>) and two beta-lactamase genes (<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>CTX-M-9<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>CTX-M-25<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub> groups) were present in 16 isolates. In conclusion, the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from the small stock in this study contained a large array of high antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings highlight the importance of sheep and goats as sources of virulence genes and MDR <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. From a public health and veterinary medicine perspective, the characterization of ESBL producers originating from small livestock (sheep and goats) is crucial due to their close contact with humans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08987-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1704204161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Molecular detection of Shiga toxin and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep and goats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Tsepo","family":"Ramatla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mpho","family":"Tutubala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tshepang","family":"Motlhaping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"de Wet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prudent","family":"Mokgokong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriel","family":"Thekisoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kgaugelo","family":"Lekota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"8987_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10126235","volume":"10","author":"N Allocati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allocati N, Masulli M, Alexeyev MF, Di Ilio C (2013) Escherichia coli in Europe: an overview. 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