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Serum, semen and tissue samples were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lower testosterone levels, higher levels of MDA, and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity in serum, as well as impaired semen quality and a disturbed histopathological picture of both the testis and seminal glands, were all observed as significant negative effects of dexamethasone. These findings were confirmed by lower gene expression profiles of CYP11A1, <jats:italic>StAR<\/jats:italic>, HSD-3b, <jats:italic>Nrf-2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ACTB<\/jats:italic>-3b in testicular and seminal gland tissues. The most powerful anti-dexamethasone effects were obtained with either propolis in nanoform or conventional ginseng.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Propolis nano-formulation and ginseng in conventional form could be considered excellent candidates to ameliorate the oxidative stress provoked by dexamethasone, however, neither nano-ginseng nor conventional propolis showed such effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08991-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T15:02:37Z","timestamp":1704380557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Physiological roles of propolis and red ginseng nanoplatforms in alleviating dexamethasone-induced male reproductive challenges in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Rabie L. 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