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However, the biology of metacaspases in <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> \u2212 the second most prevalent and most widespread human malaria parasite worldwide, whose occurrence of chemoresistance has been reported in many endemic countries, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to address, for the first time, the expression pattern of metacaspases in <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> parasites.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> blood-stage parasites were obtained from malaria patients in the Brazilian Amazon and the expression of the three putative <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> metacaspases (<jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>MCA1-3) was detected in all isolates by quantitative PCR assay. Of note, the expression levels of each <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>MCA varied noticeably across isolates, which presented different frequencies of parasite forms, supporting that <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>MCAs may be expressed in a stage-specific manner as previously shown in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The detection of metacaspases in <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> blood-stage parasites reported herein, allows the inclusion of these proteases as a potential candidate drug target for vivax malaria, while further investigations are still required to evaluate the activity, role and essentiality of metacaspases in <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> biology.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09538-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:01:51Z","timestamp":1714384911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Profile of metacaspase gene expression in Plasmodium vivax field isolates from the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Carolina Moreira","family":"Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo Amorim dos Santos","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla da Costa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Souza de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josu\u00e9 da Costa","family":"Lima-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie Costa Pinto","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian Rose","family":"Pratt-Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Tadeu","family":"Daniel-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Renato Rivas","family":"Totino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"9538_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz082","volume":"70","author":"M Klemen\u010di\u010d","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klemen\u010di\u010d M, Funk C (2019) Evolution and structural diversity of metacaspases. 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