{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T13:15:15Z","timestamp":1782134115880,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Science Center","award":["Grant No. 2019\/03\/X\/NZ7\/00460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2019\/03\/X\/NZ7\/00460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One of the probable causes of statin myotoxicity is an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. These processes are regulated by the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway and the ubiquitin\u2012proteasome system (UPS). The aim of this study was to assess whether the effects of atorvastatin on PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway downstream proteins, the FoxO3a transcription factor and the UPS genes, i.e., MuRF-1 and MAFbx, depend on muscle fibre type.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Atorvastatin (50\u00a0mg\/kg) was administered to Wistar rats. The levels of selected PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway proteins were assayed via Western blotting, whereas MuRF-1, MAFbx and FoxO3a mRNA levels were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2012qPCR). Gom\u00f6ri trichrome staining was performed to assess skeletal muscle pathology. A decrease in the P-Akt\/Akt ratio was observed in the gastrocnemius muscle (MG), whereas an increase in the P-Akt\/Akt ratio was observed in the soleus muscle (SOL). FoxO3a gene expression increased in the SOL and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. MuRF-1 gene expression increased in the MG, and MAFbx expression increased in the EDL. No histopathological changes were observed in any of the tested muscles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the absence of overt muscle damage, atorvastatin decreased the P-Akt\/Akt ratio in the MG, indicating an increase in inactive Akt. Consistent with the decrease in Akt activation, rpS6 phosphorylation decreased. In SOL, atorvastatin increased the P-Akt\/Akt ratio, indicating Akt activation. P-FoxO3a and the P-FoxO3a\/FoxO3a ratio increased, suggesting that FoxO3a inactivation occurred. Moreover, in the SOL, atorvastatin did not affect the expression of atrophy-related genes. These findings indicate that atorvastatin has no adverse effect on the Akt pathway in the SOL. Our results showed that the effects of atorvastatin on the Akt signalling pathway and atrophy-related gene expression depend on muscle type.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-10005-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T17:02:54Z","timestamp":1729184574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Skeletal muscle fibre type-dependent effects of atorvastatin on the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signalling pathway and atrophy-related genes in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5009-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gawedzka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Knapik-Czajka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0998-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagoda","family":"Drag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Belczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9724-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Radwanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Adamek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"10005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782","volume":"124","author":"NC Ward","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ward NC, Watts GF, Eckel RH (2019) Statin toxicity. Circ Res 124:328\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.04.002","volume":"31","author":"A Matyori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matyori A, Brown CP, Ali A, Sherbeny F (2023) Statins utilization trends and expenditures in the U.S. before and after the implementation of the 2013 ACC\/AHA guidelines. Saudi Pharm J 31:795\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.04.002","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"10005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110707","volume":"124","author":"E Hoste","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoste E, Haufroid V, Deldicque L, Balligand JL, Elens L (2024) Atorvastatin-associated myotoxicity: a toxicokinetic review of pharmacogenetic associations to evaluate the feasibility of precision pharmacotherapy. Clin Biochem 124:110707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110707","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"10005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06651-6","volume":"36","author":"AM Mueller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mueller AM, Liakoni E, Schneider C, Burkard T, Jick SS, Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S, Meier CR, Spoendlin J (2021) The risk of muscular events among new users of hydrophilic and lipophilic statins: an Observational Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med 36(9):2639\u20132647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-06651-6","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.04.010","volume":"1853","author":"A Bonifacio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonifacio A, Sanvee GM, Bouitbir J, Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S (2015) The AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway plays a key role in statin-induced myotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1853:1841\u20131849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.04.010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042070","volume":"22","author":"GM Camerino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Camerino GM, Tarantino N, Canfora I, De Bellis M, Musumeci O, Pierno S (2021) Statin-Induced Myopathy: translational studies from preclinical to clinical evidence. Int J Mol Sci 22(4):2070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22042070","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128398","volume":"10","author":"CA Goodman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goodman CA, Pol D, Zacharewicz E, Lee-Young RS, Snow RJ, Russell AP, McConell GK (2015) Statin-induced increases in atrophy gene expression occur independently of changes in PGC1\u03b1 protein and mitochondrial content. PLoS ONE 10:e0128398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0128398","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.1.63-76.2006","volume":"26","author":"A Tzatsos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tzatsos A, Kandror KV (2006) Nutrients suppress phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt signaling via raptor-dependent mTOR-mediated insulin receptor substrate 1 phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 26:63\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.26.1.63-76.2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2017.06.003","volume":"65","author":"MA Hermida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hermida MA, Dinesh Kumar J, Leslie NR (2017) GSK3 and its interactions with the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling network. Adv Biol Regul 65:5\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbior.2017.06.003","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul"},{"key":"10005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.09.018","volume":"43","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Gout IT (2011) Functions and regulation of the 70\u00a0kDa ribosomal S6 kinases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:47\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.09.018","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.01.004","volume":"21","author":"RM Memmott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Memmott RM, Dennis PA (2009) Akt-dependent and independent mechanisms of mTOR regulation in cancer. Cell Signal 21:656\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.01.004","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00389.2016","author":"SH Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang SH, Lee HA, Kim M, Lee E, Sohn UD, Kim I (2017) Forkhead box O3 plays a role in skeletal muscle atrophy through expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00389.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00204.2014","volume":"307","author":"SC Bodine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bodine SC, Baehr LM (2014) Skeletal muscle atrophy and the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx\/atrogin-1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 307(6):E469\u2013E484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00204.2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.09.003","volume":"192","author":"K Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen K, Gao P, Li Z, Dai A, Yang M, Chen S, Su J, Deng Z, Li L (2022) Forkhead Box O signaling pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Pathol 192(12):1648\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.09.003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1078\/0065-1281-00660","volume":"104","author":"T Soukup","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soukup T, Zacharov\u00e1 G, Smerdu V (2002) Fibre type composition of soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles in normal female inbred Lewis rats. Acta Histochem 104(4):399\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1078\/0065-1281-00660","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13674","volume":"241","author":"G Santocildes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santocildes G, Merino M, Fabiani F, Pag\u00e8s T, Marotta M, Viscor G, Torrella JR (2022) Histomorphological and functional contralateral symmetry in the gastrocnemius muscles of the laboratory rat. J Anat 241(3):692\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13674","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001710303","volume":"171","author":"RB Armstrong","year":"1984","unstructured":"Armstrong RB, Phelps RO (1984) Muscle fiber type composition of the rat hindlimb. Am J Anat 171(3):259\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aja.1001710303","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623307311412","volume":"36","author":"FR Westwood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Westwood FR, Scott RC, Marsden AM, Bigley A, Randall K (2008) Rosuvastatin: characterization of induced myopathy in the rat. Toxicol Pathol 36:345\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623307311412","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230590908213","volume":"33","author":"FR Westwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Westwood FR, Bigley A, Randall K, Marsden AM, Scott RC (2005) Statin-induced muscle necrosis in the rat: distribution, development, and fibre selectivity. Toxicol Pathol 33:246\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01926230590908213","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.09.010","volume":"1840","author":"N Simsek Ozek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simsek Ozek N, Bal IB, Sara Y, Onur R, Severcan F (2014) Structural and functional characterization of simvastatin-induced myotoxicity in different skeletal muscles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1840:406\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.09.010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632016656186","volume":"29","author":"SS Elshama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elshama SS, El-Kenawy AE-M, Osman H-EH (2016) Curcumin improves atorvastatin-induced myotoxicity in rats: histopathological and biochemical evidence. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 29:742\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0394632016656186","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.32383\/appdr\/174241","volume":"80","author":"A Gawedzka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gawedzka A, Drag J, Knapik-Czajka M, Belczyk M, Szafran A, Szlachta I (2023) Skeletal muscle type-dependent effect of atorvastatin on FoxO3a and akt in hypercholesterolemic rats. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res 80(5):841\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32383\/appdr\/174241","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res"},{"key":"10005_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.24425\/fmc.2022.141705","volume":"62","author":"M Knapik-Czajka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Knapik-Czajka M, Gaw\u0119dzka A, Jurczyk M, Dr\u0105g J, Belczyk M, Aleksanrovych V, Gil A, Gil K (2022) The influence of 5-fluorouracil on the \u03b1-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in rat\u2019s cardiac muscle - a preliminary study. Folia Med Cracov 62:27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/fmc.2022.141705","journal-title":"Folia Med Cracov"},{"key":"10005_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10009","volume":"23","author":"DG Hardie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hardie DG, Hawley SA (2001) AMP-activated protein kinase: the energy charge hypothesis revisited. BioEssays 23:1112\u20131119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.10009","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"issue":"1","key":"10005_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11227-4","volume":"10","author":"P Castets","year":"2019","unstructured":"Castets P, Rion N, Th\u00e9odore M, Falcetta D, Lin S, Reischl M, Wild F, Gu\u00e9rard L, Eickhorst C, Brockhoff M, Guridi M, Ibebunjo C, Cruz J, Sinnreich M, Rudolf R, Glass DJ, R\u00fcegg MA (2019) mTORC1 and PKB\/Akt control the muscle response to denervation by regulating autophagy and HDAC4. Nat Commun 10(1):3187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11227-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10005_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00165","volume":"3","author":"L Vadlakonda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vadlakonda L, Dash A, Pasupuleti M, Anil Kumar K, Reddanna P (2013) The paradox of Akt-mTOR interactions. Front Oncol 3:165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2013.00165","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10005_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00009","volume":"137","author":"PS Phillips","year":"2002","unstructured":"Phillips PS, Haas RH, Bannykh S, Hathaway S, Gray NL, Kimura BJ, Vladutiu GD, England JD (2002) Statin-associated myopathy with normal creatine kinase levels. Ann Intern Med 137:581\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10005_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.164699","volume":"587","author":"JE Mallinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mallinson JE, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Sidaway J, Westwood FR, Greenhaff PL (2009) Blunted Akt\/FOXO signalling and activation of genes controlling atrophy and fuel use in statin myopathy. J Physiol 587(1):219\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.164699","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10005_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072292","volume":"9","author":"DY Seo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seo DY, Heo JW, No MH, Yoo SZ, Ko JR, Park DH, Kang JH, Kim CJ, Jung SJ, Han J, Kwak HB (2020) Exercise training protects against atorvastatin-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle of rats. J Clin Med 9:2292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9072292","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10005_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0352","volume":"5","author":"E Roudier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roudier E, Mistafa O, Stenius U (2006) Statins induce mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated inhibition of akt signaling and sensitize p53-deficient cells to cytostatic drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 5:2706\u20132715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0352","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10005_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.04.003","volume":"31","author":"I Ruvinsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruvinsky I, Meyuhas O (2006) Ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation: from protein synthesis to cell size. Trends Biochem Sci 31(6):342\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.04.003","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10005_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00107.2011","volume":"111","author":"J Bouitbir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouitbir J, Charles AL, Rasseneur L, Dufour S, Piquard F, Geny B, Zoll J (2011) Atorvastatin treatment reduces exercise capacities in rats: involvement of mitochondrial impairments and oxidative stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 111(5):1477\u20131483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00107.2011","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10005_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6190","volume":"24","author":"J Bouitbir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bouitbir J, Singh F, Charles AL, Schlagowski AI, Bonifacio A, Echaniz-Laguna A, Geny B, Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S, Zoll J (2016) Statins trigger mitochondrial reactive Oxygen species-Induced apoptosis in glycolytic skeletal muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal 24(2):84\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2014.6190","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10005_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.03.010","volume":"154","author":"J Bouitbir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouitbir J, Sanvee GM, Panajatovic MV, Singh F, Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S (2020) Mechanisms of statin-associated skeletal muscle-associated symptoms. Pharmacol Res 154:104201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.03.010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-024-10005-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-024-10005-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-024-10005-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T04:30:10Z","timestamp":1738729810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-024-10005-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-024-10005-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies on animals were in compliance with ethical standards of the institution in which the studies were conducted (First Local Ethics Committee on Animal Research in Krakow, Poland, Permission Number: 64\/2018) and with the approved legal acts of international organizations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1062"}}