{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:29:39Z","timestamp":1791725379260,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kuwait University College of Graduate Studies and Research Sector grants","award":["SRUL02\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRUL02\/13"]}]},{"name":"Kuwait University College of Graduate Studies and Research Sector grants","award":["YM07\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YM07\/16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10353-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T06:02:23Z","timestamp":1739599343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genomic characterization and identification of multiple drug resistance genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii through whole genome sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0752-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazima","family":"Habibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu Salim","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kother","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inaam","family":"Al-Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadha","family":"Alfouzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saif","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Wasif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diao H et al (2024) Risk factors for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection of patients admitted in ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hospital Infection","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.04.013"},{"issue":"52","key":"10353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2004.03.001","volume":"6","author":"P Nordmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nordmann P (2004) Acinetobacter baumannii, Le pathog\u00e8ne nosocomial par excellence. Pathol Biol (Paris) 6(52):301\u2013303","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030257","volume":"13","author":"T Karampatakis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Behzadi P (2024) Pan-genome plasticity and virulence factors: a natural treasure trove for Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics 13(3):257","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1086\/502205","volume":"24","author":"MV Villegas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Villegas MV, Hartstein AI (2003) Acinetobacter outbreaks, 1977\u20132000. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24(4):284\u2013295","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.3.563-602.1994","volume":"58","author":"MG Lorenz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lorenz MG, Wackernagel W (1994) Bacterial gene transfer by natural genetic transformation in the environment. Microbiol Rev 58(3):563\u2013602","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01464-06","volume":"51","author":"F Perez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perez F et al (2007) Global challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51(10):3471\u20133484","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1097\/MRM.0000000000000238","volume":"33","author":"N Bolourchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bolourchi N et al (2022) Clonal relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the Middle East: a systematic review. Reviews Res Med Microbiol 33(1):e48\u2013e56","journal-title":"Reviews Res Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00743","volume":"6","author":"L Vali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vali L et al (2015) Diversity of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii population in a major hospital in Kuwait. Front Microbiol 6:743","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"A-P Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos A-P et al (2012) Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(3):268\u2013281","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738034","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.738034","volume":"12","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zheng J, Zhang J (2022) Natural transformation in Acinetobacter baumannii W068: a genetic analysis reveals the involvements of the CRP, XcpV, XcpW, TsaP, and TonB2. Front Microbiol 12:738034","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0503-9","volume":"4","author":"S Hernando-Amado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hernando-Amado S et al (2019) Defining and combating antibiotic resistance from one health and Global Health perspectives. Nat Microbiol 4(9):1432\u20131442","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913917743881","volume":"138","author":"GV Asokan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asokan GV, Vanitha A (2018) WHO global priority pathogens list on antibiotic resistance: an urgent need for action to integrate one health data. Perspect Public Health 138(2):87\u201388","journal-title":"Perspect Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002244","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-002244","volume":"5","author":"NG AMR","year":"2020","unstructured":"AMR NG (2020) H.R.U.o.G.S.o., whole-genome sequencing as part of national and international surveillance programmes for antimicrobial resistance: a roadmap. BMJ Global Health 5(11):e002244","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.11.012","volume":"23","author":"M Ellington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ellington M et al (2017) The role of whole genome sequencing in antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria: report from the EUCAST Subcommittee. Clin Microbiol Infect 23(1):2\u201322","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091366","volume":"12","author":"HAA Sarawi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarawi HAA et al (2023) Antibiotic resistance mediated by Escherichia coli in Kuwait Marine Environment as revealed through genomic analysis. Antibiotics 12(9):1366","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10353_CR16","first-page":"e01144","volume":"4","author":"MW Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan MW et al (2016) Draft genome sequences of five clinical strains of Brucella melitensis isolated from patients residing in Kuwait. Genome Announcements 4(6):e01144\u2013e01116","journal-title":"Genome Announcements"},{"issue":"4","key":"10353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03117-13","volume":"52","author":"N Gordon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordon N et al (2014) Prediction of Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance by whole-genome sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 52(4):1182\u20131191","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01030-16","volume":"60","author":"PF McDermott","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDermott PF et al (2016) Whole-genome sequencing for detecting antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60(9):5515\u20135520","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10353_CR19","unstructured":"Andrews S (2010) FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. Available online. Retrieved May, 17: p. 2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","volume":"19","author":"A Bankevich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bankevich A et al (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19(5):455\u2013477","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"10353_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2336-6","volume":"19","author":"PT Clausen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clausen PT, Aarestrup FM, Lund O (2018) Rapid and precise alignment of raw reads against redundant databases with KMA. BMC Bioinformatics 19:1\u20138","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann T (2014) Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics 30(14):2068\u20132069","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"19","key":"10353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv351","volume":"31","author":"FA Sim\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sim\u00e3o FA et al (2015) BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs. Bioinformatics 31(19):3210\u20133212","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","volume":"75","author":"V Bortolaia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bortolaia V et al (2020) ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes. J Antimicrob Chemother 75(12):3491\u20133500","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10353_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa390","volume":"76","author":"MH Johansson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johansson MH et al (2021) Detection of mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica using a newly developed web tool: MobileElementFinder. J Antimicrob Chemother 76(1):101\u2013109","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W276","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz282","volume":"47","author":"M Alanjary","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alanjary M, Steinke K, Ziemert N (2019) AutoMLST: an automated web server for generating multi-locus species trees highlighting natural product potential. Nucleic Acids Res 47(W1):W276\u2013W282","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W443","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad382","volume":"51","author":"DS Wishart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wishart DS et al (2023) PHASTEST: faster than PHASTER, better than PHAST. Nucleic Acids Res 51(W1):W443\u2013W450","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10353_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocha IV et al (2024) Genetic profile and characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii post-COVID-19 pandemic: a study in a tertiary hospital in Recife, Brazil. J Appl Microbiol, 135(6)","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxae148"},{"key":"10353_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05413-7","volume":"14","author":"KE Ten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ten KE et al (2021) Characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC BAA1605 using whole-genome sequencing. BMC Res Notes 14:1\u20139","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1526-y","volume":"16","author":"WA Warner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Warner WA et al (2016) Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California, USA. BMC Infect Dis 16:1\u201313","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10353_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02190","DOI":"10.1128\/aac","volume":"62","author":"M Matsui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsui M et al (2018) Distribution and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii international clone II lineage in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62(2): p. 10.1128\/aac.02190\u201317.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10353_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00725","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00725-21","volume":"6","author":"D Jalal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jalal D et al (2021) Deciphering multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt. Msphere 6(6):e00725\u2013e00721","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01384-12","volume":"57","author":"RA Bonnin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonnin RA et al (2013) Wide dissemination of GES-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Kuwait. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57(1):183\u2013188","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.06.024","volume":"19","author":"EC Cl\u00edmaco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cl\u00edmaco EC et al (2013) Clonal complexes 104, 109 and 113 playing a major role in the dissemination of OXA-carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Southeast Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 19:127\u2013133","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10353_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01176","volume":"11","author":"NC Leal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leal NC et al (2020) Comparative genomics of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains from Brazil reveals polyclonal dissemination and selective exchange of mobile genetic elements associated with resistance genes. Front Microbiol 11:1176","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300352","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.15.2300352","volume":"29","author":"C Lasarte-Monterrubio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lasarte-Monterrubio C et al (2024) Epidemiology, resistance genomics and susceptibility of Acinetobacter species: results from the 2020 Spanish nationwide surveillance study. Eurosurveillance 29(15):2300352","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-1","volume":"10","author":"LL Dent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dent LL et al (2010) Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a descriptive study in a city hospital. BMC Infect Dis 10:1\u20137","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10353_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00570-08","volume":"52","author":"JM Adams-Haduch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adams-Haduch JM et al (2008) Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates at a tertiary medical center in Pennsylvania. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(11):3837\u20133843","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"26","key":"10353_CR39","first-page":"4467","volume":"5","author":"S Mostofi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mostofi S, Mirnejad R, Masjedian F (2011) Multi-drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from the clinical specimens of three hospitals in Tehran-Iran. Afr J Microbiol Res 5(26):4467\u20134470","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10353_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1197","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1197","volume":"10","author":"S Kunhikannan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kunhikannan S et al (2021) Environmental hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes. Microbiologyopen 10(3):e1197","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"issue":"6","key":"10353_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12871","volume":"31","author":"N Habibi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habibi N et al (2021) SARS-CoV\u20102, other respiratory viruses and bacteria in aerosols: Report from Kuwait\u2019s hospitals. Indoor Air 31(6):1815\u20131825","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10353_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibi N et al (2022) Bacterial and fungal communities in indoor aerosols from two Kuwaiti hospitals. Frontiers in Microbiology, p 2770","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.955913"},{"issue":"1","key":"10353_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2021.100199","volume":"4","author":"N Habibi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Habibi N et al (2022) SARS-CoV-2 in hospital air as revealed by comprehensive respiratory viral panel sequencing. Infect Prev Pract 4(1):100199","journal-title":"Infect Prev Pract"},{"key":"10353_CR44","volume-title":"Environmental Resilience and Transformation in times of COVID-19","author":"N Habibi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habibi N et al (2021) A safe and effective sample Collection Method for Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosol samples. In: Arriola (ed) Environmental Resilience and Transformation in times of COVID-19. Elsevier, Editor. A.L.R.C.S.M.P.J.M.V.P.P.K.F."},{"issue":"7","key":"10353_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6756","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076756","volume":"24","author":"N Habibi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Habibi N et al (2023) Antibiotic resistance genes in Aerosols: baseline from Kuwait. Int J Mol Sci 24(7):6756","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10353_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000535983","volume":"33","author":"AS Mustafa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mustafa AS, Habibi N (2024) Spatial variations in the nasal microbiota of staff working in a healthcare-associated research core facility. Med Principles Pract 33(1):66\u201373","journal-title":"Med Principles Pract"},{"key":"10353_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202436188.177","volume":"36","author":"AM Algammal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Algammal AM, Behzadi P (2024) Antimicrobial resistance: a global public health concern that needs perspective combating strategies and new talented antibiotics. Discov Med 36:1911\u20131913","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10353_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01096.x","volume":"11","author":"S Brown","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown S, Amyes S (2005) The sequences of seven class D \u03b2-lactamases isolated from carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from four continents. Clin Microbiol Infect 11(4):326\u2013329","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10353_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01388-10","volume":"55","author":"S Coyne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coyne S, Courvalin P, P\u00e9richon B (2011) Efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter Spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55(3):947\u2013953","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10353-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10353-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10353-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T16:35:28Z","timestamp":1766853328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10353-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10353-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Health Sciences Centre and the project funding body (approval number YM07\/16), Kuwait University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"An informed consent was taken from all the patients upon their admission by the hospital authorities.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"233"}}