{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T06:01:14Z","timestamp":1766901674870,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10901-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T15:24:23Z","timestamp":1754580263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut microbiota and its derived metabolites as silent sculptors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development and potential guide for non-invasive clinical diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"El Bethel Lalthavel","family":"Hmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vindya","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himangshu","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachini","family":"Chandrasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabath","family":"Kumarasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirmali","family":"Wikramaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemanta Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00565-8","volume":"19","author":"EA Tsochatzis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsochatzis EA (2022) Natural history of NAFLD: knowns and unknowns. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 19:151\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-021-00565-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10901_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng W, Pei S, Wu J et al (2025) Cannabinoid-2 receptor depletion promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via disturbing gut microbiota and Tryptophan metabolism. Acta Pharmacol Sin 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-025-01495-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01495-w"},{"key":"10901_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030550","volume":"12","author":"W Bahitham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bahitham W, Alghamdi S, Omer I et al (2024) Double trouble: how Microbiome dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction drive Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease and Non-Alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 12:550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12030550","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10901_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47905-z","volume":"13","author":"S Abdollahiyan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdollahiyan S, Nabavi-Rad A, Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S et al (2023) Characterization of gut Microbiome composition in Iranian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 13:20584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-47905-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10901_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26991","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, He M, Yi X et al (2024) Short-chain fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new prospects for short-chain fatty acids as therapeutic targets. Heliyon 10:e26991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26991","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10901_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294826","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1294826","volume":"13","author":"Q Zhai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhai Q, Wu H, Zheng S et al (2023) Association between gut microbiota and NAFLD\/NASH: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1294826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1294826","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10901_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101143","volume":"50","author":"KK Bence","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bence KK, Birnbaum MJ (2021) Metabolic drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 50:101143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101143","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10901_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.14218\/GE.2022.00007","volume":"22","author":"X Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding X, Zhao Z, Liu S et al (2023) Chronic infection considerations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Gene Expr 22:192\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14218\/GE.2022.00007","journal-title":"Gene Expr"},{"key":"10901_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.01.003","volume":"5","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Xu M-J, Cai Y et al (2018) Neutrophil\u2013hepatic stellate cell interactions promote fibrosis in experimental steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:399\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.01.003","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10901_CR10","volume-title":"StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL)","author":"B Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma B, John S (2025) Hepatic cirrhosis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL). StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"10901_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102229","volume":"12","author":"K Somnay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Somnay K, Wadgaonkar P, Sridhar N et al (2024) Liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis: basic mechanisms and clinical perspectives. Biomedicines 12:2229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12102229","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10901_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01649-8","volume":"55","author":"H Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu H, Lin A, Kong M et al (2020) Intestinal Microbiome and NAFLD: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. J Gastroenterol 55:142\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-019-01649-8","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10901_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","volume":"13","author":"C Leung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leung C, Rivera L, Furness JB, Angus PW (2016) The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:412\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10901_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.029","volume":"76","author":"M Demir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demir M, Lang S, Hartmann P et al (2022) The fecal mycobiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 76:788\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.029","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10901_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0156-z","volume":"15","author":"EE Canfora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Canfora EE, Meex RCR, Venema K, Blaak EE (2019) Gut microbial metabolites in obesity, NAFLD and T2DM. Nat Rev Endocrinol 15:261\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-019-0156-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10901_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01804","volume":"8","author":"W Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu W, Lv L, Shi D et al (2017) Protective effect of Akkermansia muciniphila against immune-mediated liver injury in a mouse model. Front Microbiol 8:1804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01804","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10901_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034233","volume":"7","author":"YY Lam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lam YY, Ha CWY, Campbell CR et al (2012) Increased gut permeability and microbiota change associate with mesenteric fat inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS ONE 7:e34233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0034233","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10901_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21122","volume":"23","author":"YY Lam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lam YY, Ha CWY, Hoffmann JMA et al (2015) Effects of dietary fat profile on gut permeability and microbiota and their relationships with metabolic changes in mice. Obes (Silver Spring) 23:1429\u20131439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21122","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10901_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26093","volume":"57","author":"L Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu L, Baker SS, Gill C et al (2013) Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: a connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH. Hepatology 57:601\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.26093","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10901_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1715733","volume":"379","author":"D Fuster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fuster D, Samet JH (2018) Alcohol use in patients with chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 379:1251\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1715733","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10901_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061323","volume":"15","author":"A Gudan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gudan A, Koz\u0142owska-Petriczko K, Wunsch E et al (2023) Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: what do we know in 2023? Nutrients 15:1323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15061323","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10901_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245261","volume":"14","author":"A Gudan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gudan A, Jamio\u0142-Milc D, Hawry\u0142kowicz V et al (2022) The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases: NAFLD, NASH, fibrosis, Cirrhosis\u2014A systematic review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Nutrients 14:5261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14245261","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10901_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.24871\/2422023154-162","volume":"24","author":"U Maimunah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maimunah U, Soelistijo SA, Hadisuwarno W, Miftahussurur M (2023) Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current pathogenic paradigm and therapeutic aspect. Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Dig Endosc 24:154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24871\/2422023154-162","journal-title":"Indones J Gastroenterol Hepatol Dig Endosc"},{"key":"10901_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226922","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2226922","volume":"15","author":"M Koning","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koning M, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M, Meijnikman AS (2023) Targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiome-centered therapies. Gut Microbes 15:2226922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2226922","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10901_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52037-7","volume":"15","author":"S Duller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duller S, Vrbancic S, Szyd\u0142owski \u0141 et al (2024) Targeted isolation of methanobrevibacter strains from fecal samples expands the cultivated human archaeome. Nat Commun 15:7593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-52037-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10901_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li T, Coker OO, Sun Y et al (2024) Multi-Cohort Analysis reveals altered archaea in colorectal cancer fecal samples across populations. Gastroenterology 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.10.023","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.10.023"},{"key":"10901_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-023-00204-7","volume":"10","author":"N Weiland-Br\u00e4uer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weiland-Br\u00e4uer N (2023) Symbiotic interactions of archaea in animal and human microbiomes. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 10:161\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40588-023-00204-7","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"10901_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0407-y","volume":"18","author":"G Borrel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borrel G, Brug\u00e8re J-F, Gribaldo S et al (2020) The host-associated archaeome. Nat Rev Microbiol 18:622\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-020-0407-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10901_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00354-w","volume":"22","author":"P Agbu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agbu P, Carthew RW (2021) MicroRNA-mediated regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 22:425\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-021-00354-w","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10901_CR30","unstructured":"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/8\/24-0181_article#r21"},{"key":"10901_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105026","volume":"91","author":"S Basak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basak S, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK (2022) Dietary fats and the gut microbiota: their impacts on lipid-induced metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 91:105026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105026","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"10901_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00614-x","volume":"53","author":"G Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park G, Jung S, Wellen KE, Jang C (2021) The interaction between the gut microbiota and dietary carbohydrates in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 53:809\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-021-00614-x","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10901_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061749","volume":"13","author":"M Zi\u0119tek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zi\u0119tek M, Celewicz Z, Kikut J, Szczuko M (2021) Implications of SCFAs on the parameters of the lipid and hepatic profile in pregnant women. Nutrients 13:1749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13061749","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10901_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2331-x","volume":"73","author":"S Ducheix","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ducheix S, Vegliante MC, Villani G et al (2016) Is hepatic lipogenesis fundamental for NAFLD\/NASH? A focus on the nuclear receptor coactivator PGC-1\u03b2. Cell Mol Life Sci 73:3809\u20133822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-016-2331-x","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10901_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.07.015","volume":"107","author":"JF White","year":"2017","unstructured":"White JF (2017) Syntrophic imbalance and the etiology of bacterial endoparasitism diseases. Med Hypotheses 107:14\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.07.015","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10901_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen L, Chen R, Wang H, Liang F (2015) Mechanisms linking inflammation to insulin resistance. Int J Endocrinol 2015(508409). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/508409","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/508409"},{"key":"10901_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.04.002","volume":"21","author":"GB Huffnagle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huffnagle GB, Noverr MC (2013) The emerging world of the fungal Microbiome. Trends Microbiol 21:334\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2013.04.002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10901_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2022.100178","volume":"14","author":"D Fotis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fotis D, Liu J, Dalamaga M (2022) Could gut mycobiome play a role in NAFLD pathogenesis? Insights and therapeutic perspectives. Metab Open 14:100178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metop.2022.100178","journal-title":"Metab Open"},{"key":"10901_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12665","volume":"39","author":"ZK Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang ZK, Yang YS, Stefka AT et al (2014) Review article: fungal microbiota and digestive diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 39:751\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12665","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10901_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/00362178585380391","volume":"23","author":"MJ Kennedy","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kennedy MJ, Volz PA (1985) Effect of various antibiotics on Gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination by Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 23:265\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00362178585380391","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"10901_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1053\/J.GASTRO.2005.01.046","volume":"128","author":"E Clark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clark E, Hoare C, Tanianis-Hughes J et al (2005) Interferon \u03b3 induces translocation of commensal Escherichia coli across gut epithelial cells via a lipid raft\u2013mediated process. Gastroenterology 128:1258\u20131267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/J.GASTRO.2005.01.046","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10901_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/S11605-021-05188-7","volume":"26","author":"L An","year":"2022","unstructured":"An L, Wirth U, Koch D et al (2022) The role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharides and the intestinal barrier in fatty liver diseases. J Gastrointest Surg 26:671\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11605-021-05188-7","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10901_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440111","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2440111","volume":"16","author":"H Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang H, Wang Q, Yang Y et al (2024) The mycobiome as integral part of the gut microbiome: crucial role of symbiotic fungi in health and disease. Gut Microbes 16:2440111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2024.2440111","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10901_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuaa060","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa060","volume":"45","author":"C d\u2019Enfert","year":"2021","unstructured":"d\u2019Enfert C, Kaune A-K, Alaban L-R et al (2021) The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Rev 45:fuaa060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa060","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10901_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020241","volume":"13","author":"A Pasta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pasta A, Formisano E, Calabrese F et al (2025) From dysbiosis to hepatic inflammation: A narrative review on the diet-microbiota-liver axis in steatotic liver disease. Microorganisms 13:241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13020241","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10901_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313170","volume":"67","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Liu EJ, Kheradman R et al (2018) Fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis. Gut 67:1146\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313170","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10901_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7980","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07980","volume":"5","author":"C Luan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luan C, Xie L, Yang X et al (2015) Dysbiosis of fungal microbiota in the intestinal mucosa of patients with colorectal adenomas. Sci Rep 5:7980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep07980","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10901_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23073","volume":"29","author":"N You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You N, Xu J, Wang L et al (2021) Fecal fungi dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity 29:350\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.23073","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10901_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-023-00213-6","volume":"11","author":"F Sadeghpour Heravi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sadeghpour Heravi F (2024) Gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, treatment, challenges, and future recommendations. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 11:18\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40588-023-00213-6","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"10901_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06607-1","volume":"9","author":"L Kasper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasper L, K\u00f6nig A, Koenig P-A et al (2018) The fungal peptide toxin Candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes. Nat Commun 9:4260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06607-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10901_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0674-6","volume":"41","author":"Y Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Y, Hua M, Cui X (2018) Fungal \u03b2-Glucan activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human bronchial epithelial cells through ROS production. Inflammation 41:164\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-017-0674-6","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10901_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0167-x","volume":"6","author":"D Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng D, Liwinski T, Elinav E (2020) Inflammasome activation and regulation: toward a better Understanding of complex mechanisms. Cell Discov 6:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41421-020-0167-x","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"10901_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19267","volume":"119","author":"K Cope","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cope K, Risby T, Diehl AM (2000) Increased Gastrointestinal ethanol production in obese mice: implications for fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 119:1340\u20131347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/gast.2000.19267","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10901_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020174","volume":"10","author":"JC Arroyave-Ospina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arroyave-Ospina JC, Wu Z, Geng Y, Moshage H (2021) Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for prevention and therapy. Antioxidants 10:174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10020174","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10901_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060803","volume":"17","author":"L Adinolfi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adinolfi L, Rinaldi L, Guerrera B et al (2016) NAFLD and NASH in HCV infection: prevalence and significance in hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Int J Mol Sci 17:803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17060803","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10901_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83491-0","volume":"89","author":"J-K Oem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oem J-K, Jackel-Cram C, Li Y-P et al (2008) Activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase transcription by hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 2. J Gen Virol 89:1225\u20131230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.83491-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10901_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0396com","volume":"16","author":"G Perlemuter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perlemuter G, Sabile A, Letteron P et al (2002) Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity and very low density lipoprotein secretion: a model of viral-related steatosis. FASEB J 16:185\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.01-0396com","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10901_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khatun M, Ray R, Ray RB (2021) Chapter Three - Hepatitis C virus associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Sarkar D, Fisher PBBT-A in CR (eds) Mechanisms and Therapy of Liver Cancer. Academic Press, pp 103\u2013142","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.10.003"},{"key":"10901_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188829","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1188829","volume":"14","author":"IJ de Deus","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Deus IJ, Martins-Silva AF, de Fagundes MM A, et al (2023) Role of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in hepatic insulin resistance and the ameliorative effect of phytochemical intervention. Front Pharmacol 14:1188829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1188829","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10901_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010128","volume":"20","author":"H Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu H, Li X, Adams H et al (2018) Etiology of metabolic syndrome and dietary intervention. Int J Mol Sci 20:128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20010128","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10901_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G847","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00522.2005","volume":"290","author":"J Choi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Choi J, Ou J-HJ (2006) Mechanisms of liver injury. III. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290:G847\u2013G851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00522.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10901_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37481","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506412200","volume":"280","author":"M Korenaga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Korenaga M, Wang T, Li Y et al (2005) Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits mitochondrial electron transport and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. J Biol Chem 280:37481\u201337488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M506412200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10901_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-009-9158-6","volume":"3","author":"P Muriel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muriel P (2009) Role of free radicals in liver diseases. Hepatol Int 3:526\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-009-9158-6","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10901_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1197759","volume":"17","author":"V Mansuy-Aubert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mansuy-Aubert V, Ravussin Y (2023) Short chain fatty acids: the messengers from down below. Front Neurosci 17:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1197759","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10901_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1110235","volume":"13","author":"P Chalova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chalova P, Tazky A, Skultety L et al (2023) Determination of short-chain fatty acids as putative biomarkers of cancer diseases by modern analytical strategies and tools: a review. Front Oncol 13:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1110235","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10901_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14185","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14185","volume":"20","author":"M Bertolotti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bertolotti M, Lonardo A, Mussi C et al (2014) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and aging: epidemiology to management. World J Gastroenterol 20:14185\u201314204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14185","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10901_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618804444","volume":"6","author":"M Rau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rau M, Rehman A, Dittrich M et al (2018) Fecal SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in gut Microbiome of human NAFLD as a putative link to systemic T-cell activation and advanced disease. United Eur Gastroenterol J 6:1496\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050640618804444","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"10901_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307913","volume":"64","author":"ES Chambers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A et al (2015) Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. Gut 64:1744\u20131754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307913","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10901_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13742","volume":"32","author":"D Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou D, Pan Q, Liu X-L et al (2017) Clostridium Butyricum B1 alleviates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice via enterohepatic immunoregulation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 32:1640\u20131648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13742","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10901_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000250014.92242.f3","volume":"61","author":"L Peng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peng L, He Z, Chen W et al (2007) Effects of butyrate on intestinal barrier function in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier. Pediatr Res 61:37\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/01.pdr.0000250014.92242.f3","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10901_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00226","volume":"4","author":"R Schilderink","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schilderink R, Verseijden C, de Jonge WJ (2013) Dietary inhibitors of histone deacetylases in intestinal immunity and homeostasis. Front Immunol 4:226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00226","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10901_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12856","volume":"295","author":"LM Sipe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sipe LM, Chaib M, Pingili AK et al (2020) Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: how microbially modified metabolites shape anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev 295:220\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12856","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10901_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14453","volume":"40","author":"LA Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams LA, Wang Z, Liddle C et al (2020) Bile acids associate with specific gut microbiota, low-level alcohol consumption and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver 40:1356\u20131365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14453","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"key":"10901_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11225","volume":"487","author":"S Devkota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devkota S, Wang Y, Musch MW et al (2012) Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-\/- mice. Nature 487:104\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11225","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10901_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.47","volume":"37","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen X, Li L, Guan Y et al (2016) Anticancer strategies based on the metabolic profile of tumor cells: therapeutic targeting of the Warburg effect. Acta Pharmacol Sin 37:1013\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aps.2016.47","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10901_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02481","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02481-14","volume":"6","author":"KA Romano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Romano KA, Vivas EI, Amador-Noguez D, Rey FE (2015) Intestinal microbiota composition modulates choline bioavailability from diet and accumulation of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide. MBio 6:e02481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.02481-14","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10901_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19076","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19076","volume":"6","author":"Y Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou R et al (2016) Associations of gut-flora-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine and choline with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. Sci Rep 6:19076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep19076","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10901_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0061-3","volume":"24","author":"L Hoyles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoyles L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Real J-M, Federici M et al (2018) Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women. Nat Med 24:1070\u20131080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0061-3","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10901_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barrea L, Annunziata G, Muscogiuri G et al (2018) Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as novel potential biomarker of early predictors of metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 10(1971). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10121971","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121971"},{"key":"10901_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1900257","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900257","volume":"63","author":"X Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan X, Liu Y, Long J et al (2019) Trimethylamine N-Oxide aggravates liver steatosis through modulation of bile acid metabolism and Inhibition of farnesoid X receptor signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 63:e1900257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201900257","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10901_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0128-1","volume":"24","author":"AB Roberts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roberts AB, Gu X, Buffa JA et al (2018) Development of a gut microbe\u2013targeted nonlethal therapeutic to inhibit thrombosis potential. Nat Med 24:1407\u20131417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0128-1","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10901_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","volume":"17","author":"J Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aron-Wisnewsky J, Vigliotti C, Witjes J et al (2020) Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:279\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10901_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0153","volume":"68","author":"J Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia J, Dou P, Gao M et al (2019) Assessment of causal direction between gut microbiota\u2013dependent metabolites and cardiometabolic health: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Diabetes 68:1747\u20131755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db19-0153","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10901_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.010","volume":"33","author":"SR Sharpton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharpton SR, Schnabl B, Knight R, Loomba R (2021) Current concepts, opportunities, and challenges of gut microbiome-based personalized medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab 33:21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.010","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10901_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/LIV.12531","volume":"35","author":"U Vespasiani-Gentilucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Carotti S, Perrone G et al (2015) Hepatic toll-like receptor 4 expression is associated with portal inflammation and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Liver Int 35:569\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/LIV.12531;PAGEGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10901_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2016\/asset","volume":"311","author":"M Guerville","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guerville M, Boudry G (2016) Gastrointestinal and hepatic mechanisms limiting entry and dissemination of lipopolysaccharide into the systemic circulation. Am J Physiol - Gastrointest Liver Physiol 311:G1\u2013G15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2016\/asset\/images\/large\/zh30111671300003.jpeg.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10901_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12092762","volume":"12","author":"D Ferro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferro D, Baratta F, Pastori D et al (2020) New insights into the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides and oxidative stress. Nutrients 12:2762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU12092762","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10901_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FEBSLET.2012.04.018","volume":"586","author":"K Bandow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bandow K, Kusuyama J, Shamoto M et al (2012) LPS-induced chemokine expression in both MyD88-dependent and -independent manners is regulated by Cot\/Tpl2-ERK axis in macrophages. FEBS Lett 586:1540\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FEBSLET.2012.04.018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10901_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/S00018-020-03656-Y","volume":"78","author":"A Ciesielska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ciesielska A, Matyjek M, Kwiatkowska K (2020) TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci C 78:1233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00018-020-03656-Y","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci C"},{"key":"10901_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM7060120","volume":"7","author":"N Rodrigo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodrigo N, Glastras SJ (2018) The emerging role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Med 7:120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM7060120","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10901_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041896","volume":"389","author":"BL Knight","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knight BL, Hebbach A, Hauton D et al (2005) A role for PPAR\u03b1 in the control of SREBP activity and lipid synthesis in the liver. Biochem J 389:421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BJ20041896","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10901_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","volume":"42","author":"YC Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu YC, Yeh WC, Ohashi PS (2008) LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine 42:145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10901_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/GENES12050645","volume":"12","author":"ED Dixon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dixon ED, Nardo AD, Claudel T, Trauner M (2021) The role of lipid sensing nuclear receptors (PPARs and LXR) and metabolic lipases in obesity, diabetes and NAFLD. Genes 12:645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/GENES12050645","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10901_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12180","volume":"71 7","author":"H Jang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jang H, Lee GY, Selby CP et al (2016) SREBP1c-CRY1 signalling represses hepatic glucose production by promoting FOXO1 degradation during refeeding. Nat Commun 2016 71 7:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms12180","journal-title":"Nat Commun 2016"},{"key":"10901_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12241","volume":"41","author":"J Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhuang Z, jie, Bian D, xue et al (2014) Toll-like receptor-4 signalling in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 41:482\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12241","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10901_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.3748\/WJG.V23.I35.6412","volume":"23","author":"CJ Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li CJ, Yang ZH, Shi XL, Liu DL (2017) Effects of aspirin and Enoxaparin in a rat model of liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 23:6419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/WJG.V23.I35.6412","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10901_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G554","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00223.2019","volume":"318","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM (2020) Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 318:G554\u2013G573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00223.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10901_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1","volume":"22","author":"S Pouwels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pouwels S, Sakran N, Graham Y et al (2022) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC Endocr Disord 22:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10901_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154259","volume":"111","author":"MT Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long MT, Gandhi S, Loomba R (2020) Advances in non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 111:154259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154259","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10901_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314307","volume":"67","author":"N Jiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiao N, Baker SS, Chapa-Rodriguez A et al (2018) Suppressed hepatic bile acid signalling despite elevated production of primary and secondary bile acids in NAFLD. Gut 67:1881\u20131891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314307","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10901_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16948","volume":"56","author":"A Rivera-Andrade","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rivera-Andrade A, Petrick JL, Alvarez CS et al (2022) Circulating bile acid concentrations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Guatemala. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 56:321\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.16948","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10901_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22627","volume":"49","author":"K-H Song","year":"2009","unstructured":"Song K-H, Li T, Owsley E et al (2009) Bile acids activate fibroblast growth factor 19 signaling in human hepatocytes to inhibit cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene expression. Hepatology 49:297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.22627","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10901_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiu002","volume":"91","author":"S Michail","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michail S, Lin M, Frey MR et al (2015) Altered gut microbial energy and metabolism in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 91:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsec\/fiu002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"10901_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S249949","volume":"13","author":"MA Hegazy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hegazy MA, Mogawer SM, Alnaggar ARLR, Diabetes et al (2020) Metab Syndr Obes 13:3861\u20133872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S249949","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Obes"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10901-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10901-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10901-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T04:27:39Z","timestamp":1766896059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10901-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10901-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0301-4851"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-4978"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"We, the undersigned authors, hereby give our formal consent for the publication of this work in this esteemed journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"800"}}