{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:42:17Z","timestamp":1773999737886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-11697-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T06:20:18Z","timestamp":1773987618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic insights into nicardipine\u2019s anti-colitic action: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuation of oxidative stress, and protection of the mucosal barrier"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Al-Joda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munaf H.","family":"Zalzala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.31351\/vol19iss2pp75-81","volume":"19","author":"Y Al-hurr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-hurr Y (2017) Development of modified release nicotine tablet formulation for treatment of ulcerative colitis. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 19(2):75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31351\/vol19iss2pp75-81","journal-title":"Iraqi J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"11697_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2023-0342","volume":"17","author":"NA Abood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abood NA, Kadhim DJ, Hussein RJ (2024) Medication-related burden among Iraqi patients with ulcerative colitis: a cross-sectional study. J Med Life 17(8):800\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25122\/jml-2023-0342","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020400","volume":"11","author":"A Ka\u0142u\u017cna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ka\u0142u\u017cna A, Olczyk P, Komosi\u0144ska-Vassev K (2022) The role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the pathogenesis and development of the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis. J Clin Med 11(2):400","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11697_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.03.022","volume":"22","author":"P Wetwittayakhlang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wetwittayakhlang P, Golovics PA, Gonczi L, Lakatos L, Lakatos PL, Kurti Z et al (2024) Stable incidence and risk factors of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a population-based cohort between 1977\u20132020. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 22(1):191\u20133.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.03.022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.31351\/vol32iss2pp33-40","volume":"32","author":"M Ameer Hussein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ameer Hussein M, Hashim Zalzala M (2023) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamic acid against dextran sodium sulfate induced ulcerative colitis in male mice. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 32(2):33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31351\/vol32iss2pp33-40","journal-title":"Iraqi J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR6","first-page":"81","volume":"3","author":"SB Hanauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hanauer SB, Present DH (2003) The state of the art in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 3(2):81\u201392","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"key":"11697_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01212","author":"T Imam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Imam T, Park S, Kaplan MH, Olson MR (2018) Effector T helper cell subsets in inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01212","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11697_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103017","volume":"21","author":"H Nakase","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakase H, Sato N, Mizuno N, Ikawa Y (2022) The influence of cytokines on the complex pathology of ulcerative colitis. Autoimmun Rev 21(3):103017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"11697_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2024.100177","volume":"6","author":"DA Atshan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atshan DA, Zalzala MH (2024) Papaverine attenuates the progression of alpha naphthylisothiocyanate induce cholestasis in rats. Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery 6:100177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crphar.2024.100177","journal-title":"Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"4","key":"11697_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.31351\/vol33iss4pp49-58","volume":"33","author":"D Alhilali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alhilali D, Mohammed S (2024) Genetic polymorphisms at TNF-alpha receptors associated some autoimmune diseases and response of anti-TNF biologics: review. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 33(4):49\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31351\/vol33iss4pp49-58","journal-title":"Iraqi J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"11697_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00317","author":"D Zaidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaidi D, Wine E (2018) Regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03ba\u03b2) in inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00317","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.31351\/vol28iss2pp180-185","volume":"28","author":"A M. Al-joda","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Al-joda A, Zalzala MH (2019) Inhibition of NF-kB pathway by Gggulsterone in the protective effects of cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN\u202f: 2521 - 3512) 28(2):180\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31351\/vol28iss2pp180-185","journal-title":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512)"},{"issue":"3","key":"11697_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/mib.0000000000000655","volume":"22","author":"MM Tambuwala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tambuwala MM (2015) Natural nuclear factor kappa beta inhibitors: safe therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22(3):719\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mib.0000000000000655","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"11697_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.09.022","volume":"17","author":"KM Sakthivel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakthivel KM, Guruvayoorappan C (2013) Amentoflavone inhibits iNOS, COX-2 expression and modulates cytokine profile, NF-\u03baB signal transduction pathways in rats with ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 17(3):907\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.09.022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G175","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90454.2008","volume":"296","author":"P Garg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garg P, Vijay-Kumar M, Wang L, Gewirtz AT, Merlin D, Sitaraman SV (2009) Matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated tissue injury overrides the protective effect of matrix metalloproteinase-2 during colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296(2):G175\u2013G84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.90454.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"11697_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.31351\/vol32issSuppl.pp33-41","volume":"32","author":"D Al-hoshary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-hoshary D, Munaf HZ (2023) Assessment of ellagic acid action in 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis: assessment of ellagic acid action in 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 32(Suppl.):33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31351\/vol32issSuppl.pp33-41","journal-title":"Iraqi J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11697_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae032","volume":"31","author":"A Swaminathan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Swaminathan A, Borichevsky GM, Frampton CM, Day AS, Hampton MB, Kettle AJ et al (2024) Comparison of fecal calprotectin and myeloperoxidase in predicting outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 31(1):28\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae032","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"11697_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500902885684","volume":"27","author":"A Valavanidis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valavanidis A, Thomais V, Fiotakis C (2009) 8-hydroxy-2\u2032 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG): a critical biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. J Environ Sci Health Part C 27(2):120\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10590500902885684","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health Part C"},{"issue":"8","key":"11697_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1080\/10641960802580190","volume":"30","author":"F Amenta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amenta F, Daniele T, Enea T, Fiorenzo M, Veglio F (2008) Nicardipine: a hypotensive dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist with a peculiar cerebrovascular profile. Clin Exp Hypertens 30(8):808\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10641960802580190","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"S1","key":"11697_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320708","volume":"32","author":"S Orrenius","year":"1992","unstructured":"Orrenius S, Burkitt MJ, Kass GEN, Dypbukt JM, Nicotera P (1992) Calcium ions and oxidative cell injury. Ann Neurol 32(S1):S33\u2013S42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410320708","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"11697_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000138932","volume":"44","author":"H G\u00fcrdal","year":"2008","unstructured":"G\u00fcrdal H, Sara Y, Tulunay C (2008) Effects of calcium channel blockers on formalin-induced nociception and inflammation in rats. Pharmacology 44(5):290\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000138932","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"11697_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091167","volume":"9","author":"B-R Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang B-R, Chang P-C, Yeh W-L, Lee C-H, Tsai C-F, Lin C et al (2014) Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine on microglial cells: implications for neuroprotection. PLoS One 9(3):e91167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0091167","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"11697_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411","volume":"18","author":"N du Percie Sert","year":"2020","unstructured":"du Percie Sert N, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ et al (2020) Reporting animal research: explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. PLoS Biol 18(7):e3000411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11697_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90290-H","volume":"98","author":"I Okayasu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Okayasu I, Hatakeyama S, Yamada M, Ohkusa T, Inagaki Y, Nakaya R (1990) A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 98(3):694\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90290-H","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"11697_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01273360","volume":"103","author":"M Gasior","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gasior M, Kami\u0144ski R, Brudniak T, Kleinrok Z, Czuczwar SJ (1996) Influence of nicardipine, nimodipine and flunarizine on the anticonvulsant efficacy of antiepileptics against pentylenetetrazol in mice. J Neural Transm 103(7):819\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01273360","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1","key":"11697_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2024.1.14","volume":"72","author":"DA Atshan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atshan DA, Zalzala MH (2024) Possible protective effect of nicardipine on ANIT induce cholestasis in rat. Farmacia 72(1):140\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31925\/farmacia.2024.1.14","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"issue":"10","key":"11697_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20489","volume":"14","author":"ML Clapper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clapper ML, Gary MA, Coudry RA, Litwin S, Chang W-C, Devarajan K et al (2008) 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibits colitis-associated colorectal dysplasias in the mouse model of azoxymethane\/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 14(10):1341\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.20489","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"11697_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanina H, Ekaputri TW (2021) Lipinwati. Clinical Assessment Using Disease Activity Index in Experimental Animal Model of Inflamatory Bowel Disease Induced Dextran Sulfate Sodium. Atlantis, pp 416\u2013420","DOI":"10.2991\/aer.k.210825.071"},{"issue":"42","key":"11697_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c03806","volume":"71","author":"F Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang F, Chen Y, Itagaki K, Zhu B, Lin Y, Song H et al (2023) Wheat germ-derived peptide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. J Agric Food Chem 71(42):15593\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c03806","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"11697_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040678","author":"A Stec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stec A, Maciejewska M, Zaremba M, Paralusz-Stec K, Michalska M, Rudnicka L et al (2023) The clinical significance of serum biomarkers of the intestinal barrier in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. J Pers Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13040678","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"11697_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111627","author":"G Balieiro Neto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balieiro Neto G, Engracia Filho JR, Budino FEL, Freitas AWP, Soares WVB (2023) Effects of high-biotin sample interference on antibody concentrations in sandwich immunoassays. Vaccines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11111627","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"11697_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030653","author":"MS Al-Naimi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Naimi MS, Abu-Raghif AR, Mansoor AFA, Fawzi HA (2025) Isofraxidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release in mice lung and liver tissues via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines13030653","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"11697_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61269-y","author":"ZA Hussein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hussein ZA, Abu-Raghif AR, Tahseen NJ, Rashed KA, Shaker NS, Fawzi HA (2024) Vinpocetine alleviated alveolar epithelial cells injury in experimental pulmonary fibrosis by targeting PPAR-\u03b3\/NLRP3\/NF-\u03baB and TGF-\u03b21\/Smad2\/3 pathways. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61269-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11697_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102204","author":"EM Shihab","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shihab EM, Abbas SN, Shareef SM, Hasan RJ, Alsaraf KM, Fawzi HA (2026) Azilsartan as a novel anti-ferriptotic agent via the upregulation of the Nrf2\/HO-1\/SLC7A11\/GPX4 axis and downregulation of inflammatory pathways in folic acid-induced acute kidney injury in male mice. Toxicol Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102204","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"11697_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500x.119726","volume":"4","author":"J Charan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Charan J, Kantharia ND (2013) How to calculate sample size in animal studies? J Pharmacol Pharmacother 4(4):303\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-500x.119726","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"11697_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64587-7","volume":"157","author":"SN Agoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Agoff SN, Brentnall TA, Crispin DA, Taylor SL, Raaka S, Haggitt RC et al (2000) The role of cyclooxygenase 2 in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia. Am J Pathol 157(3):737\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64587-7","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11697_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","volume":"9","author":"Q Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M et al (2024) NF-\u03baB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9(1):53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"11697_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mukherjee T, Kumar N, Chawla M, Philpott DJ, Basak S (2024) The NF-\u03baB signaling system in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Signal 17(818):eadh1641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.adh1641","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.adh1641"},{"key":"11697_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao D, Dong M, Dai C, Wu S (2019) Inflammation and inflammatory cytokine contribute to the initiation and development of ulcerative colitis and its associated cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 25(10):1595\u20131602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izz149","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz149"},{"key":"11697_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim JJ, Shajib MS, Manocha MM, Khan WI (2012) Investigating intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced model of IBD. J visualized experiments: JoVE 6010.3791\/3678","DOI":"10.3791\/3678-v"},{"issue":"4","key":"11697_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-014-0207-y","volume":"22","author":"N Goyal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goyal N, Rana A, Ahlawat A, Bijjem KRV, Kumar P (2014) Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Inflammopharmacology 22(4):219\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-014-0207-y","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"11697_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108616","volume":"93","author":"S Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li S, Wang T, Wu B, Fu W, Xu B, Pamuru RR et al (2021) Anthocyanin-containing purple potatoes ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 93:108616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108616","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"13","key":"11697_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310828","volume":"24","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, Li Y, Wang J, Zheng T, Wu C, Cui M et al (2023) Plant polyphenols attenuate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via antioxidation, anti-inflammation and microbiota regulation. Int J Mol Sci 24(13):10828","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"11697_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122571","volume":"9","author":"S Gancarcikova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gancarcikova S, Lauko S, Hrckova G, Andrejcakova Z, Hajduckova V, Madar M et al (2020) Innovative animal model of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in pseudo germ-free mice. Cells 9(12):2571","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"11697_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.10.013","volume":"47","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C (2010) L-type Ca2\u2009+\u2009channels: a new player in the regulation of Ca2\u2009+\u2009signaling, cell activation and cell survival in immune cells. Mol Immunol 47(4):640\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.10.013","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"11697_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2027-5","volume":"57","author":"I Masoodi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masoodi I, Kochhar R, Dutta U, Vaishnavi C, Prasad KK, Vaiphei K et al (2012) Evaluation of fecal myeloperoxidase as a biomarker of disease activity and severity in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 57(5):1336\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-012-2027-5","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11697_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01801-9","volume":"17","author":"MS Saddala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saddala MS, Lennikov A, Mukwaya A, Yang Y, Hill MA, Lagali N et al (2020) Discovery of novel L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blockers and application for the prevention of inflammation and angiogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 17(1):132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-020-01801-9","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"11","key":"11697_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118717","volume":"97","author":"GD Anderson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Anderson GD, Hauser SD, McGarity KL, Bremer ME, Isakson PC, Gregory SA (1996) Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 reverses inflammation and expression of COX-2 and interleukin 6 in rat adjuvant arthritis. J Clin Invest 97(11):2672\u20132679","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"11697_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.149411","volume":"695","author":"H Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu H, Zhang S, Li R, Ma C, Zhang Q, Xia F et al (2024) Berberine alleviates inflammation and suppresses PLA2-COX-2-PGE2-EP2 pathway through targeting gut microbiota in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 695:149411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.149411","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"11697_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06612.x","volume":"1258","author":"CW Teshima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teshima CW, Dieleman LA, Meddings JB (2012) Abnormal intestinal permeability in Crohn\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1258:159\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06612.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"11697_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225751","volume":"20","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang C, Guo C, Li X (2019) Chitosan ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving microflora. Int J Mol Sci 20(22):5751","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11697_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62441-0","volume":"14","author":"N Rezaie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rezaie N, Aghamohammad S, Haj Agha Gholizadeh Khiavi E, Khatami S, Sohrabi A, Rohani M (2024) The comparative anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of postbiotics and probiotics through Nrf-2 and NF-kB pathways in DSS-induced colitis model. Sci Rep 14(1):11560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-62441-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"11697_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171918","volume":"33","author":"JA Dykens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dykens JA (1998) Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine excretion as a non-invasive marker of neutrophil activation in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 33(6):628\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365529850171918","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"11697_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022986331231","volume":"16","author":"F Kouoh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kouoh F, Gressier B, Dine T, Luyckx M, Brunet C, Ballester L et al (2002) Antioxidant effects and anti-elastase activity of the calcium antagonist nicardipine on activated human and rabbit neutrophils\u2014a potential antiatherosclerotic property of calcium antagonists? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 16(6):515\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1022986331231","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11697-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11697-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11697-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T06:20:20Z","timestamp":1773987620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11697-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11697-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Research Ethics Committee of the University of Baghdad\u2019s College of Pharmacy officially authorized this study. All experimental procedures and tests were carried out in strict accordance with the approved guidelines, bearing the approval number \u201cRECO2202512A\u201d issued on May 7, 2024.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"523"}}