{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:13:05Z","timestamp":1793146385545,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003790","name":"Hiroshima University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examined the\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -derived lipopolysaccharide (\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS)-activated-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and its association with resistance to chemotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The OSCC cell lines OM-1 and HOC621 were used in this study. Cells were treated with\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS, TAK-242 as a TLR4 inhibitor, SC75741 as a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) inhibitor, and AH-6809 as a prostaglandin E2 (PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) receptor antagonist. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cytotoxicity was investigated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase that leaked from damaged cells. 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity was attenuated by\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS in OM-1 cells and HOC621 cells, although this attenuation was relieved by TAK-242, TLR4 siRNA knockdown, or SC75741.\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kB\/p65, and enhanced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression and PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      production in OM-1 cells. 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity was enhanced by AH-6809 in\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS-treated OM-1 cells. Furthermore,\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS-promoted cell migration was inhibited by TAK-242 or SC75741 in OM-1 cells. This study also involved an additional experiment focusing on CD44\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      OSCC cells. 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity was attenuated by\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS in amoeboid CD44\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      OM-1 cells when cultured on laminin-332-coated silicone gel. Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS enhanced cofilin-1 dephosphorylation and cell protrusion in amoeboid CD44\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      OM-1 cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS is involved in chemotherapy resistance of OM-1 cells by activating the TLR4\/NF-kB pathway, which promotes the migratory ability of these cells, and enhancing PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      autocrine signaling.\n                      <jats:italic>P. g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -LPS plays a vital role in OSCC cells\u2019 acquisition of a highly malignant phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-11713-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:40:48Z","timestamp":1774618848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide confers chemotherapy resistance and migratory ability on oral cancer cells by activating toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3258-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiteru","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0883-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideo","family":"Shigeishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9423-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sho","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Uetsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8011-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumie","family":"Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehiro","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3844-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kouji","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6906-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonao","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"11713_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13440","volume":"132","author":"R Nadaf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nadaf R, Kumbar VM, Ghagane S (2024) Unravelling the intricacies of Porphyromonas gingivalis: virulence factors, lifecycle dynamics and phytochemical interventions for periodontal disease management. APMIS 132:611\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.13440","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"11713_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01741.x","volume":"38","author":"TD Herath","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herath TD, Wang Y, Seneviratne CJ, Lu Q, Darveau RP, Wang CY, Jin L (2011) Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide lipid A heterogeneity differentially modulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human gingival fibroblasts. J Clin Periodontol 38:694\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01741.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"11713_CR3","unstructured":"Farhana A, Khan YS, Biochemistry L (2023) Apr 17. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554414\/"},{"key":"11713_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867328666210811145043","volume":"29","author":"R Afroz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Afroz R, Tanvir EM, Tania M, Fu J, Kamal MA, Khan MA (2022) LPS\/TLR4 Pathways in Breast Cancer: Insights into Cell Signalling. Curr Med Chem 29:2274\u20132289 https:\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867328666210811145043","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"11713_CR5","first-page":"3383","volume":"36","author":"YH Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung YH, Kim D (2016) Enhanced TLR4 Expression on Colon Cancer Cells After Chemotherapy Promotes Cell Survival and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Phosphorylation of GSK3\u03b2. Anticancer Res 36:3383\u20133394","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"11713_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01099.x","volume":"246","author":"JA DiDonato","year":"2012","unstructured":"DiDonato JA, Mercurio F, Karin M (2012) NF-\u03baB and the link between inflammation and cancer. Immunol Rev 246:379\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01099.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"11713_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.521161","volume":"289","author":"I Guijarro-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guijarro-Mu\u00f1oz I, Compte M, \u00c1lvarez-Cienfuegos A, \u00c1lvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L (2014) Lipopolysaccharide activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and proinflammatory response in human pericytes. J Biol Chem 289:2457\u20132468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M113.521161","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11713_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.906857","volume":"24","author":"W Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang W, Wang J (2018) Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)\/Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by NF-\u03baB Activation. Med Sci Monit 24:5588\u20135597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.906857","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"11713_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-015-0260-7","volume":"15","author":"B Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu B, Qu L, Yan S (2015) Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes tumor growth and suppresses tumor immunity. Cancer Cell Int 15:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-015-0260-7","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"11713_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9120434","volume":"9","author":"F Finetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finetti F, Travelli C, Ercoli J, Colombo G, Buoso E, Trabalzini L (2020) Prostaglandin E2 and Cancer: Insight into Tumor Progression and Immunity. Biology (Basel) 9:434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology9120434","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"11713_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.04.008","volume":"307","author":"H Shigeishi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shigeishi H, Higashikawa K, Hatano H, Okui G, Tanaka F, Tran TT, Rizqiawan A, Ono S, Tobiume K, Kamata N (2011) PGE\u2082 targets squamous cell carcinoma cell with the activated epidermal growth factor receptor family for survival against 5-fluorouracil through NR4A2 induction. Cancer Lett 307:227\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.04.008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"11713_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1059","volume":"71","author":"A Biddle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biddle A, Liang X, Gammon L, Fazil B, Harper LJ, Emich H, Costea DE, Mackenzie IC (2011) Cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma switch between two distinct phenotypes that are preferentially migratory or proliferative. Cancer Res 71:5317\u20135326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1059","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"11713_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12812","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12812","volume":"129","author":"S Yokoyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yokoyama S, Shigeishi H, Murodumi H, Sakuma M, Ono S, Tobiume K, Ohta K, Takechi M (2021) Effects of miR-224-5p-enhanced downregulation of pannexin-1 on docetaxel-induced apoptosis in amoeboid-like CD44high oral cancer cells. Eur J Oral Sci 129:e12812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eos.12812","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"11713_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67856","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67856","volume":"0","author":"MF Ullo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ullo MF, Logue JS (2021) ADF and cofilin-1 collaborate to promote cortical actin flow and the leader bleb-based migration of confined cells. Elife 0:e67856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.67856","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"11713_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010010","volume":"18","author":"S Shishkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shishkin S, Eremina L, Pashintseva N, Kovalev L, Kovaleva M (2016) Cofilin-1 and Other ADF\/Cofilin Superfamily Members in Human Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 18:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18010010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11713_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/s1368-8375(99)00020-2","volume":"35","author":"D Akanuma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akanuma D, Uzawa N, Yoshida MA, Negishi A, Amagasa T, Ikeuchi T (1999) Inactivation patterns of the p16 (INK4a) gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oral Oncol 35:476\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1368-8375(99)00020-2","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"11713_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00769.x","volume":"99","author":"T Imai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imai T, Toyota M, Suzuki H, Akino K, Ogi K, Sogabe Y, Kashima L, Maruyama R, Nojima M, Mita H, Sasaki Y, Itoh F, Imai K, Shinomura Y, Hiratsuka H, Tokino T (2008) Epigenetic inactivation of RASSF2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 99:958\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00769.x","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"11713_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12348","volume":"45","author":"S Seino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seino S, Shigeishi H, Hashikata M, Higashikawa K, Tobiume K, Uetsuki R, Ishida Y, Sasaki K, Naruse T, Rahman MZ, Ono S, Simasue H, Ohta K, Sugiyama M, Takechi M (2016) CD44(high) \/ALDH1(high) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells exhibit mesenchymal characteristics and GSK3\u03b2-dependent cancer stem cell properties. J Oral Pathol Med 45:180\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jop.12348","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"11713_CR19","first-page":"2356","volume":"11","author":"H Shigeishi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shigeishi H, Hashikata M, Yokoyama S, Sakuma M, Murozumi H, Kato H, Rahman MZ, Seino S, Ishioka Y, Ohta K, Takechi M, Sugiyama M (2018) CD44high\/ESAlow squamous cell carcinoma cell-derived prostaglandin E2 confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in CD44high\/ESAhigh cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 11:2356\u20132363","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"11713_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70007","DOI":"10.1002\/osi2.70007","volume":"22","author":"Y Yamashita","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamashita Y, Shigeishi H, Yokoyama S, Ono S, Aikawa T, Sugiyama M, Ohta K (2025) BECN1 is involved in spheroid formation and resistance to 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity in CD44high oral cancer cells. Oral Sci Int 22:e70007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/osi2.70007","journal-title":"Oral Sci Int"},{"key":"11713_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2010.08.008","volume":"41","author":"J Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang J, Jin LY, Ding JW, Zhou YQ, Yang J, Rui-Yang Li-li (2010) Expression of Toll-like receptor 4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its effects on patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Arch Med Res 41:423\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2010.08.008","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"11713_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.06.148","volume":"490","author":"G Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang G, Li J, Zhang L, Huang S, Zhao X, Zhao X (2017) Celecoxib induced apoptosis against different breast cancer cell lines by down-regulated NF-\u03baB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 490:969\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.06.148","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"11713_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.100099","volume":"87","author":"AA Mosher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mosher AA, Rainey KJ, Giembycz MA, Wood S, Slater DM (2012) Prostaglandin E2 represses interleukin 1 beta-induced inflammatory mediator output from pregnant human myometrial cells through the EP2 and EP4 receptors. Biol Reprod 87(7):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.112.100099","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"8","key":"11713_CR24","first-page":"2826","volume":"12","author":"H Shigeishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shigeishi H, Yokoyama S, Murodumi H, Sakuma M, Kato H, Higashikawa K, Takechi M, Ohta K, Sugiyama M (2019) Effect of hydrogel stiffness on morphology and gene expression pattern of CD44high oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 12(8):2826\u20132836","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"11713_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07307-0","volume":"20","author":"S Zargari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zargari S, Negahban Khameneh S, Rad A, Forghanifard MM (2020) MEIS1 promotes expression of stem cell markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 20:789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-020-07307-0","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"11713_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24545","volume":"114","author":"G Okui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okui G, Tobiume K, Rizqiawan A, Yamamoto K, Shigeishi H, Ono S, Higashikawa K, Kamata N (2013) AKT primes snail-induced EMT concomitantly with the collective migration of squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 114:2039\u20132049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.24545","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"11713_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13113","volume":"50","author":"S Yokoyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yokoyama S, Shigeishi H, Murodumi H, Sakuma M, Kato H, Higashikawa K, Ohta K, Sugiyama M, Takechi M (2021) TGF-\u03b21 induces amoeboid-to-mesenchymal transition of CD44high oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via miR-422a downregulation through ERK activation and Cofilin-1 phosphorylation. J Oral Pathol Med 50:155\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jop.13113","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"11713_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.018","volume":"45","author":"S Petti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petti S (2009) Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer. Oral Oncol 45:340\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.018","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"11713_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-023-02327-9","volume":"28","author":"H Shigeishi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shigeishi H (2023) Association between human papillomavirus and oral cancer: a literature review. Int J Clin Oncol 28:982\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-023-02327-9","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"11713_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32762","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v8.32762","volume":"8","author":"M Perera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perera M, Al-Hebshi NN, Speicher DJ, Perera I, Johnson NW (2016) Emerging role of bacteria in oral carcinogenesis: a review with special reference to perio-pathogenic bacteria. J Oral Microbiol 8:32762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/jom.v8.32762","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"11713_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9598","volume":"21","author":"H Shigeishi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shigeishi H, Su CY, Kaneyasu Y, Matsumura M, Nakamura M, Ishikawa M, Saito A, Ohta K, Sugiyama M (2021) Association of oral HPV16 infection with periodontal inflammation and the oral microbiome in older women. Exp Ther Med 21:167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2020.9598","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"11713_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/life13020324","volume":"13","author":"N Hamada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamada N, Shigeishi H, Oka I, Sasaki M, Kitasaki H, Nakamura M, Yano K, Wu CH, Kaneyasu Y, Maehara T, Sugiyama M, Ohta K (2023) Associations between Oral Human Herpesvirus-6 and \u2013\u20097 and Periodontal Conditions in Older Adults. Life (Basel) 13:324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13020324","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"11713_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4248\/IJOS11075","volume":"3","author":"J Katz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katz J, Onate MD, Pauley KM, Bhattacharyya I, Cha S (2011) Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 3:209\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4248\/IJOS11075","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"11713_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01580-6","volume":"21","author":"Q Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Q, Shao Z, Liu K, Zhou X, Wang L, Jiang E, Luo T, Shang Z (2021) Salivary Porphyromonas gingivalis predicts outcome in oral squamous cell carcinomas: a cohort study. BMC Oral Health 21:228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01580-6","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"11713_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12211","volume":"16","author":"H Inaba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inaba H, Sugita H, Kuboniwa M, Iwai S, Hamada M, Noda T, Morisaki I, Lamont RJ, Amano A (2014) Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma through induction of proMMP9 and its activation. Cell Microbiol 16:131\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cmi.12211","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11713_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.07.013","volume":"86","author":"NH Ha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ha NH, Park DG, Woo BH, Kim DJ, Choi JI, Park BS, Kim YD, Lee JH, Park HR (2016) Porphyromonas gingivalis increases the invasiveness of oral cancer cells by upregulating IL-8 and MMPs. Cytokine 86:64\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.07.013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"11713_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.3965-3970.2000","volume":"68","author":"JE Wang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wang JE, J\u00f8rgensen PF, Alml\u00f6f M, Thiemermann C, Foster SJ, Aasen AO, Solberg R (2000) Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus induce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 production in both T cells and monocytes in a human whole blood model. Infect Immun 68:3965\u20133970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.68.7.3965-3970.2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11713_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061637","volume":"11","author":"M Alqinyah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alqinyah M, Alhamed AS, Alnefaie HO, Algahtani MM, Badr AM, Albogami AM, Mohany M, Alassmrry YA, Alghaith AF, Alhamami HN, Alhazzani K, Alanazi AZ, Alsaidan OA (2023) Targeting Store-Operated Calcium Entry Regulates the Inflammation-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 11:1637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11061637","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"11713_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-012-1341-2","volume":"62","author":"K Hattar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hattar K, Savai R, Subtil FS, Wilhelm J, Schmall A, Lang DS, Goldmann T, Eul B, Dahlem G, Fink L, Schermuly RT, Banat GA, Sibelius U, Grimminger F, Vollmer E, Seeger W, Grandel U (2013) Endotoxin induces proliferation of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo: role of COX-2 and EGFR activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 62:309\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-012-1341-2","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"11713_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244088","volume":"11","author":"Z Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao Z, Weng X, Yu D, Pan Z, Zhao M, Cheng B, Li Z (2022) Porphyromonas gingivalis-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Migration via Activating Akt Signaling Pathways. Cells 11:4088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11244088","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"11713_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2017.1322253","volume":"12","author":"AA Abdulkareem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdulkareem AA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Cooper PR, Milward MR (2018) Periodontal pathogens promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. Cell Adh Migr 12:127\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19336918.2017.1322253","journal-title":"Cell Adh Migr"},{"key":"11713_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3523","volume":"49","author":"K Harada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harada K, Ferdous T, Harada T, Ueyama Y (2016) Metformin in combination with 5-fluorouracil suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting the Warburg effect in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 49:276\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo.2016.3523","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"11713_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11040596","volume":"11","author":"LR Ling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ling LR, Lin Z, Paolini R, Farah CS, McCullough M, Lim MAWT, Celentano A (2022) Commonly Prescribed Anticoagulants Exert Anticancer Effects in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. Biology (Basel) 11:596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11040596","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"11713_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2012.965","volume":"5","author":"EM Saleh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saleh EM, El-Awady RA, Anis N (2013) Predictive markers for the response to 5-fluorouracil therapy in cancer cells: Constant-field gel electrophoresis as a tool for prediction of response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 5:321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2012.965","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"11713_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-018-0008-2","volume":"4","author":"A Kumagai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumagai A, Iijima S, Nomiya T, Furuya I, Ohashi Y, Tsunoda K, Onodera K, Tsunoda N, Komatsu Y, Hirano T (2018) A pilot study of the clinical evidence for the methodology for prevention of oral mucositis during cancer chemotherapy by measuring salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil. BDJ Open 4:17041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41405-018-0008-2","journal-title":"BDJ Open"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11713-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11713-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11713-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:00:25Z","timestamp":1781643625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11713-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11713-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"551"}}