{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:07:43Z","timestamp":1775556463301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-11773-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1775554626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic role of Nrf2-Keap1 and JNK\/p38 MAPK signaling in mercury-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in monocytes\/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chohelee","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hillol","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashmin","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabanita","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moumita","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasturi","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahuya","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"11773_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119440","volume":"258","author":"P Saravanan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saravanan P et al (2024) Comprehensive review on toxic heavy metals in the aquatic system: sources, identification, treatment strategies, and health risk assessment. Environ Res 258:119440","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"11773_CR2","first-page":"104240","volume":"87","author":"L Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao L et al (2025) Astaxanthin ameliorates Cr (VI) accumulation, antioxidant, digestive, apoptosis and inflammatory response. Reg Stud Mar Sci 87:104240","journal-title":"Reg Stud Mar Sci"},{"key":"11773_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124280","volume":"355","author":"M-Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li M-Y et al (2024) Exploring Cr(VI)-induced blood-brain barrier injury and neurotoxicity in zebrafish and snakehead fish, and inhibiting toxic effects of astaxanthin. Environ Pollut 355:124280","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"11773_CR4","first-page":"102676","volume":"56","author":"Y-C Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi Y-C et al (2022) Hexavalent chromium-induced toxic effects on the hematology, redox state, and apoptosis in Cyprinus carpio. Reg Stud Mar Sci 56:102676","journal-title":"Reg Stud Mar Sci"},{"key":"11773_CR5","first-page":"109060","volume":"247","author":"Z Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu Z et al (2021) Bioflocs attenuate Mn-induced bioaccumulation, immunotoxic and oxidative stress via inhibiting GR-NF-\u03baB signalling pathway in Channa asiatica. Comp Biochem Physiol C: Toxicol Pharmacol 247:109060","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C: Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"11773_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15019","volume":"100","author":"SP Trivedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trivedi SP et al (2022) Mercuric chloride-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, haematological changes and histopathological alterations in fish Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). J Fish Biol 100(4):868\u2013883","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"11773_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2024.107594","volume":"267","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar A et al (2024) Mercury in the natural environment: Biogeochemical cycles and associated health risks. J Geochem Explor 267:107594","journal-title":"J Geochem Explor"},{"key":"11773_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/26395940.2021.1920468","volume":"33","author":"S Zulkipli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zulkipli S et al (2021) A review of mercury pathological effects on organs specific of fishes. Environ Pollutants Bioavailab 33:76\u201387","journal-title":"Environ Pollutants Bioavailab"},{"key":"11773_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33545\/26648865.2024.v6.i1a.21","author":"P Mondal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mondal P, Pal P (2024) Immunotoxicity caused by excessive mercury exposure: a brief overview. Int J Immunol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33545\/26648865.2024.v6.i1a.21","journal-title":"Int J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"11773_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-024-01121-7","volume":"86","author":"G Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh G, Sharma S (2024) Heavy metal contamination in fish: sources, mechanisms and consequences. Aquat Sci 86(4):107","journal-title":"Aquat Sci"},{"key":"11773_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2018.05.001","volume":"200","author":"Y Awasthi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Awasthi Y et al (2018) An in vivo analysis of Cr(6+) induced biochemical, genotoxicological and transcriptional profiling of genes related to oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in liver of fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Aquat Toxicol 200:158\u2013167","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"11773_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics7040058","volume":"7","author":"S Suhendrayatna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suhendrayatna S et al (2019) Toxicity and Organ Distribution of Mercury in Freshwater Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after Exposure to Water Contaminated Mercury (HgII). Toxics 7(4):58","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"11773_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.008","volume":"548\u2013549","author":"T Cappello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cappello T et al (2016) Insights into the mechanisms underlying mercury-induced oxidative stress in gills of wild fish (Liza aurata) combining 1H NMR metabolomics and conventional biochemical assays. Sci Total Environ 548\u2013549:13\u201324","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"11773_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nirchio M et al (2019) Genotoxic effects of mercury chloride on the Neotropical fish Andinoacara rivulatus (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini). Revista de Biolog\u00eda Tropical, p 67","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v67i4.34133"},{"issue":"3","key":"11773_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.01.013","volume":"238","author":"F Th\u00e9venod","year":"2009","unstructured":"Th\u00e9venod F (2009) Cadmium and cellular signaling cascades: to be or not to be? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 238(3):221\u2013239","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11773_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3934\/environsci.2017.3.386","volume":"4","author":"M Patricia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patricia M, Maria Angeles E, Alberto C (2017) Mercury and its toxic effects on fish. AIMS Environ Sci 4(3):386\u2013402","journal-title":"AIMS Environ Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"11773_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440903055353","volume":"39","author":"C Minoia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Minoia C et al (2009) Effects of mercury on the endocrine system. Crit Rev Toxicol 39(7):627","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"11773_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2026.743675","volume":"615","author":"Y-R Zhao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhao Y-R et al (2026) Targeting ACSL4: A potential strategy to alleviate deoxynivalenol-mediated intestinal ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression in Channa argus. Aquaculture 615:743675","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"11773_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737522","volume":"547","author":"Z Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Z et al (2022) Dietary Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide ameliorates the growth, immune response, and antioxidant status in association with NF-\u03baB, Nrf2 and TOR in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquaculture 547:737522","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"24","key":"11773_CR20","first-page":"312","volume":"8","author":"R Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li R, Jia Z, Zhu H (2019) Regulation of Nrf2 signaling. React Oxyg Species (Apex) 8(24):312\u2013322","journal-title":"React Oxyg Species (Apex)"},{"key":"11773_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1875397301105010001","volume":"5","author":"SO Simmons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simmons SO et al (2011) NRF2 oxidative stress induced by heavy metals is cell type dependent. Curr Chem genomics 5:1","journal-title":"Curr Chem genomics"},{"key":"11773_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.05.008","volume":"182","author":"A Ratn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ratn A et al (2017) Phorate induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and differential expression of p53, apaf-1 and cat genes in fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Chemosphere 182:382\u2013391","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"11773_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2017.09.022","volume":"192","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Z et al (2017) Effect of cadmium on oxidative stress and immune function of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by transcriptome analysis. Aquat Toxicol 192:171\u2013177","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"11773_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.01.002","volume":"110","author":"C Choudhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury C et al (2021) Cadmium exposure induces inflammation through the canonical NF-\u03ba\u0392 pathway in monocytes\/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch. Fish Shellfish Immunol 110:116\u2013126","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"11773_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(78)90161-5","volume":"16","author":"KV Sastry","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sastry KV, Gupta PK (1978) Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of Channa punctatus: a histopathological study. Environ Res 16(1\u20133):270\u2013278","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"11773_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das H et al (2025) Polyethylene glycol functionalization modulates the toxicity of zinc oxide quantum dots: a multilevel characterization and toxicological study of Channa punctatus Bloch. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04862-w"},{"key":"11773_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105739","volume":"231","author":"C Choudhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury C et al (2021) Cadmium induced oxystress alters Nrf2-Keap1 signaling and triggers apoptosis in piscine head kidney macrophages. Aquat Toxicol 231:105739","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"11773_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401013","volume":"9","author":"HA Anderson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderson HA et al (2002) Oxidative stress inhibits the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells that have externalized phosphatidylserine. Cell Death Differ 9(6):616\u2013625","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"9","key":"11773_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.100998","volume":"4","author":"T Mahmood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahmood T, Yang PC (2012) Western blot: technique, theory, and trouble shooting. N Am J Med Sci 4(9):429\u2013434","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"11773_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2024.02.006","volume":"50","author":"SA Mustafa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mustafa SA, Al-Rudainy AJ, Salman NM (2024) Effect of environmental pollutants on fish health: an overview. Egypt J Aquat Res 50(2):225\u2013233","journal-title":"Egypt J Aquat Res"},{"key":"11773_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2017.09.006","volume":"192","author":"R Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh R et al (2017) Chronic fluoride exposure exacerbates headkidney pathology and causes immune commotion in Clarias gariepinus. Aquat Toxicol 192:30\u201339","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"11773_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105739","volume":"231","author":"C Choudhury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choudhury C et al (2020) Cadmium induced oxystress alters Nrf2-Keap1 signaling and triggers apoptosis in piscine head kidney macrophages. Aquat Toxicol 231:105739","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"11773_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04478-w","author":"RA Bhat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhat RA et al (2024) Fate and effects of heavy metals in fishes: antioxidant defense system, miRNA\/gene expression response, and histopathological reproductive manifestations. Biol Trace Elem Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-024-04478-w","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"11773_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213343","volume":"417","author":"OP Ajsuvakova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ajsuvakova OP et al (2020) Sulfhydryl groups as targets of mercury toxicity. Coord Chem Rev 417:213343","journal-title":"Coord Chem Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"11773_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-04062-5","volume":"26","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmad S, Mahmood R (2019) Mercury chloride toxicity in human erythrocytes: enhanced generation of ROS and RNS, hemoglobin oxidation, impaired antioxidant power, and inhibition of plasma membrane redox system. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26(6):5645\u20135657","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"11773_CR36","unstructured":"Begam M, Sengupta M (2013) Effects of mercury on the activities of antioxidant defences in intestinal macrophages of fresh water teleost Channa punctatus (Bloch 1793)."},{"key":"11773_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.137779","volume":"316","author":"JCS Vieira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vieira JCS et al (2023) The effects of mercury exposure on Amazonian fishes: An investigation of potential biomarkers. Chemosphere 316:137779","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"11773_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101972","volume":"14","author":"Z Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali Z et al (2025) The combined effect of cadmium and copper induces bioaccumulation, and toxicity and disrupts the antioxidant enzymatic activities of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Toxicol Rep 14:101972","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"11773_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.073","volume":"247","author":"NK McRae","year":"2019","unstructured":"McRae NK et al (2019) Oxidative stress in the galaxiid fish, Galaxias maculatus, exposed to binary waterborne mixtures of the pro-oxidant cadmium and the anti-oxidant diclofenac. Environ Pollut 247:638\u2013646","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"11773_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.080","volume":"151","author":"M Javed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javed M et al (2016) Studies on biomarkers of oxidative stress and associated genotoxicity and histopathology in Channa punctatus from heavy metal polluted canal. Chemosphere 151:210\u2013219","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"11773_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.04.017","volume":"45","author":"M Begam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Begam M, Sengupta M (2015) Immunomodulation of intestinal macrophages by mercury involves oxidative damage and rise of pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the fresh water fish Channa punctatus Bloch. Fish Shellfish Immunol 45(2):378\u2013385","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"11773_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh R et al (2016) Fluoride-induced headkidney macrophage cell apoptosis involves activation of CaMKIIg-ERK 1\/2-Caspase-8 axis: role of superoxide in initiating the apoptotic cascade. Toxicol Res, 5","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TX00206D"},{"issue":"3","key":"11773_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2004.05.011","volume":"69","author":"C Risso-de Faverney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Risso-de Faverney C et al (2004) Cadmium-induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in rainbow trout hepatocytes: involvement of oxidative stress. Aquat Toxicol 69(3):247\u2013258","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"11773_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2011.02.015","volume":"74","author":"XJ Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu XJ et al (2011) Antioxidant responses, hepatic intermediary metabolism, histology and ultrastructure in Synechogobius hasta exposed to waterborne cadmium. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74(5):1156\u20131163","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"11773_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3502","author":"G Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park G et al (2016) Berberine induces mitochondrial apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells through p53-mediated regulation of XAF1 and GADD45? Int J Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo.2016.3502","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11773_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2008.10817532","volume":"22","author":"G Maximov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maximov G, Maximov K (2008) The role of p53 tumor-suppressor protein in apoptosis and cancerogenesis. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 22(2):664\u2013668","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip"},{"issue":"6","key":"11773_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.08.001","volume":"180","author":"MT Campbell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Campbell MT et al (2008) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces intrinsic apoptotic signaling during renal obstruction through truncated bid activation. J Urol 180(6):2694\u20132700","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11773-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11773-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11773-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:37:09Z","timestamp":1775554629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11773-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11773-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures involving\n                      Channa punctatus\n                      were conducted in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines (Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals), Government of India. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), Assam University, Silchar (AUS), under the approval number IEC\/AUS\/2015-024 dt-4\/9\/15, which corresponds to the official clearance for conducting the animal experiments in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Statement"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any person\u2019s data in any form (including individual details, images or videos).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to public"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study did not involve any human participants. The research was conducted on fish in accordance with ethical guidelines for animal research.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participant"}}],"article-number":"591"}}