{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:22:15Z","timestamp":1792167735139,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023QH115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QH115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MH272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MH272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Development Grant of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University","award":["2025FYQ056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025FYQ056"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Development Grant of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University","award":["2023FYM106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023FYM106"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81702884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81702884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medicine and Health Science and Technology Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["202402060623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202402060623"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-11858-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:51:04Z","timestamp":1777103464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Decoding and exploiting intratumoral microbiota: from microenvironment modulation to clinical intervention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianran","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2338-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongna","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8909-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6584-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"11858_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12597","volume":"44","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Fu L, Leiliang X et al (2024) Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome\u2019s influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response. Cancer Commun (Lond) 44:1130\u20131167","journal-title":"Cancer Commun (Lond)"},{"key":"11858_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay9189","volume":"368","author":"D Nejman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nejman D, Livyatan I, Fuks G et al (2020) The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type-specific intracellular bacteria. Science 368:973\u2013980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11858_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad083","volume":"115","author":"DA Byrd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byrd DA, Fan W, Greathouse KL et al (2023) The intratumor microbiome is associated with microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst 115:989\u2013993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"11858_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.08.012","volume":"41","author":"NN Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu NN, Yi CX, Wei LQ et al (2023) The intratumor mycobiome promotes lung cancer progression via myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Cell 41:1927\u20131944 e1929","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.027","volume":"185","author":"A Fu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fu A, Yao B, Dong T et al (2022) Tumor-resident intracellular microbiota promotes metastatic colonization in breast cancer. Cell 185:1356\u20131372e1326","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06916-2","volume":"23","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Galeano Nino JL, Wu H, LaCourse KD et al (2022) Effect of the intratumoral microbiota on spatial and cellular heterogeneity in cancer. Nature 611, 810-817","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"11858_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie Y, Xie F, Zhou X et al (2022) Microbiota in tumors: From understanding to application. Adv Sci (Weinh) 9, e2200470","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200470"},{"key":"11858_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2819","volume":"10","author":"H Tjalsma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tjalsma H, Boleij A, Marchesi JR et al (2012) A bacterial driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer: beyond the usual suspects. Nat Rev Microbiol 10:575\u2013582","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"11858_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kneis B, Wirtz S, Weber K et al (2023) Colon cancer microbiome landscaping: Differences in right- and left-sided colon cancer and a tumor microbiome-ileal microbiome association. Int J Mol Sci 24","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043265"},{"key":"11858_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67047-2","volume":"17","author":"Z Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi Z, Ren H, Lin C et al (2025) Tissue-resident microbiota impacts colorectal cancer progression and prognosis. Nat Commun 17:346","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11858_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng HH, Du CT, Yu C et al (2022) The relationship of tumor microbiome and oral bacteria and intestinal dysbiosis in canine mammary tumor. Int J Mol Sci 23","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810928"},{"key":"11858_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.03.004","volume":"39","author":"A Bertocchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bertocchi A, Carloni S, Ravenda PS et al (2021) Gut vascular barrier impairment leads to intestinal bacteria dissemination and colorectal cancer metastasis to liver. Cancer Cell 39:708\u2013724e711","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.005","volume":"185","author":"L Narunsky-Haziza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Narunsky-Haziza L, Sepich-Poore GD, Livyatan I et al (2022) Pan-cancer analyses reveal cancer-type-specific fungal ecologies and bacteriome interactions. Cell 185:3789\u20133806e3717","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal5240","volume":"358","author":"S Bullman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Sicinska E et al (2017) Analysis of Fusobacterium persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer. Science 358:1443\u20131448","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11858_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu Y, Zhao X, Li Y et al (2025) Neutrophil-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates tumor intracellular bacteria and enhances chemotherapy on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 12, e04188","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504188"},{"key":"11858_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4770","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB02409E","volume":"13","author":"M Verma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Verma M, Randhawa S, Bathla M et al (2025) Strategic use of nanomaterials as double-edged therapeutics to control carcinogenesis via regulation of dysbiosis and bacterial infection: current status and future prospects. J Mater Chem B 13:4770\u20134790","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"11858_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang M, Yang Z, Dai J et al (2023) Intratumor microbiome: selective colonization in the tumor microenvironment and a vital regulator of tumor biology. MedComm (2020) 4, e376","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.376"},{"key":"11858_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah3648","volume":"359","author":"CM Dejea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dejea CM, Fathi P, Craig JM et al (2018) Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis harbor colonic biofilms containing tumorigenic bacteria. Science 359:592\u2013597","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11858_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson MR, Jiang Y, Villalta PW et al (2019) The human gut bacterial genotoxin colibactin alkylates DNA. Science 363","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7785"},{"key":"11858_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0621-2","volume":"11","author":"J Allen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allen J, Sears CL (2019) Impact of the gut microbiome on the genome and epigenome of colon epithelial cells: contributions to colorectal cancer development. Genome Med 11:11","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"11858_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033819867354","volume":"18","author":"I Chattopadhyay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M (2019) Role of oral microbiome signatures in diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 18:1533033819867354","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"11858_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06144-8","volume":"23","author":"B Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang B, Leung PC, Cho WC et al (2025) Targeting PI3K signaling in Lung Cancer: advances, challenges and therapeutic opportunities. J Transl Med 23:184","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"11858_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201710-2118OC","volume":"198","author":"JJ Tsay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsay JJ, Wu BG, Badri MH et al (2018) Airway microbiota is associated with upregulation of the PI3K pathway in lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 198:1188\u20131198","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"11858_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26ra25","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000251","volume":"2","author":"AM Gustafson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gustafson AM, Soldi R, Anderlind C et al (2010) Airway PI3K pathway activation is an early and reversible event in lung cancer development. Sci Transl Med 2:26ra25","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"11858_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01468-7","volume":"8","author":"C Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue C, Yao Q, Gu X et al (2023) Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:204","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"11858_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S485670","volume":"14","author":"S Parveen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parveen S, Fatma M, Mir SS et al (2025) JAK-STAT signaling in autoimmunity and cancer. Immunotargets Ther 14:523\u2013554","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"key":"11858_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4248\/IJOS11075","volume":"3","author":"J Katz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katz J, Onate MD, Pauley KM et al (2011) Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 3:209\u2013215","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"11858_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01739-1","volume":"20","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma J, Sun L, Liu Y et al (2020) Alter between gut bacteria and blood metabolites and the anti-tumor effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in breast cancer. BMC Microbiol 20:82","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"11858_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02363-1","volume":"24","author":"X Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu X, Que H, Li Q et al (2025) Wnt\/beta-catenin mediated signaling pathways in cancer: recent advances, and applications in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 24:171","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"11858_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4972","volume":"348","author":"WS Garrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garrett WS (2015) Cancer and the microbiota. Science 348:80\u201386","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11858_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.07.035","volume":"26","author":"K Bhatelia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhatelia K, Singh K, Singh R (2014) Tlrs: linking inflammation and breast cancer. Cell Signal 26:2350\u20132357","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"11858_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0324","volume":"11","author":"RJ Knippel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knippel RJ, Drewes JL, Sears CL (2021) The cancer microbiome: recent highlights and knowledge gaps. Cancer Discov 11:2378\u20132395","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"11858_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.019","volume":"184","author":"KC Lam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam KC, Araya RE, Huang A et al (2021) Microbiota triggers STING-type I IFN-dependent monocyte reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Cell 184:5338\u20135356e5321","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baghy K, Ladanyi A, Reszegi A et al (2023) Insights into the tumor microenvironment-components, functions and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 24","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417536"},{"key":"11858_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yang L, Huang Y et al (2025) Intratumoral microbiota predicts the response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 13","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010365"},{"key":"11858_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12359","volume":"7","author":"C Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo C, An Q, Zhang LY et al (2024) Intratumoral microbiota as cancer therapeutic target. Aging Med (Milton) 7:636\u2013644","journal-title":"Aging Med (Milton)"},{"key":"11858_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.090","volume":"24","author":"V Le Noci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Le Noci V, Guglielmetti S, Arioli S et al (2018) Modulation of pulmonary microbiota by antibiotic or probiotic aerosol therapy: A strategy to promote immunosurveillance against lung metastases. Cell Rep 24:3528\u20133538","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"11858_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520909312","volume":"99","author":"L Wen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wen L, Mu W, Lu H et al (2020) Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression in an immune microenvironment. J Dent Res 99:666\u2013675","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"11858_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01275-6","volume":"19","author":"B Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang B, Cheng P (2020) Improving antitumor efficacy via combinatorial regimens of oncolytic virotherapy. Mol Cancer 19:158","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"11858_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan Q, Cao X, Zou F et al (2025) Spatial heterogeneity of intratumoral microbiota: A new frontier in cancer immunotherapy resistance. Biomedicines 13:1261","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051261"},{"key":"11858_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166700","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2166700","volume":"15","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Cai J, Hou W et al (2023) Microbiome and spatially resolved metabolomics analysis reveal the anticancer role of gut Akkermansia muciniphila by crosstalk with intratumoral microbiota and reprogramming tumoral metabolism in mice. Gut Microbes 15:2166700","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"11858_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04395-5","volume":"6","author":"JK Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi JK, Naffouje SA, Goto M et al (2023) Cross-talk between cancer and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates tumor suppression. Commun Biol 6:16","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"11858_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03551-y","volume":"72","author":"H Om","year":"2023","unstructured":"Om H, Chand U, Kushawaha PK (2023) Human anaerobic microbiome: a promising and innovative tool in cancer prevention and treatment by targeting pyruvate metabolism. Cancer Immunol Immunother 72:3919\u20133930","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"11858_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.11.018","volume":"14","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Li J, Cai W et al (2024) The emerging tumor microbe microenvironment: From delineation to multidisciplinary approach-based interventions. Acta Pharm Sin B 14:1560\u20131591","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"11858_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328263","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1328263","volume":"15","author":"CD Thome","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thome CD, Tausche P, Hohenberger K et al (2024) Short-chain fatty acids induced lung tumor cell death and increased peripheral blood CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells in NSCLC and control patients ex vivo. Front Immunol 15:1328263","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"11858_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101397","volume":"5","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yoo W, Zieba JK, Foegeding NJ et al (2021) High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide. Science 373, 813-818","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"11858_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Afonseca V, Munoz EV, Leal AL et al (2024) Implications of the microbiome and metabolic intermediaries produced by bacteria in breast cancer. Genet Mol Biol 47Suppl 1, e20230316","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0316"},{"key":"11858_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.011","volume":"186","author":"MJ Bender","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM et al (2023) Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Cell 186:1846\u20131862e1826","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-01509-3","volume":"39","author":"A Chronopoulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chronopoulos A, Kalluri R (2020) Emerging role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in cancer. Oncogene 39:6951\u20136960","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"11858_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00976-8","volume":"30","author":"Y Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song Y, Shi M, Wang Y (2024) Deciphering the role of host-gut microbiota crosstalk via diverse sources of extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Mol Med 30:200","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"11858_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang JY, Seo JH, Choi JJ et al (2025) Insight into microbial extracellular vesicles as key communication materials and their clinical implications for lung cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 56","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2025.5560"},{"key":"11858_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.03.003","volume":"68","author":"S Mishra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mishra S, Tejesvi MV, Hekkala J et al (2025) Gut microbiome-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles in patients with solid tumours. J Adv Res 68:375\u2013386","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"11858_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0039423","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00394-23","volume":"11","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang Y, Fan R et al (2023) Quantitative proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles from fusobacterium nucleatum cultivated in the mimic cancer environment. Microbiol Spectr 11:e0039423","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"11858_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00729-8","volume":"8","author":"OY Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim OY, Park HT, Dinh NTH et al (2017) Bacterial outer membrane vesicles suppress tumor by interferon-gamma-mediated antitumor response. Nat Commun 8:626","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11858_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112423","volume":"399","author":"RG Aly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aly RG, El-Enbaawy MI, Abd El-Rahman SS et al (2021) Antineoplastic activity of Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane nanovesicles. Exp Cell Res 399:112423","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"11858_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58553-4","volume":"16","author":"R Preet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Preet R, Islam MA, Shim J et al (2025) Gut commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in lung cancer. Nat Commun 16:3500","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11858_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01287-w","volume":"7","author":"A Nobels","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nobels A, van Marcke C, Jordan BF et al (2025) The gut microbiome and cancer: from tumorigenesis to therapy. Nat Metab 7:895\u2013917","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"11858_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.11.018","volume":"365","author":"S Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie S, Wei L, Liu Y et al (2024) Size-tunable nanogels for cascaded release of metronidazole and chemotherapeutic agents to combat Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colorectal cancer. J Control Release 365:16\u201328","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"11858_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01957-8","volume":"42","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Rousseau B, Qiu K et al (2024) Killing tumor-associated bacteria with a liposomal antibiotic generates neoantigens that induce anti-tumor immune responses. Nat Biotechnol 42:1263\u20131274","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"11858_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111625","volume":"41","author":"KD LaCourse","year":"2022","unstructured":"LaCourse KD, Zepeda-Rivera M, Kempchinsky AG et al (2022) The cancer chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil is a potent Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibitor and its activity is modified by intratumoral microbiota. Cell Rep 41:111625","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"11858_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","volume":"371","author":"D Davar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davar D, Dzutsev AK, McCulloch JA et al (2021) Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients. Science 371:595\u2013602","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11858_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01273-9","volume":"15","author":"Y Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu Y, Yuan X, Wang M et al (2022) Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Hematol Oncol 15:47","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"11858_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06026-3","volume":"617","author":"JS Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park JS, Gazzaniga FS, Wu M et al (2023) Targeting PD-L2-RGMb overcomes microbiome-related immunotherapy resistance. Nature 617:377\u2013385","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11858_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409464","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1409464","volume":"14","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Li Y, Wu P et al (2024) The intratumoral microbiota: a new horizon in cancer immunology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1409464","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"11858_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.022","volume":"187","author":"D Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia D, Wang Q, Qi Y et al (2024) Microbial metabolite enhances immunotherapy efficacy by modulating T cell stemness in pan-cancer. Cell 187:1651\u20131665e1621","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11858_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lan X, Ma J, Huang Z et al (2024) Akkermansia muciniphila might improve anti-PD-1 therapy against HCC by changing host bile acid metabolism. J Gene Med 26, e3639","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3639"},{"key":"11858_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J R, J SH and D P (2025) Immunotherapeutic potential of lactobacillus species as immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy. J Bio-X Res 8:0028","DOI":"10.34133\/jbioxresearch.0028"},{"key":"11858_CR68","first-page":"209","volume":"25","author":"A Letai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Letai A, de The H (2025) Conventional chemotherapy: millions of cures, unresolved therapeutic index. Nat Rev Cancer 25:209\u2013218","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"11858_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2593","volume":"83","author":"H Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu H, Leng X, Liu Q et al (2023) Intratumoral microbiota composition regulates chemoimmunotherapy response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 83(18):3131\u20133144","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"11858_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05728-y","volume":"615","author":"J Tintelnot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tintelnot J, Xu Y, Lesker TR et al (2023) Microbiota-derived 3-IAA influences chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Nature 615:168\u2013174","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11858_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00630-w","volume":"8","author":"A Elkrief","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elkrief A, Mendez-Salazar EO, Maillou J et al (2024) Antibiotics are associated with worse outcomes in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. NPJ Precis Oncol 8:143","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"11858_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.01.029","volume":"33","author":"A Senevirathne","year":"2025","unstructured":"Senevirathne A, Lloren KKS, Aganja RP et al (2025) Transforming bacterial pathogens into wonder tools in cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 33:866\u2013882","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"11858_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.69857\/joapr.v12i5.648","volume":"12","author":"J Renukadevi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Renukadevi J, Velmurugan R, Nandhinidevi G et al (2024) Exploring the neuroprotective role of probiotics in the therapeutic interventions of cognitive decline. J Appl Pharm Res 12:1\u201315","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Res"},{"key":"11858_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02591-6","volume":"7","author":"U Wegmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wegmann U, Carvalho AL, Stocks M et al (2017) Use of genetically modified bacteria for drug delivery in humans: Revisiting the safety aspect. Sci Rep 7:2294","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11858_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451081","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2451081","volume":"17","author":"NS Rios Colombo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rios Colombo NS, Paul Ross R, Hill C (2025) Synergistic and off-target effects of bacteriocins in a simplified human intestinal microbiome: implications for Clostridioides difficile infection control. Gut Microbes 17:2451081","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"11858_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140463","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1140463","volume":"14","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou M, Tang Y, Xu W et al (2023) Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Front Immunol 14:1140463","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"11858_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608402","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.608402","volume":"10","author":"J Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin J, Wu N, Bao J et al (2020) Heterogeneous klebsiella pneumoniae co-infections complicate personalized bacteriophage therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:608402","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"11858_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100543","volume":"18","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, Lei P, Ji H et al (2023) Advances in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as a customizable drug delivery system for disease treatment and diagnosis strategies. Mater Today Bio 18:100543","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"11858_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44776-4","volume":"15","author":"CR Gurbatri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gurbatri CR, Radford GA, Vrbanac L et al (2024) Engineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia. Nat Commun 15:646","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11858_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.02.002","volume":"43","author":"JP Lynch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynch JP, Goers L, Lesser CF (2022) Emerging strategies for engineering Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-based therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 43:772\u2013786","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"11858_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/fbe2.70024","volume":"4","author":"J Renukadevi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Renukadevi J, Ranjani M, Sneha P et al (2025) Gut-targeted nutraceutical delivery: Engineering microbiome\u2010responsive nutraceutical interfaces. Food Bioeng 4:248\u2013261","journal-title":"Food Bioeng"},{"key":"11858_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou X, Zhai L, Fu L et al (2025) Advances in engineered phages for disease treatment. Small Methods 9, e2401611","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202401611"},{"key":"11858_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00474","volume":"53","author":"A Bhasin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhasin A, Drago NP, Majumdar S et al (2020) Viruses masquerading as antibodies in biosensors: The development of the virus bioResistor. Acc Chem Res 53:2384\u20132394","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"11858_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nethery MA, Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Roberts A et al (2022) CRISPR-based engineering of phages for in situ bacterial base editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119, e2206744119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2206744119"},{"key":"11858_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faltus T (2024) The medicinal phage-regulatory roadmap for phage therapy under EU pharmaceutical legislation. Viruses 16","DOI":"10.3390\/v16030443"},{"key":"11858_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12521","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12521","volume":"13","author":"A Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang A, Korani L, Yeung CLS et al (2024) The emerging role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in human cancers. J Extracell Vesicles 13:e12521","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"11858_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia P, Qu C, Xu X et al (2025) Nanobody engineered and photosensitiser loaded bacterial outer membrane vesicles potentiate antitumour immunity and immunotherapy. J Extracell Vesicles 14, e70069","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70069"},{"key":"11858_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38679-z","volume":"14","author":"W Ban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ban W, Sun M, Huang H et al (2023) Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles encapsulating oncolytic adenoviruses enhance the efficacy of cancer virotherapy by augmenting tumor cell autophagy. Nat Commun 14:2933","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11858_CR89","first-page":"548","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Wu J, Qiu X et al (2023) Bacterial outer membrane vesicles-based therapeutic platform eradicates triple-negative breast tumor by combinational photodynamic\/chemo-\/immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 20:548\u2013560","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"11858_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03368-8","volume":"592","author":"S Kalaora","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalaora S, Nagler A, Nejman D et al (2021) Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma. Nature 592:138\u2013143","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11858_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48662-x","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Han Y, Yang C et al (2024) Long-term relapse-free survival enabled by integrating targeted antibacteria in antitumor treatment. Nat Commun 15:4194","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11858_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05435-0","volume":"611","author":"JL Galeano Nino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Galeano Nino JL, Ponath F, Ajisafe VA et al (2026) Tumor-infiltrating bacteria disrupt cancer epithelial cell interactions and induce cell-cycle arrest. Cancer Cell 44, 166-186 e116","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11858_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115458","volume":"214","author":"P Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao P, Zhang XZ (2024) Progress of tumor-resident intracellular bacteria for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 214:115458","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"11858_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah5043","volume":"357","author":"LT Geller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geller LT, Barzily-Rokni M, Danino T et al (2017) Potential role of intratumor bacteria in mediating tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Science 357:1156\u20131160","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11858_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang M, Zhang Y, Sun Y et al (2022) Intratumoral microbiota impacts the first-line treatment efficacy and survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients free of lung infection. J Healthc Eng 2022, 5466853","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5466853"},{"key":"11858_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong X, Yu X, Du Y et al (2022) Peripheral blood microbiome analysis via noninvasive prenatal testing reveals the complexity of circulating microbial cell-free DNA. Microbiol Spectr 10, e0041422","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00414-22"},{"key":"11858_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.11.030","volume":"499","author":"Q Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao Q, Lu W, Kong X et al (2021) Alterations of circulating bacterial DNA in colorectal cancer and adenoma: A proof-of-concept study. Cancer Lett 499:201\u2013208","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"11858_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442037","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2442037","volume":"17","author":"F Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen F, Guo S, Li Y et al (2025) Fusobacterium nucleatum-driven CX3CR1(+) PD-L1(+) phagocytes route to tumor tissues and reshape tumor microenvironment. Gut Microbes 17:2442037","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"11858_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00446-9","volume":"9","author":"L Schorr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schorr L, Mathies M, Elinav E et al (2023) Intracellular bacteria in cancer-prospects and debates. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 9:76","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"11858_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0039025","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00390-25","volume":"13","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu J, Wei D, Chen Y et al (2025) Intratumoral core microbiota predicts prognosis and therapeutic response in gastrointestinal cancers. Microbiol Spectr 13:e0039025","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11858-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11858-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11858-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:02:08Z","timestamp":1777107728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11858-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11858-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed the manuscript, given their final approval, and consent to its submission for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"671"}}