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At the molecular level, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been characterized as an \u201concomir\u201d because of its ability to negatively regulate tumor suppressor genes, thereby promoting tumor survival and progression. In this context, the CRISPR\/Cas9 system has emerged as a precise genome-editing tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the biological effects of miR-21 modulation using CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the T24 high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma cell line.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CRISPR\/Cas9 system was delivered as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Editing efficiency was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Functional effects were evaluated through gene expression assays, cell migration assays, as well as Matrigel invasion assays. The presence of the Cas9 protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRISPR\/Cas9 treatment targeting miR-21 showed a trend toward reduced miR-21 expression (p\u2009=\u20090.0563), although this did not reach statistical significance. A statistically significant increase in MASPIN (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and PDCD4 (p\u2009=\u20090.0239), as well as a trend toward increased PTEN expression (p\u2009=\u20090.055), was observed following treatment. Functionally, a significant reduction in the migratory capacity of edited cells was observed after 48 h (p\u2009=\u20090.0334). The presence of Cas9 was successfully confirmed in transfected cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated modulation of miR-21 may influence tumor suppressor pathways and reduce the migratory potential of urothelial carcinoma cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12129-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:19:20Z","timestamp":1781878760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated miR-21 editing in high-grade urothelial carcinoma cells and its biological effects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Yi Lin Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Alves","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovana","family":"Caetano Vilas Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Serafim","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Mie","family":"Mioshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruan","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iran Amorim","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Ramos Moreira Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Carlos","family":"Nahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3564-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina T","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"12129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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