{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:57:20Z","timestamp":1785527840632,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32371039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project supported by Jilin Province and Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS620"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12488-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:26:51Z","timestamp":1785310011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From astrocyte cholesterol synthesis to synaptic dysfunction: mechanisms of neuron-glia lipid coupling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Mateen","family":"Tahir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Sheng","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"12488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105635","volume":"171","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao Y, Ye S, Tang Y, Tong W, Sun S (2023) Brain cholesterol homeostasis and its association with neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 171:105635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105635","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"12488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-021-03098-6","volume":"38","author":"EM Rhea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rhea EM, Banks WA (2021) Interactions of Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins with the Blood-Brain Barrier. Pharm Res 38:1469\u20131475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-021-03098-6","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"12488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03490-8","volume":"22","author":"EC Wuerch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wuerch EC, Yong VW (2025) Cholesterol in the CNS: functions, recycling and remyelination. J Neuroinflammation 22:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03490-8","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"12488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viljeti\u0107 B, Bla\u017eeti\u0107 S, Labak I, Ivi\u0107 V, Zjali\u0107 M, Heffer M, Balog M (2024) Lipid Rafts: The Maestros of Normal Brain Development. Biomolecules 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14030362","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030362"},{"key":"12488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01273-4","volume":"56","author":"KC Shin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shin KC, Ali Moussa HY, Park Y (2024) Cholesterol imbalance and neurotransmission defects in neurodegeneration. Exp Mol Med 56:1685\u20131690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01273-4","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"12488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae028","volume":"147","author":"H Ahmed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed H, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ, Levey AI, Pikuleva I, Liang SH, Haider A (2024) Brain cholesterol and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: challenges and opportunities in probe and drug development. Brain 147:1622\u20131635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae028","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.01.002","volume":"45","author":"D Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li D, Zhang J, Liu Q (2022) Brain cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism and implications for learning and memory. Trends Neurosci 45:401\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2022.01.002","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"12488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00864-5","volume":"19","author":"M Valenza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valenza M, Birolini G, Cattaneo E (2023) The translational potential of cholesterol-based therapies for neurological disease. Nat Reviews Neurol 19:583\u2013598","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Neurol"},{"key":"12488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00390-x","volume":"21","author":"HG Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee HG, Wheeler MA, Quintana FJ (2022) Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 21:339\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-022-00390-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"12488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02232-6","volume":"58","author":"L Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai L, Zou L, Meng L, Qiang G, Yan M, Zhang Z (2021) Cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Mol Neurobiol 58:2183\u20132201","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"12488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00574-4","volume":"17","author":"A-C Raulin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raulin A-C, Doss SV, Trottier ZA, Ikezu TC, Bu G, Liu C-C (2022) ApoE in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Mol Neurodegeneration 17:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-022-00574-4","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"12488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang N, Westerterp M (2020) ABC transporters, cholesterol efflux, and implications for cardiovascular diseases. Lipid Transf Lipoprotein Metabolism Cardiovasc Disease :67\u201383","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6082-8_6"},{"key":"12488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-032620-104801","volume":"91","author":"AC Raulin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raulin AC, Martens YA, Bu G (2022) Lipoproteins in the Central Nervous System: From Biology to Pathobiology. Annu Rev Biochem 91:731\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-032620-104801","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"12488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220388","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0388","volume":"379","author":"M Malara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malara M, Prestel M, Tahirovic S (2024) Endo-lysosomal dysfunction and neuronal-glial crosstalk in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 379:20220388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2022.0388","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"12488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01430-x","volume":"16","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Chen C, Liu Y (2024) Navigating the metabolic maze: anomalies in fatty acid and cholesterol processes in Alzheimer\u2019s astrocytes. Alzheimers Res Ther 16:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-024-01430-x","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"12488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04203-8","volume":"12","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xu X, Liu H, Jin L, Shen X, Xie C, Xiang W, Yang D, Feng W, Wang J (2021) Astrocytic YAP prevents the demyelination through promoting expression of cholesterol synthesis genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Death Dis 12:907","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"12488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.023","volume":"112","author":"A Litvinchuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Litvinchuk A, Suh JH, Guo JL, Lin K, Davis SS, Bien-Ly N, Tycksen E, Tabor GT, Remolina Serrano J, Manis M, Bao X, Lee C, Bosch M, Perez EJ, Yuede CM, Cashikar AG, Ulrich JD, Di Paolo G, Holtzman DM (2024) Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegeneration with an LXR agonist. Neuron 112:384\u2013403e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"12488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05439-w","volume":"611","author":"JW Blanchard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blanchard JW, Akay LA, Davila-Velderrain J, von Maydell D, Mathys H, Davidson SM, Effenberger A, Chen CY, Maner-Smith K, Hajjar I, Ortlund EA, Bula M, Agbas E, Ng A, Jiang X, Kahn M, Blanco-Duque C, Lavoie N, Liu L, Reyes R, Lin YT, Ko T, R\u2019Bibo L, Ralvenius WT, Bennett DA, Cam HP, Kellis M, Tsai LH (2022) APOE4 impairs myelination via cholesterol dysregulation in oligodendrocytes. Nature 611:769\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05439-w","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"12488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/18796397251336192","volume":"14","author":"M Valenza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valenza M (2025) Dysregulated astrocyte cholesterol synthesis in Huntington\u2019s disease: A potential intersection with other cellular dysfunctions. J Huntington\u2019s Disease 14:229\u2013240","journal-title":"J Huntington\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"12488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-021-00751-3","volume":"37","author":"F Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang F, Cheng L, Zhang X (2021) Reprogramming glial cells into functional neurons for neuro-regeneration: challenges and promise. Neurosci Bull 37:1625\u20131636","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"12488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106823","volume":"194","author":"G Birolini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Birolini G, Valenza M, Ottonelli I, Talpo F, Minoli L, Cappelleri A, Bombaci M, Caccia C, Canevari C, Trucco A, Leoni V, Passoni A, Favagrossa M, Nucera MR, Colombo L, Paltrinieri S, Bagnati R, Duskey JT, Caraffi R, Vandelli MA, Taroni F, Salmona M, Scanziani E, Biella G, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Cattaneo E (2023) Chronic cholesterol administration to the brain supports complete and long-lasting cognitive and motor amelioration in Huntington\u2019s disease. Pharmacol Res 194:106823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106823","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"12488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab186","volume":"144","author":"G Birolini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Birolini G, Verlengia G, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Conforti P, Cordiglieri C, Caccia C, Leoni V, Taroni F, Biella G, Simonato M, Cattaneo E, Valenza M (2021) SREBP2 gene therapy targeting striatal astrocytes ameliorates Huntington\u2019s disease phenotypes. Brain 144:3175\u20133190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab186","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(20)30412-9","volume":"20","author":"A Serrano-Pozo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Serrano-Pozo A, Das S, Hyman BT (2021) APOE and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 20:68\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(20)30412-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.09.004","volume":"34","author":"IA Windham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Windham IA, Cohen S (2024) The cell biology of APOE in the brain. Trends Cell Biol 34:338\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.09.004","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"12488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00988-2","volume":"20","author":"RJ Jackson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson RJ, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A (2024) Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 20:457\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-024-00988-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"12488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00413-4","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Shue F, Zhao N, Shinohara M, Bu G (2020) APOE2: protective mechanism and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 15:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-020-00413-4","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"12488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166967","volume":"1870","author":"JCS Chaves","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chaves JCS, Dando SJ, White AR, Oikari LE (2024) Blood-brain barrier transporters: An overview of function, dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and strategies for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1870:166967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166967","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"12488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2024.2306138","volume":"21","author":"PT Ronaldson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ronaldson PT, Davis TP (2024) Blood-brain barrier transporters: a translational consideration for CNS delivery of neurotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 21:71\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17425247.2024.2306138","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"12488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2023.2235718","volume":"27","author":"T Paseban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paseban T, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A (2023) The role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in neurological disorders: a mechanistic review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 27:531\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14728222.2023.2235718","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"12488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.020","volume":"182","author":"H Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian H, Wu X, Du X, Yao X, Zhao X, Lee J, Yang H, Yan N (2020) Structural Basis of Low-pH-Dependent Lysosomal Cholesterol Egress by NPC1 and NPC2. Cell 182:98\u2013111e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"12488_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2200111","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202200111","volume":"44","author":"A Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu A (2022) Endolysosomal cholesterol export: More than just NPC1. BioEssays 44:e2200111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.202200111","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"12488_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.123.318284","volume":"44","author":"M Tsujita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S (2024) Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 44:1042\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.123.318284","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"12488_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16288-4","volume":"11","author":"C Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan C, Niu Y, Chen SC, Kang Y, Wu JX, Nishi K, Chang CCY, Chang TY, Luo T, Chen L (2020) Structural insights into the inhibition mechanism of human sterol O-acyltransferase 1 by a competitive inhibitor. Nat Commun 11:2478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16288-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"12488_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03334-5","volume":"22","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Jiang L, Yan X, Zhu W, Shen Y, Wang B, Li J, Song J (2025) Lipid droplets in central nervous system and functional profiles of brain cells containing lipid droplets in various diseases. J Neuroinflammation 22:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03334-5","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"12488_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.392878","volume":"19","author":"M Shirane","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shirane M (2024) Pathogenic contribution of cholesteryl ester accumulation in the brain to neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 19:2099\u20132100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.392878","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"12488_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108486","volume":"249","author":"SB Hansen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hansen SB, Wang H (2023) The shared role of cholesterol in neuronal and peripheral inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 249:108486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108486","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"12488_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116071","volume":"171","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Li H, Sheng Y, He B, Liu Z, Li W, Yu S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Qin L, Meng X (2024) The function of sphingolipids in different pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 171:116071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116071","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"12488_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.07.017","volume":"16","author":"S-I Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee S-I, Jeong W, Lim H, Cho S, Lee H, Jang Y, Cho J, Bae S, Lin Y-T, Tsai L-H (2021) APOE4-carrying human astrocytes oversupply cholesterol to promote neuronal lipid raft expansion and A\u03b2 generation. Stem Cell Rep 16:2128\u20132137","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"12488_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.017","volume":"185","author":"J Tcw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tcw J, Qian L, Pipalia NH, Chao MJ, Liang SA, Shi Y, Jain BR, Bertelsen SE, Kapoor M, Marcora E, Sikora E, Andrews EJ, Martini AC, Karch CM, Head E, Holtzman DM, Zhang B, Wang M, Maxfield FR, Poon WW, Goate AM (2022) Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia. Cell 185:2213\u20132233e25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"12488_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01365-1","volume":"43","author":"YY Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun YY, Wang Z, Huang HC (2023) Roles of ApoE4 on the Pathogenesis in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43:3115\u20133136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-023-01365-1","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"12488_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-062823-023436","volume":"53","author":"GA Pantelopulos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pantelopulos GA, Abraham CB, Straub JE (2024) Cholesterol and Lipid Rafts in the Biogenesis of Amyloid-\u03b2 Protein and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Annu Rev Biophys 53:455\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biophys-062823-023436","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys"},{"key":"12488_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00803-6","volume":"20","author":"S He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He S, Xu Z, Han X (2025) Lipidome disruption in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain: detection, pathological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Mol Neurodegener 20:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00803-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"12488_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu S, Xu X, Omari-Siaw E, Yu J, Deng W (2024) Corrigendum to Progress of reprogramming astrocytes into neuron [Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 130, September 2024, 103947, DOI: 10.1016\/j.mcn.2024.103947]. Mol Cell Neurosci 130:103955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcn.2024.103955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2024.103955"},{"key":"12488_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28109","volume":"35","author":"C Casella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casella C, Lipp I, Rosser A, Jones DK, Metzler-Baddeley C (2020) A Critical Review of White Matter Changes in Huntington\u2019s Disease. Mov Disord 35:1302\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28109","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12488_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111953","volume":"42","author":"MR Gangwani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gangwani MR, Soto JS, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Tiwari S, Kawaguchi R, Wohlschlegel JA, Khakh BS (2023) Neuronal and astrocytic contributions to Huntington\u2019s disease dissected with zinc finger protein transcriptional repressors. Cell Rep 42:111953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111953","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"12488_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147319","volume":"22","author":"M Podbielska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Podbielska M, O\u2019Keeffe J, Pokryszko-Dragan A (2021) New insights into multiple sclerosis mechanisms: lipids on the track to control inflammation and neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 22:7319","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12488_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05648-2","volume":"82","author":"A Montilla","year":"2025","unstructured":"Montilla A, Zabala A, Calvo I, Bosch-Juan M, Tom\u00e9-Velasco I, Mata P, Koster M, Sierra A, Kooistra SM, Soria FN, Eggen BJL, Fresnedo O, Fern\u00e1ndez JA, Tepavcevic V, Matute C, Domercq M (2025) Microglia regulate myelin clearance and cholesterol metabolism after demyelination via interferon regulatory factor 5. Cell Mol Life Sci 82:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-025-05648-2","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"12488_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.01.001","volume":"45","author":"SA Berghoff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berghoff SA, Spieth L, Saher G (2022) Local cholesterol metabolism orchestrates remyelination. Trends Neurosci 45:272\u2013283","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"12488_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123105","volume":"10","author":"OM Mu\u00f1oz Herrera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz Herrera OM, Zivkovic AM (2022) Microglia and cholesterol handling: Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biomedicines 10:3105","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"12488_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05534-y","volume":"613","author":"NB McNamara","year":"2023","unstructured":"McNamara NB, Munro DAD, Bestard-Cuche N, Uyeda A, Bogie JFJ, Hoffmann A, Holloway RK, Molina-Gonzalez I, Askew KE, Mitchell S, Mungall W, Dodds M, Dittmayer C, Moss J, Rose J, Szymkowiak S, Amann L, McColl BW, Prinz M, Spires-Jones TL, Stenzel W, Horsburgh K, Hendriks JJA, Pridans C, Muramatsu R, Williams A, Priller J, Miron VE (2023) Microglia regulate central nervous system myelin growth and integrity. Nature 613:120\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05534-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"12488_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39046-8","volume":"14","author":"I Molina-Gonzalez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molina-Gonzalez I, Holloway RK, Jiwaji Z, Dando O, Kent SA, Emelianova K, Lloyd AF, Forbes LH, Mahmood A, Skripuletz T, Gudi V, Febery JA, Johnson JA, Fowler JH, Kuhlmann T, Williams A, Chandran S, Stangel M, Howden AJM, Hardingham GE, Miron VE (2023) Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun 14:3372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39046-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"12488_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00385-7","volume":"12","author":"P Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou P, Wu C, Liu TC, Duan R, Yang L (2023) Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from physiology to pathology. Transl Neurodegener 12:52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-023-00385-7","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"12488_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000003650","volume":"57","author":"C Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu C, Zou P, Zhu L, Feng S, Deng Q, Liu TC, Duan R, Yang L (2025) Treadmill Exercise Mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s Pathology by Modulating Glial Polarization and Reducing Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Perivascular Clustering. Med Sci Sports Exerc 57:1148\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0000000000003650","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"12488_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01873-x","volume":"28","author":"S Kedia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kedia S, Simons M (2025) Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology. Nat Neurosci 28:446\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-025-01873-x","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"12488_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01749-6","volume":"27","author":"E Asadollahi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asadollahi E, Trevisiol A, Saab AS, Looser ZJ, Dibaj P, Ebrahimi R, Kusch K, Ruhwedel T, M\u00f6bius W, Jahn O, Lee JY, Don AS, Khalil MA, Hiller K, Baes M, Weber B, Abel ED, Ballabio A, Popko B, Kassmann CM, Ehrenreich H, Hirrlinger J, Nave KA (2024) Oligodendroglial fatty acid metabolism as a central nervous system energy reserve. Nat Neurosci 27:1934\u20131944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-024-01749-6","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"12488_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0","volume":"28","author":"P Zou","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zou P, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Zong X, Zhang Q (2026) Myelin Lipid Reserves as a Conditional Metabolic Buffer: Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 28:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"12488_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08026-7","volume":"8","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Pavel MA, Hansen SB (2025) GABA and astrocytic cholesterol determine the lipid environment of GABA(A)R in cultured cortical neurons. Commun Biol 8:647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-08026-7","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"12488_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgag053","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgag053","volume":"5","author":"DO Halim","year":"2026","unstructured":"Halim DO, Di Biase E, Rajon A, Jordi L, Hallett PJ, Isacson O (2026) APOE3 astrocytes can rescue lipid abnormalities and dystrophic neurites of APOE4 human neurons. PNAS Nexus 5:pgag053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgag053","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"12488_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang L, Lai X, Liang X, Chen J, Yang Y, Xu W, Qin Q, Qin R, Huang X, Xie M, Chen L (2024) A promise for neuronal repair: reprogramming astrocytes into neurons in vivo. Biosci Rep 44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20231717","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20231717"},{"key":"12488_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00450-9","volume":"13","author":"S McDowall","year":"2024","unstructured":"McDowall S, Bagda V, Hodgetts S, Mastaglia F, Li D (2024) Controversies and insights into PTBP1-related astrocyte-neuron transdifferentiation: neuronal regeneration strategies for Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Neurodegener 13:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-024-00450-9","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"12488_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pfrieger FW (2003) Outsourcing in the brain: do neurons depend on cholesterol delivery by astrocytes? Bioessays 25:72\u2009\u2013\u20098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.10195","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10195"},{"key":"12488_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01677-5","volume":"27","author":"A Pereira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pereira A, Diwakar J, Masserdotti G, Be\u015fkarde\u015f S, Simon T, So Y, Mart\u00edn-Loarte L, Bergemann F, Vasan L, Schauer T, Danese A, Bocchi R, Colom\u00e9-Tatch\u00e9 M, Schuurmans C, Philpott A, Straub T, Bonev B, G\u00f6tz M (2024) Direct neuronal reprogramming of mouse astrocytes is associated with multiscale epigenome remodeling and requires Yy1. Nat Neurosci 27:1260\u20131273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-024-01677-5","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"12488_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22880","volume":"82","author":"LL Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang LL, Zhang CL (2022) In vivo glia-to-neuron conversion: pitfalls and solutions. Dev Neurobiol 82:367\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dneu.22880","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"12488_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.Nrr-d-24-00281","volume":"20","author":"JW Hickmott","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hickmott JW, Morshead CM (2025) Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue? Neural Regen Res 20:1395\u20131396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.Nrr-d-24-00281","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"12488_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02211-x","volume":"58","author":"T Behl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Kumar A, Uddin MS, Bungau S (2021) The interplay of ABC transporters in A\u03b2 translocation and cholesterol metabolism: implicating their roles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurobiol 58:1564\u20131582","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"12488_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang H, Kulas JA, Wang C, Holtzman DM, Ferris HA, Hansen SB (2021) Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2102191118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102191118"},{"key":"12488_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16344","volume":"290","author":"F Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin F (2023) Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise. FEBS J 290:1420\u20131453","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"12488_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13090740","volume":"13","author":"M Villa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J (2024) Emerging role of ABC transporters in glia cells in health and diseases of the central nervous system. Cells 13:740","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"12488_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8314","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178314","volume":"26","author":"A Matejuk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Matejuk A, Matejuk S, Offner H, Vandenbark AA (2025) Altered Lipid Metabolism in CNS Demyelination and Remyelination Are Key Elements Driving Progressive MS. Int J Mol Sci 26:8314","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12488_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603292","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1603292","volume":"19","author":"W Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei W, Fu L, Luo T, Hao Z, Pan Y, Xin W, Zhang L, Lai Z, Zhang H, Liu H (2025) Exploring novel roles of lipid droplets and lipid metabolism in regulating inflammation and blood-brain barrier function in neurological diseases. Front NeuroSci 19:1603292","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"key":"12488_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103395","volume":"58","author":"MI Stefanou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stefanou MI, Palaiodimou L, Katsanos AH, Milionis H, Kosmidou M, Lambadiari V, Halvatsiotis P, Ferentinos P, Andreadou E, Marinos G, Theodorou A, Tzartos JS, Voumvourakis K, Tsivgoulis G, Giannopoulos S (2022) The effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on disease activity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 58:103395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103395","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12488-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12488-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12488-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:16:07Z","timestamp":1785521767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12488-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12488-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1295"}}