{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:52:02Z","timestamp":1785523922512,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"grants from the Universit\u00e0 della Calabria and the Italian Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, Universit\u00e0 e Ricerca (M.I.U.R.)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12502-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:49:51Z","timestamp":1785239391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular characterization of \u03b2-lactamase genes and porin alterations in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates from Calabria, Southern Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Teresa Maria Rosaria","family":"Regina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Anastasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Gismondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Iacino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Zicca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Oliverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Fedele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Infusini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"12502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1077192","volume":"57","author":"M Ferri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferri M, Ranucci E, Romagnoli P, Giaccone V (2017) Antimicrobial resistance: a global emerging threat to public health systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57:2857\u20132876","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"12502_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01054-w","volume":"22","author":"WR Miller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miller WR, Arias CA (2024) ESKAPE pathogens: antimicrobial resistance, epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutics. Nat Rev Microbiol 22:598\u2013616","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"10474","key":"12502_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02081-6","volume":"405","author":"N Macesic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Macesic N, Uhlemann AC, Peleg AY (2025) Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet 405(10474):257\u2013272","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12502_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04030-3","volume":"25","author":"AA Badran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Badran AA, Elgayar FA, Gouda MK, El Halfawy NM (2025) Incidence of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes (ESBLs) among community and health care infection in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. BMC Microbiol 25:316","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"12502_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2020.100909","volume":"21","author":"EN Ugbo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ugbo EN, Anyamene CO, Moses IB, Iroha IR, Babalola OO, Ukpai EG, Chukwunwejim CR, Egbule CU, Emioye AA, Okata-Nwali OD, Igwe OF, Ugadu IO (2020) Prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes among extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin. Gene Rep 21:100909","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"12502_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00054","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00054-22","volume":"37","author":"PJ Simner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simner PJ, Pitout JDD, Dingle TC (2024) Laboratory detection of carbapenemases among Gram-negative organisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 37(4):e00054\u2013e00022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12502_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw282","volume":"215","author":"LK Logan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Logan LK, Weinstein RA (2017) The epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: the impact and evolution of a global menace. J Infect Dis 215(Suppl 1):S28\u2013S36","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"12502_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040186","volume":"9","author":"D Hammoudi Halat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammoudi Halat D, Ayoub Moubareck C (2020) The current burden of carbapenemases: review of significant properties and dissemination among Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiot (Basel) 9:186","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"12502_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.020","volume":"52","author":"Z Hamzaoui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamzaoui Z, Ocampo-Sosa A, Fernandez-Martinez M, Landolsi S, Ferjani S, Maamar E, Saidani M, Slim A, Martinez-Martinez L, Boutiba-Ben Boubaker I (2018) Role of association of OmpK35 and OmpK36 alteration and blaESBL and\/or blaAmpC genes in conferring carbapenem resistance among non-carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 52:898\u2013905","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"12502_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031229","volume":"27","author":"A Elbehiry","year":"2026","unstructured":"Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Abalkhail A (2026) Molecular insights into carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: from mobile genetic elements to precision diagnostics and infection control. Int J Mol Sci 27:1229","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12502_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010037","volume":"15","author":"V Zdarska","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zdarska V, Arcari G, Kolar M, Mlynarcik P (2026) Antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and related Enterobacterales: molecular mechanisms, mobile elements, and therapeutic challenges. Antibiot (Basel) 15:37","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"12502_CR12","volume-title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe 2024 data","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2025","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2025) Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe 2024 data. ECDC, Stockholm"},{"key":"12502_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405390","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1405390","volume":"15","author":"G Scaglione","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scaglione G, Perego M, Colaneri M et al (2024) Understanding the burden of antibiotic resistance: a decade of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in Italian intensive care units. Front Microbiol 15:1405390","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"12502_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30257-2","volume":"17","author":"H Grundmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grundmann H, Glasner C, Albiger B et al (2017) Occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in the European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE): a prospective, multinational study. Lancet Infect Dis 17:153\u2013163","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"12502_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050633","volume":"11","author":"L Onorato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onorato L, Sarnelli B, D\u2019Agostino F et al (2022) Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Southern Italy: a multicentre study. Antibiot (Basel) 11:633","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"12502_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117035","volume":"113","author":"M Boattini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boattini M, Bastos P, Costa C, Bianco G (2025) Carriage and infections by multi-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 113:117035","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"12502_CR17","first-page":"98","volume":"25","author":"M Reale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reale M, Strazzulla A, Quirino A et al (2017) Patterns of multidrug-resistant bacteria at first culture from patients admitted to a third-level university hospital in Calabria from 2011 to 2014: implications for empirical therapy and infection control. Le Infez Med 25:98\u2013107","journal-title":"Le Infez Med"},{"key":"12502_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0109","volume":"28","author":"V Scaglione","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scaglione V, Reale M, Davoli C et al (2022) Prevalence of antibiotic resistance over time in a third-level university hospital. Microb Drug Resist 28:425\u2013435","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"12502_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2036-7","volume":"16","author":"A Bianco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bianco A, Quirino A, Giordano M et al (2016) Control of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Southern Italy. BMC Infect Dis 16:747","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12502_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14020128","volume":"14","author":"E Nicitra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nicitra E, Terrana M, Bongiorno D et al (2025) Circulation of a unique Klebsiella pneumoniae clone, ST147 NDM-1\/OXA-48, in two diverse hospitals in Calabria (Italy). Antibiot (Basel) 14:128","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"12502_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376513","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1376513","volume":"12","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Q, Zhou X, Yang R, Shen X, Li G, Zhang C, Li P, Li S, Xie J, Yang Y (2024) Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in ICUs: resistance genes, therapeutics, and prevention\u2014a comprehensive review. Front Public Health 12:1376513","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"12502_CR22","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (2024) Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 14.0"},{"key":"12502_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801550","volume":"379","author":"SS Magill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magill SS, O\u2019Leary E, Janelle SJ et al (2018) Changes in prevalence of health care-associated infections in U.S. hospitals. N Engl J Med 379:1732\u20131744","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12502_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01513-2","volume":"13","author":"I Vock","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vock I, Ragozzino S, Urwyler P et al (2024) Screening sites for detection of carbapenemase-producers: a retrospective cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 13:157","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"12502_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.12.003","volume":"157","author":"R Olivieri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olivieri R, Riccobono E, Gonnelli S et al (2025) Large, protracted, multi-species and multi-clonal spread of VIM-type metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in an Italian hospital. J Hosp Infect 157:10\u201318","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"12502_CR26","first-page":"249","volume":"33","author":"G Tiseo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tiseo G, Stefani S, Fasano FR, Falcone M (2025) The burden of infections caused by metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in Italy: epidemiology, outcomes, and management. Infez Med 33:249\u2013260","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"12502_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426817","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1426817","volume":"14","author":"SC Ranieri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ranieri SC, Fabbrizi V, D\u2019Amario AM et al (2024) First report of a blaNDM-producing extensively drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 in Italy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1426817","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"12502_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00008","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00008-24","volume":"12","author":"P Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan P, Dai L, Zhang Q, Zhong Y, Liu W, Yang L, Chen D (2024) Global emergence of double and multi-carbapenemase producing organisms: epidemiology, clinical significance, and evolutionary benefits on antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Microbiol Spectr 12:e00008\u201324","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"12502_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01275-10","volume":"55","author":"YK Tsai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tsai YK, Fung CP, Lin JC, Chen JH, Chang FY, Chen TL, Siu LK (2011) Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane porins OmpK35 and OmpK36 play roles in both antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:1485\u20131493","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"12502_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011","volume":"9","author":"R Cant\u00f3n","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n R, Coque TM (2006) The CTX-M \u03b2-lactamase pandemic. Curr Opin Microbiol 9:466\u2013475","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"12502_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020508","volume":"14","author":"G Nobili","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nobili G, Cocomazzi A, Basanisi MG, Damato AM, Coppola R, Cariglia MG, Franconieri I, Stallone A, Notarangelo M, Scirocco T et al (2026) Occurrence and genomic characterization of ESBL-, AmpC-, and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from surface water in Southern Italy, 2023\u20132024. Microorganisms 14:508","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"12502_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05333-z","volume":"45","author":"C Aldeia","year":"2026","unstructured":"Aldeia C, Peirano G, Pitout JD et al (2026) Rapid commercial CTX-M diagnostics: performance, limitations and clinical impact. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 45:331\u2013349","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"12502_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-13","volume":"27","author":"BA Evans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Evans BA, Amyes SGB (2014) OXA \u03b2-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev 27:241\u2013263","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12502-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12502-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12502-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:30:16Z","timestamp":1785519016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12502-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12502-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Calabria Regional Ethics Committee (approval no. 44\/2025). Patient data were anonymized, and informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1289"}}