{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:27:11Z","timestamp":1787128031557,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12540-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:00:30Z","timestamp":1787126430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitogenic potential of endogenous GlcNAc-specific lectins from rat brain cell nuclear membranes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1635-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Macharadze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusudan","family":"Akhalkatsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"12540_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1021\/cr940413g","volume":"98","author":"H Lis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lis H, Sharon N (1998) Lectins: carbohydrate-specific proteins that mediate cellular recognition. Chem Rev 98:637\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr940413g","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"12540_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00736C","volume":"52","author":"M Martinez-Bailen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martinez-Bailen M, Roho J, Ramos-Soriano J (2023) Multivalent glycosystems for human lectins. Chem Soc Rev 52:536\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2CS00736C","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"12540_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2001.2610","volume":"396","author":"A Naeem","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naeem A, Khan RH, Vikram H, Akif M (2001) Purification of Cajanus cajan root lectin and its interaction with rhizobial lipopolysaccharide as studied by different spectroscopic techniques. Arch Biochem Biophys 396:99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/abbi.2001.2610","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"12540_CR4","unstructured":"Khan F, Khan RH, Sherwani A, Mohmood S, Azfer MA (2002) Lectins as markers for blood grouping. Med Sci Monit 8:RA293\u2013RA300"},{"key":"12540_CR5","volume-title":"Essentials of glycobiology","author":"A Varki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varki A, Cummings RD, Esko JD et al (2017) Essentials of glycobiology, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"12540_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114004","volume":"25","author":"P Stanley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar V, Bhatia S, Kumar A, et al (2023) Back2Basics: animal lectins: an insight into a highly versatile recognition protein. Biomed Pharmacother 157:114004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"12540_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01010-z","volume":"46","author":"R Jacob","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jacob R, Gorek LS (2024) Intracellular galectin interactions in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 46:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-024-01010-z","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"12540_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0004-8","volume":"18","author":"GD Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown GD, Willment JA, Whitehead L (2018) C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol 18:374\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-018-0004-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"12540_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2022.10111710","volume":"90","author":"S Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan S, Paulson JC (2023) Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 90:101117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2022.10111710","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"12540_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0361457","volume":"36","author":"N Sharon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharon N (2008) Lectins: past, present and future. Biochem Soc Trans 36(6):1457\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BST0361457","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"12540_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00671","volume":"8","author":"JJB Jand\u00fa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jand\u00fa JJB, Moraes Neto RN, Zagmignan A, de Sousa EM, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, dos Santos Correia MT, da Silva LCN (2017) Targeting the immune system with plant lectins to combat microbial infections. Front Pharmacol 8:671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00671","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12540_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53R","DOI":"10.1385\/0-89603-396-1:385","volume":"14","author":"N Sharon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kilpatrick DC (1998) Use of lectins as mitogens for lymphocytes. Methods Mol Med9:385\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/0-89603-396-1:385","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"12540_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030386","volume":"12","author":"N Ganesan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ganesan N, Ronsmans S, Hoet P (2023) Methods to assess proliferation of stimulated human lymphocytes in vitro: a narrative review. Cells 12(3):386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12030386","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"12540_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-017-3783-2","volume":"163","author":"T Macharadze","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macharadze T, Akhalkatsi R (2017) Effect of GlcNAc-, Man- and Gal-specific lectins of the cytosol, nuclear membrane, and nuclear matrix of calf brain cortex on proliferation activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Bull Exp Biol Med 163:338\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10517-017-3783-2","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"12540_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"12540_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(56)90107-0","volume":"11","author":"J Chauveau","year":"1956","unstructured":"Chauveau J, Moule Y, Rouiller C (1956) Isolation of pure and unaltered liver nuclei: morphology and biochemical composition. Exp Cell Res 11(2):317\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4827(56)90107-0","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"12540_CR18","unstructured":"Akhalkatsi R (1999) The biochemical characterization of rat brain cell nuclear N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific lectin and glycoconjugates. Dissertation, Institute of Biochemistry, Georgian National Academy of Sciences."},{"issue":"11","key":"12540_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112796","volume":"10","author":"A Adamcov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adamcov\u00e1 A, Laursen KH, Ballin NZ (2021) Lectin activity in commonly consumed plant-based foods: calling for method harmonization and risk assessment. Foods 10(11):2796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10112796","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"12540_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olson BJSC, Markwell J (2019) Measuring protein concentration with absorbance, Lowry, Bradford, Coomassie Blue, or the Smith bicinchoninic acid assay before electrophoresis. In: Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis: Methods and Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 1855:31\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-8793-1_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8793-1_3"},{"issue":"10","key":"12540_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14759","volume":"286","author":"ME Taylor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor ME, Drickamer K (2019) Mammalian sugar-binding receptors: known functions and unexplored roles. FEBS J 286(10):1800\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.14759","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"12540_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cummings RD, Schnaar RL, Esko JD, Drickamer K, Taylor ME (2022) Principles of glycan recognition. In: Varki A, Cummings RD, Esko JD, Stanley P, Hart GW, Aebi M, Mohnen D, Kinoshita T, Packer NH, Prestegard JH, Schnaar RL, Seeberger PH (eds) Essentials of Glycobiology. 4th edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Chapter 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/glycobiology.4e.29","DOI":"10.1101\/glycobiology.4e.29"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12540-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12540-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12540-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1787126432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12540-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12540-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Biomedical ethics Committee of Davit Tvildiani Medical University Conclusion on Ethical Approval for the study No 2\/04.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1428"}}