{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:33:22Z","timestamp":1786358002052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12555-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:06:20Z","timestamp":1786356380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Esculin attenuates cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and fibrogenic mediators"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Farshad","family":"Zare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hashemnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Cheraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Seydi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"12555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.894","volume":"15","author":"FQ Onofrio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onofrio FQ, Hirschfield GM (2020) The pathophysiology of cholestasis and its relevance to clinical practice. Clin Liver Dis 15:110\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cld.894","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"12555_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14875","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28749","volume":"120","author":"H Sadeghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sadeghi H, Azarmehr N, Razmkhah F, Sadeghi H, Danaei N, Omidifar N, Vakilpour H, Pourghadamyari H, Doustimotlagh AH (2019) The hydroalcoholic extract of watercress attenuates protein oxidation, oxidative stress, and liver damage after bile duct ligation in rats. J Cell Biochem 120:14875\u201314884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.28749","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"12555_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121279","volume":"9","author":"E Ramos-Tovar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P (2020) Molecular mechanisms that link oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. Antioxidants 9:1279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9121279","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"12555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6776","volume":"26","author":"S Spahis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spahis S, Delvin E, Borys JM, Levy E (2017) Oxidative stress as a critical factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 26:519\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2016.6776","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"12555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051107","volume":"10","author":"H Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu H, Chen C, Ziani S, Nelson LJ, \u00c1vila MA, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ (2021) Fibrotic events in the progression of cholestatic liver disease. Cells 10:1107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10051107","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"12555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106909","volume":"88","author":"S Chilvery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chilvery S, Bansod S, Saifi MA, Godugu C (2020) Piperlongumine attenuates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice via inhibition of TGF-\u03b21\/Smad and EMT pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 88:106909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106909","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"12555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930785","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.930785","volume":"13","author":"C Ke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ke C, Gao J, Tu J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z (2022) Ganfule capsule alleviates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Front Pharmacol 13:930785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.930785","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"12555_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-006-0185-2","volume":"126","author":"C Guyot","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guyot C, Combe C, Desmouli\u00e8re A (2006) The common bile duct ligation in rat: A relevant in vivo model to study the role of mechanical stress on cell and matrix behaviour. Histochem Cell Biol 126:517\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-006-0185-2","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"12555_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9420-5_15","volume":"1981","author":"S Van Campenhout","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Campenhout S, Van Vlierberghe H, Devisscher L (2019) Common bile duct ligation as model for secondary biliary cirrhosis. Methods Mol Biol 1981:237\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-9420-5_15","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"12555_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52438","DOI":"10.3791\/52438","volume":"96","author":"CG Tag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tag CG, Sauer-Lehnen S, Weiskirchen S, Borkham-Kamphorst E, Tolba RH, Tacke F, Weiskirchen R (2015) Bile duct ligation in mice: induction of inflammatory liver injury and fibrosis by obstructive cholestasis. J Vis Exp 96:52438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52438","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"12555_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1555469","volume":"13","author":"SF Neong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neong SF, Adebayo D, Wong F (2019) An update on the pathogenesis and clinical management of cirrhosis with refractory ascites. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:293\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474124.2018.1555469","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"12555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1530110","volume":"12","author":"F Tacke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tacke F, Weiskirchen R (2018) An update on the recent advances in antifibrotic therapy. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:1143\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474124.2018.1530110","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"12555_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35306","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035306","volume":"102","author":"T Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai T, Cai B (2023) Pharmacological activities of esculin and esculetin: A review. Med (Baltim) 102:e35306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000035306","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"12555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12536","volume":"27","author":"S Ju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ju S, Tan Y, Wang Q, Zhou L, Wang K, Wen C, Wang M (2024) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of esculin and esculetin (Review). Exp Ther Med 27:248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2024.12536","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"12555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.5246\/jcps.2020.05.030","volume":"29","author":"X Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng X, Yang Y, Li W, Liu M, Zhang S, Wang Y, Du G (2020) Esculin alleviates acute kidney injury and inflammation induced by LPS in mice and its possible mechanism. J Chin Pharm Sci 29:322\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5246\/jcps.2020.05.030","journal-title":"J Chin Pharm Sci"},{"key":"12555_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107711","volume":"221","author":"SL Maiocchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maiocchi SL, Ku J, Thai T, Chan E, Rees MD, Thomas SR (2021) Myeloperoxidase: a versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 221:107711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107711","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"12555_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.07.017","volume":"53","author":"DL Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao DL, Zou LB, Lin S, Shi JG, Zhu HB (2007) Anti-apoptotic effect of esculin on dopamine-induced cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Neuropharmacology 53:724\u2013732","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"12555_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110177","volume":"119","author":"J Ni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ni J, Li G, Dai N, Quan Z, Tong H, Liu Y (2023) Esculin alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and migration. Int Immunopharmacol 119:110177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110177","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"12555_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172453","volume":"857","author":"X Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian X, Peng Z, Luo S, Zhang S, Li B, Zhou C, Fan H (2019) Aesculin protects against DSS-induced colitis through activating PPAR\u03b3 and inhibiting NF-\u03baB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 857:172453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172453","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"12555_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"L Zheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zheng L, Yang L, Wang Z, Chen C, Su Y (2015) Protective effect of esculin in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats via attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 61:1\u20135","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"12555_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.09.020","volume":"125","author":"A Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu A, Shen Y, Du Y, Chen J, Pei F, Fu W, Qiao J (2018) Esculin prevents lipopolysaccharide\/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. Microb Pathog 125:418\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.09.020","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"12555_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1912351","volume":"59","author":"XD Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang XD, Chen Z, Ye L, Chen J, Yang YY (2021) Esculin protects against methionine choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating the Sirt1\/NF-\u03baB p65 pathway. Pharm Biol 59:922\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13880209.2021.1912351","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"12555_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148810","volume":"333","author":"A Emaminia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Emaminia A, Hashemnia M, Cheraghi H, Rezaei F (2025) A novel esculin-loaded bacterial nanocellulose wound dressing enhances cutaneous wound healing via modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and growth factor expression. Int J Biol Macromol 333(Pt 1):148810 Epub Nov 5. PMID: 41203145","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"12555_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155465","volume":"128","author":"S Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu S, Chen Y, Miao J, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Liang J, Chen S, Hou S (2024) Esculin inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by activating the Nrf2\/GPX4 signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 128:155465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155465","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"12555_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3251","volume":"15","author":"F Goudarzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goudarzi F, Kiani A, Moradi M, Haghshenas B, Hashemnia M, Karami A, Mohammadalipour A (2021) Intraprostatic injection of exosomes isolated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 15:1144\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/term.3251","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"12555_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122143","volume":"333","author":"M Rostami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rostami M, Aghaei M, Ghanadian M, Hashemnia M, Moezzi ND, Mohammadalipour A (2023) Evaluation of the flavonol-rich fraction of Rosa damascena in an animal model of liver fibrosis by targeting fibrotic cytokines, antioxidant\/oxidant ratio and collagen cross-linking. Life Sci 333:122143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122143","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"12555_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2023.2235007","volume":"64","author":"A Oryan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Mohammadi S (2023) Healing potential of curcumin nanomicelles in cutaneous burn wounds: an in vitro and in vivo study. Connect Tissue Res 64:555\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03008207.2023.2235007","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"12555_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12196-8","volume":"7","author":"J Pei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pei J, Fan L, Nan K, Shi Z, Dang X, Wang K (2017) Excessive activation of TLR4\/NF-\u03baB interactively suppresses the canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway and induces SANFH in SD rats. Sci Rep 7:11928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-12196-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"12555_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13060487","volume":"13","author":"S Xia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xia S, Yuan C, Long W, Wu Z, Li X, Wang N, Gao M, Li Z, Li P, Liu P, Qu X, Sun L (2025) Intratracheal administration of polystyrene micro(nano)plastics with a mixed particle size promote pulmonary fibrosis in rats by activating TGF-\u03b21 signaling and destabilizing mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Toxics 13:487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics13060487","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"12555_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6","volume":"22","author":"K Ishak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L, Callea F, De Groote J, Gudat F, Denk H, Desmet V, Korb G, MacSween RN (1995) Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 22:696\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"12555_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2008.12.002","volume":"112","author":"B Aksu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aksu B, Umit H, Kanter M, Guzel A, Aktas C, Civelek S, Uzun H (2010) Effects of methylene blue in reducing cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile-duct ligation in rats. Acta Histochem 112:259\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2008.12.002","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"12555_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2018.1504960","volume":"43","author":"J Karimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karimi J, Mohammadalipour A, Sheikh N, Khodadadi I, Hashemnia M, Goudarzi F, Khanjarsim V, Solgi G, Hajilooi M, Bahabadi M, Kheiripour N, Hedayatyanfard K (2018) Protective effects of combined losartan and nilotinib on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 43:468\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01480545.2018.1504960","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"12555_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26087","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125942","volume":"16","author":"S Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y (2015) The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases. Int J Mol Sci 16:26087\u201326124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms161125942","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12555_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1331","volume":"8","author":"S Mitchell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitchell S, Vargas J, Hoffmann A (2016) Signaling via the NF\u03baB system. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 8:227\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wsbm.1331","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med"},{"key":"12555_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1159\/000493292","volume":"49","author":"Z Weng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weng Z, Chi Y, Xie J, Liu X, Hu J, Yang F, Li L (2018) Anti-inflammatory activity of dehydroandrographolide by TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway inhibition in bile duct-ligated mice. Cell Physiol Biochem 49:1083\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000493292","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"12555_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2208","volume":"16","author":"V Barry-Hamilton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barry-Hamilton V, Spangler R, Marshall D, McCauley S, Rodriguez HM, Oyasu M, Mikels A, Vaysberg M, Ghermazien H, Wai C, Garcia CA, Velayo AC, Jorgensen B, Biermann D, Tsai D, Green J, Zaffryar-Eilot S, Holzer A, Ogg S, Thai D, Smith V (2010) Allosteric inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like-2 impedes the development of a pathologic microenvironment. Nat Med 16:1009\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2208","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"12555_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.09.009","volume":"6","author":"RM Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu RM, Desai LP (2015) Reciprocal regulation of TGF-\u03b2 and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis. Redox Biol 6:565\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2015.09.009","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"12555_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06243-0","volume":"7","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Fu X, Zeng L, Hu Y, Gao R, Xian S, Liao S, Huang J, Yang Y, Liu J, Jin H, Klaunig J, Lu Y, Zhou S (2024) Activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway exacerbates cholestatic liver injury. Commun Biol 7:621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-024-06243-0","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"12555_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01450","volume":"8","author":"X Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen X, Peng Y, Li H (2017) The Injury-Related Activation of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Modulates the Repair-Associated Inflammation in Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 8:1450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01450","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"12555_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm050231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050231","volume":"16","author":"A Martinez Lyons","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L (2023) NOTCH signalling - a core regulator of bile duct disease. Dis Model Mech 16(9):dmm050231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.050231","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12555-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12555-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12555-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:06:21Z","timestamp":1786356381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12555-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12555-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed under the approval of the State Committee on Animal Ethics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran (IR.RAZI.AEC.1403.035). Additionally, recommendations of the European Council Directive (86\/609\/EC) of November 24, 1986, regarding the protection of animals used for experimental purposes were considered. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1372"}}