{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:46:35Z","timestamp":1787323595534,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12628-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:17:55Z","timestamp":1787314675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D\u2083 in cancer prevention and therapy: molecular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Shahid Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumbul","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajer N.","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengku Ahmad","family":"Damitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Jamil","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8174-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa M.","family":"Gouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"12628_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"73","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS et al (2023) Cancer statistics, 2023. Cancer J Clin 73:1\u201312","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"12628_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2012.01.011","volume":"6","author":"M De Palma","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Palma M, Hanahan D (2012) The biology of personalized cancer medicine: facing individual complexities underlying hallmark capabilities. Mol Oncol 6:111\u2013127","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"12628_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144:646\u2013674","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"12628_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235122","volume":"339","author":"B Vogelstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE et al (2013) Cancer genome landscapes. Science 339:1546\u20131558","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"12628_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578x241311079","volume":"20","author":"MM Gouda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gouda MM (2025) Editorial \u2013 natural antioxidant phytochemicals: anticancer impacts, mode of action, and recent biotechnological applications. Nat Prod Commun 20:1934578X241311079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1934578x241311079","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"key":"12628_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-0262-5","volume":"8","author":"WB Grant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grant WB, Moukayed M (2019) Vitamin D 3 from ultraviolet-B exposure or oral intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality. Curr Nutr Rep 8:203\u2013211","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"12628_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00530","volume":"9","author":"CH Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang CH, Sun TL, Xiang DX et al (2018) Anticancer activity and mechanism of xanthohumol: a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Front Pharmacol 9:530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.00530","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"12628_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.337.6101.1476","volume-title":"Uncertain verdict as vitamin D goes on trial","author":"K Kupferschmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kupferschmidt K (2012) Uncertain verdict as vitamin D goes on trial. American Association for the Advancement of Science"},{"key":"12628_CR9","first-page":"320","volume":"72","author":"SS Dharshan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dharshan SS, Ramamurthy K, Kaliraj S et al (2025) Combined effects of vitamin D3 and dioxopiperidinamide derivative on lipid homeostasis, inflammatory pathways, and redox imbalance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vivo zebrafish model. Biotechnol Appl Chem 72:320\u2013339","journal-title":"Biotechnol Appl Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114278","author":"Q Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai Q, Sun Q, Ouyang X et al (2023) Antitumor activity of s-triazine derivatives: a systematic review. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28114278","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"12628_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3691","volume":"14","author":"D Feldman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feldman D, Krishnan AV, Swami S et al (2014) The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression. Nat Rev Cancer 14:342\u2013357","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"12628_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(77)91674-6","volume":"76","author":"M Holick","year":"1977","unstructured":"Holick M, Frommer J, McNeill S et al (1977) Photometabolism of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 in skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 76:107\u2013114","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"12628_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1087S","volume":"87","author":"JE Zerwekh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zerwekh JE (2008) Blood biomarkers of vitamin D status. Am J Clin Nutr 87:1087S\u20131091S","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"12628_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1867-7","volume":"16","author":"B Dawson-Hughes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF et al (2005) Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int 16:713\u2013716","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"12628_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick MF (2007) Vitamin D. deficiency. N Engl J Med 357:266\u2013281","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12628_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944","volume":"380","author":"JE Manson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee I-M et al (2019) Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 380:33\u201344","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12628_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1730","volume":"167","author":"P Autier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Autier P, Gandini S (2007) Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 167:1730\u20131737","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"12628_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0004","volume":"29","author":"R Bouillon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Verlinden L et al (2008) Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev 29:726\u2013776","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"12628_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3283557bf0","volume":"21","author":"H Tamez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tamez H, Thadhani RI (2012) Vitamin D and hypertension: an update and review. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 21:492\u2013499","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"12628_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.007","volume":"103","author":"CF Garland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB et al (2007) Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 103:708\u2013711","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"12628_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00317","volume":"10","author":"DD Bikle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bikle DD, Schwartz J (2019) Vitamin D binding protein, total and free vitamin D levels in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Front Endocrinol 10:317","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"12628_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.05.010","volume":"25","author":"MR Haussler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haussler MR, Jurutka PW, Mizwicki M et al (2011) Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions of 1\u03b1, 25 (OH) 2vitamin D3: Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 25:543\u2013559","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"12628_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.03.016","volume":"453","author":"C Carlberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carlberg C (2017) Molecular endocrinology of vitamin D on the epigenome level. Mol Cell Endocrinol 453:14\u201321","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"12628_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030135","volume":"8","author":"CS Hii","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hii CS, Ferrante A (2016) The non-genomic actions of vitamin D. Nutrients 8:135","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"12628_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.07.135","volume":"240","author":"J Mile\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mile\u0161evi\u0107 J, Samaniego L, Kiely M et al (2018) Specialized food composition dataset for vitamin D content in foods based on European standards: Application to dietary intake assessment. Food Chem 240:544\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.07.135","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.01.182","volume":"254","author":"P Lo\u017enjak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lo\u017enjak P, Jakobsen J (2018) Stability of vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in oil, fish and mushrooms after household cooking. Food Chem 254:144\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.01.182","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000733","volume":"92","author":"E Benedik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benedik E (2022) Sources of vitamin D for humans. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 92:118\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000733","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"12628_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101373","author":"Y Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Y, Alessandroni L, Angeloni S et al (2024) From 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3: optimization of UV conversion procedures toward the valorization of fish waste matrices. Food Chemistry: X. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101373","journal-title":"Food Chemistry: X"},{"key":"12628_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(95)00225-1","volume":"57","author":"H Indyk","year":"1996","unstructured":"Indyk H, Littlejohn V, Woollard DC (1996) Stability of vitamin D3 during spray-drying of milk. Food Chem 57:283\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0308-8146(95)00225-1","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.05.018","volume":"102","author":"LL Barnkob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barnkob LL, Argyraki A, Jakobsen J (2020) Naturally enhanced eggs as a source of vitamin D: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 102:62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.05.018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"12628_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100248","author":"MU Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan MU, Gautam G, Jan B et al (2022) Vitamin D from vegetable VV sources: hope for the future. Phytomedicine Plus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100248","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Plus"},{"key":"12628_CR32","first-page":"47","volume":"56","author":"DL Ellison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellison DL, Moran HR (2021) Vitamin D: vitamin or hormone? Nurs Clin 56:47\u201357","journal-title":"Nurs Clin"},{"key":"12628_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860","volume":"85","author":"E Hypp\u00f6nen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hypp\u00f6nen E, Power C (2007) Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors. Am J Clin Nutr 85:860\u2013868","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"12628_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.11.2359","volume":"34","author":"JE Compston","year":"1981","unstructured":"Compston JE, Vedi S, Ledger JE et al (1981) Vitamin D status and bone histomorphometry in gross obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 34:2359\u20132363","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"12628_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10397","volume":"4","author":"MS Elkhwanky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elkhwanky MS, Kummu O, Piltonen TT et al (2020) Obesity represses CYP2R1, the vitamin D 25 hydroxylase, in the liver and extrahepatic tissues. JBMR Plus 4:e10397","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"12628_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/841248","author":"C Cipriani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cipriani C, Pepe J, Piemonte S et al (2014) Vitamin D and its relationship with obesity and muscle. Int J Endocrinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/841248","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"12628_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.404","volume":"20","author":"AT Drincic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drincic AT, Armas LA, Van Diest EE et al (2012) Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity. Obesity 20:1444\u20131448","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"12628_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106538","volume":"50","author":"SJ Rosenstreich","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rosenstreich SJ, Rich C, Volwiler W (1971) Deposition in and release of vitamin D 3 from body fat: evidence for a storage site in the rat. J Clin Investig 50:679\u2013687","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"12628_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.07.070","volume":"16","author":"M Ryden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryden M, Hrydziuszko O, Mileti E et al (2016) The adipose transcriptional response to insulin is determined by obesity, not insulin sensitivity. Cell Rep 16:2317\u20132326","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"12628_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.06.008","volume":"138","author":"P Malmberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malmberg P, Karlsson T, Svensson H et al (2014) A new approach to measuring vitamin D in human adipose tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: a pilot study. J Photochem Photobiol B 138:295\u2013301","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"12628_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2021.10.2.130","volume":"10","author":"CY Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park CY, Han SN (2021) The role of vitamin D in adipose tissue biology: adipocyte differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. J Lipid Atherosclerosis 10:130","journal-title":"J Lipid Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"12628_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12239","volume":"16","author":"M Pereira-Santos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pereira-Santos M, Costa PF, Ad A et al (2015) Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Obes Rev 16:341\u2013349","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"12628_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030949","volume":"5","author":"S Vanlint","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vanlint S (2013) Vitamin D and obesity. Nutrients 5:949\u2013956","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"12628_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11040255","volume":"11","author":"LJ Dominguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dominguez LJ, Farruggia M, Veronese N et al (2021) Vitamin D sources, metabolism, and deficiency: available compounds and guidelines for its treatment. Metabolites 11:255","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"12628_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000490669","volume":"73","author":"FJ Ruiz-Ojeda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Leis R et al (2018) Genetic factors and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and obesity relationship. Annals Nutr Metabolism 73:89\u201399","journal-title":"Annals Nutr Metabolism"},{"key":"12628_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2247","volume":"30","author":"G Targher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R et al (2007) Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 30:1212\u20131218","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"12628_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55090541","volume":"55","author":"L Vrani\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vrani\u0107 L, Mikola\u0161evi\u0107 I, Mili\u0107 S (2019) Vitamin D. deficiency: consequence or cause of obesity? Medicina (Kaunas) 55:541","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"12628_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-018-0443-7","volume":"11","author":"H Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo H, Guo J, Xie W et al (2018) The role of vitamin D in ovarian cancer: epidemiology, molecular mechanism and prevention. J ovarian Res 11:1\u20138","journal-title":"J ovarian Res"},{"key":"12628_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.5.6516","volume":"85","author":"E Falkenstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Falkenstein E, Norman AW, Wehling M (2000) Mannheim classification of nongenomically initiated (rapid) steroid action (s). The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85:2072\u20132075","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"12628_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.4.1193","author":"G Jones","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jones G, Strugnell SA, DeLUCA HF (1998) Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D. Physiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.4.1193","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"12628_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.02.015","volume":"112","author":"MJ Duffy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duffy MJ, Murray A, Synnott NC et al (2017) Vitamin D analogues: Potential use in cancer treatment. Crit Rev Oncol\/Hematol 112:190\u2013197","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol\/Hematol"},{"key":"12628_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2196","volume":"7","author":"KK Deeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deeb KK, Trump DL, Johnson CS (2007) Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 7:684\u2013700","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"12628_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7392","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402207101","volume":"101","author":"I Nemere","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nemere I, Farach-Carson M, Rohe B et al (2004) Ribozyme knockdown functionally links a 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 membrane binding protein (1, 25D3-MARRS) and phosphate uptake in intestinal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:7392\u20137397","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"12628_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0946","volume":"147","author":"AW Norman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Norman AW (2006) Vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor. Endocrinology 147:5542\u20135548","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"12628_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1039","volume":"12","author":"W Banach-Petrosky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Banach-Petrosky W, Ouyang X, Gao H et al (2006) Vitamin D inhibits the formation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in Nkx3. 1; Pten mutant mice. Clin Cancer Res 12:5895\u20135901","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"12628_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ylikomi T, Laaksi I, Lou Y-R et al (2002) Antiproliferative action of vitamin D","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(02)64010-5"},{"key":"12628_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4644(20010315)80:4<471::AID-JCB1001>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"80","author":"X Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang X, Studzinski GP (2001) Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) defines the first phase of 1, 25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D3\u2010induced differentiation of HL60 cells. J Cell Biochem 80:471\u2013482","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"12628_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148054","volume":"330","author":"X Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng X, Hou Y, Luo L et al (2025) Multifaceted roles of heparin and its derivatives in inflammation and cancer: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions. Int J Biol Macromol 330:148054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148054","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"12628_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48030","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308430200","volume":"278","author":"F Jiang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jiang F, Li P, Fornace AJ et al (2003) G2\/M arrest by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in ovarian cancer cells mediated through the induction of GADD45 via an exonic enhancer. J Biol Chem 278:48030\u201348040","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR60","first-page":"1370","volume":"15","author":"SS Jensen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jensen SS, Madsen MW, Lukas J et al (2001) Inhibitory effects of 1\u03b1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the G1\u2013S phase-controlling machinery. Mol Endocrinol 15:1370\u20131380","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"12628_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1317","volume":"283","author":"J Yanagisawa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yanagisawa J, Yanagi Y, Masuhiro Y et al (1999) Convergence of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. Science 283:1317\u20131321","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"12628_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2405","volume":"164","author":"G Penna","year":"2000","unstructured":"Penna G, Adorini L (2000) 1\u03b1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of dendritic cells leading to impaired alloreactive T cell activation. J Immunol 164:2405\u20132411","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"12628_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8565","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0905","volume":"66","author":"I Chung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chung I, Wong MK, Flynn G et al (2006) Differential antiproliferative effects of calcitriol on tumor-derived and matrigel-derived endothelial cells. Cancer Res 66:8565\u20138573","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"12628_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6533","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208801","volume":"24","author":"NI Fernandez-Garcia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernandez-Garcia NI, Palmer HG, Garcia M et al (2005) 1\u03b1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the expression of Id1 and Id2 genes and the angiogenic phenotype of human colon carcinoma cells. Oncogene 24:6533\u20136544","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"12628_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgl041","volume":"27","author":"B-Y Bao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bao B-Y, Yao J, Lee Y-F (2006) 1\u03b1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 suppresses interleukin-8-mediated prostate cancer cell angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 27:1883\u20131893","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"12628_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8704","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M608894200","volume":"282","author":"I Chung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chung I, Karpf AR, Muindi JR et al (2007) Epigenetic silencing of CYP24 in tumor-derived endothelial cells contributes to selective growth inhibition by calcitriol. J Biol Chem 282:8704\u20138714","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53213","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410395200","volume":"279","author":"F Jiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jiang F, Bao J, Li P et al (2004) Induction of ovarian cancer cell apoptosis by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 through the down-regulation of telomerase. J Biol Chem 279:53213\u201353221","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"12628_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.06.006","volume":"25","author":"A Woloszynska-Read","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woloszynska-Read A, Johnson CS, Trump DL (2011) Vitamin D and cancer: clinical aspects. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 25:605\u2013615","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"12628_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061798","volume":"12","author":"M Negri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Negri M, Gentile A, de Angelis C et al (2020) Vitamin D-induced molecular mechanisms to potentiate cancer therapy and to reverse drug-resistance in cancer cells. Nutrients 12:1798","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"12628_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093285","volume":"13","author":"P Gnagnarella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gnagnarella P, Muzio V, Caini S et al (2021) Vitamin D supplementation and cancer mortality: narrative review of observational studies and clinical trials. Nutrients 13:3285","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"12628_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612467824","volume":"28","author":"K Robien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robien K, Oppeneer SJ, Kelly JA et al (2013) Drug\u2013vitamin D interactions: a systematic review of the literature. Nutr Clin Pract 28:194\u2013208","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"12628_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-021-00272-9","volume":"40","author":"E Kazemian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazemian E, Akbari ME, Moradi N et al (2021) Assessment the effect of vitamin D supplementation on plasma vitamin D levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers based on vitamin D receptor genetic variation in breast cancer survivors: a protocol for clinical trial. J Health Popul Nutr 40:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"12628_CR73","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"L Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong L, Li Y, Xiong L et al (2021) Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target therapy 6:1\u201348","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target therapy"},{"key":"12628_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09693-7","volume":"22","author":"JP Bilezikian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bilezikian JP, Formenti AM, Adler RA et al (2021) Vitamin D: dosing, levels, form, and route of administration: does one approach fit all? Reviews Endocr Metabolic Disorders 22:1201\u20131218","journal-title":"Reviews Endocr Metabolic Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"12628_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2250681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50681","volume":"6","author":"DK Tobias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tobias DK, Luttmann-Gibson H, Mora S et al (2023) Association of body weight with response to vitamin D supplementation and metabolism. JAMA Netw Open 6:e2250681","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"12628_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_5","volume-title":"Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari HA (2008) Optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for multiple health outcomes. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Springer, New York, NY., pp 55\u201371"},{"key":"12628_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24494","volume":"5","author":"M Wacker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wacker M, Holick MF (2013) Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermato-Endocrinology 5:51\u2013108","journal-title":"Dermato-Endocrinology"},{"key":"12628_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00593-z","volume":"18","author":"R Bouillon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C et al (2022) The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies. Nat Reviews Endocrinol 18:96\u2013110","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Endocrinol"},{"key":"12628_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00561-w","volume":"19","author":"BE Alathari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alathari BE, Sabta AA, Kalpana CA et al (2020) Vitamin D pathway-related gene polymorphisms and their association with metabolic diseases: A literature review. J Diabetes Metabolic Disorders 19:1701\u20131729","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metabolic Disorders"},{"key":"12628_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2840-0","volume":"54","author":"VK Maurya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maurya VK, Aggarwal M (2017) Factors influencing the absorption of vitamin D in GIT: an overview. J Food Sci Technol 54:3753\u20133765","journal-title":"J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"12628_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0558-y","volume":"74","author":"K Amrein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amrein K, Scherkl M, Hoffmann M et al (2020) Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. Eur J Clin Nutr 74:1498\u20131513","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"12628_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/oncol.2021.522","author":"V Giglio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giglio V, Schneider P, Madden K et al (2021) Published randomized controlled trials of surveillance in cancer patients-a systematic review. Oncol Rev. 15: 235901311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/oncol.2021.522","journal-title":"Oncol Rev"},{"key":"12628_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3390\/nutraceuticals3030030","volume":"3","author":"V Sorrenti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sorrenti V, Buriani A, Davinelli S et al (2023) Vitamin D physiology, deficiency, genetic influence, and the effects of daily vs. bolus doses of vitamin D on overall health: a clinical approach. Nutraceuticals 3:403\u2013420","journal-title":"Nutraceuticals"},{"issue":"1","key":"12628_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01671-8","volume":"22","author":"M Naderi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naderi M, Kordestani H, Sahebi Z et al (2022) Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines following combination of yoga training and vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 22:90","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"12628_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","volume":"96","author":"MF Holick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al (2011) Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol metabolism 96:1911\u20131930","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol metabolism"},{"key":"12628_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.33176\/AACB-20-00006","volume":"41","author":"I Ramasamy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramasamy I (2020) Vitamin D metabolism and guidelines for vitamin D supplementation. Clin Biochemist Reviews 41:103","journal-title":"Clin Biochemist Reviews"},{"key":"12628_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09101.ORR","volume":"15","author":"AV Yamshchikov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamshchikov AV, Desai NS, Blumberg HM et al (2009) Vitamin D for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases; A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Endocr Pract 15:438\u2013449","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"12628_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.988274","volume":"53","author":"M Giammanco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giammanco M, Di Majo D, La Guardia M et al (2015) Vitamin D in cancer chemoprevention. Pharm Biol 53:1399\u20131434","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"12628_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2018.09.002","volume":"9","author":"X Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu X, Hu W, Lu L et al (2019) Repurposing vitamin D for treatment of human malignancies via targeting tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sinica B 9:203\u2013219","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sinica B"},{"key":"12628_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.1021","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang H, Chen W, Li D et al (2017) Vitamin D and chronic diseases. Aging disease 8:346","journal-title":"Aging disease"},{"key":"12628_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.045260","volume":"96","author":"CF Garland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED et al (2006) The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention. Am J Public Health 96:252\u2013261","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"12628_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1290-9","volume":"56","author":"L Cianferotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cianferotti L, Bertoldo F, Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al (2017) Vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and management of major chronic diseases not related to mineral homeostasis in adults: research for evidence and a scientific statement from the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Endocrine 56:245\u2013261","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"12628_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e3283640f74","volume":"7","author":"KA Kennel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kennel KA, Drake MT (2013) Vitamin D in the cancer patient. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 7:272\u2013277","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"12628_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5333.1827","volume":"277","author":"K-i Takeyama","year":"1997","unstructured":"Takeyama K-i, Kitanaka S, Sato T et al (1997) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1\u03b1-hydroxylase and vitamin D synthesis. Science 277:1827\u20131830","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"12628_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.11.012","volume":"129","author":"EW Tieu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tieu EW, Li W, Chen J et al (2012) Metabolism of cholesterol, vitamin D3 and 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 incorporated into phospholipid vesicles by human CYP27A1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 129:163\u2013171","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"12628_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402490101","volume":"101","author":"JB Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng JB, Levine MA, Bell NH et al (2004) Genetic evidence that the human CYP2R1 enzyme is a key vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:7711\u20137715","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"12628_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13895","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241516998","volume":"98","author":"A Nykjaer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nykjaer A, Fyfe JC, Kozyraki R et al (2001) Cubilin dysfunction causes abnormal metabolism of the steroid hormone 25 (OH) vitamin D3. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:13895\u201313900","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"12628_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq155","volume":"19","author":"J Ahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahn J, Yu K, Stolzenberg-Solomon R et al (2010) Genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D levels. Hum Mol Genet 19:2739\u20132745","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"12628_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.08106","volume":"1","author":"N Yamamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Yamamoto N (2008) Immunotherapy for prostate cancer with Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF. Translational Oncol 1:65\u201372","journal-title":"Translational Oncol"},{"key":"12628_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081954","volume":"11","author":"V Fedirko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fedirko V, Mandle HB, Zhu W et al (2019) Vitamin D-related genes, blood vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in western european populations. Nutrients 11:1954","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12628-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12628-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12628-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:10:38Z","timestamp":1787321438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12628-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12628-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest among the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This manuscript does not involve human subjects, animal experiments, or identifiable patient information. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1445"}}