{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T11:18:45Z","timestamp":1788002325207,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12673-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T11:06:46Z","timestamp":1788001606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ginsenosides: potential therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting ferroptosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"12673_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-026-02538-y","volume":"27","author":"Y Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li Y, Ulrich JD, Holtzman DM (2026) Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Nat Immunol 27(7):1375\u20131389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-026-02538-y","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"12673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103157","volume":"119","author":"J Xiang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xiang J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Urolithin A (2026) Potential to enhance autophagic clearance and mitigate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev 119:103157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103157","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"8064","key":"12673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08700-0","volume":"641","author":"N Sawamoto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sawamoto N, Doi D, Nakanishi E, Sawamura M, Kikuchi T, Yamakado H, Taruno Y, Shima A, Fushimi Y, Okada T, Kikuchi T, Morizane A, Hiramatsu S, Anazawa T, Shindo T, Ueno K, Morita S, Arakawa Y, Nakamoto Y, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Takahashi J (2025) Phase I\/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nature 641(8064):971\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-08700-0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"39","key":"12673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2403058","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403058","volume":"11","author":"LF Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi LF, Liu S, Fang Q, Qian C, Peng C, Liu Y, Yang P, Wu P, Shan L, Cui Q, Hua Q, Yang S, Ye C, Yang W, Li P, Xu X (2024) Ginsenoside Rg3 Restores Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Homeostasis via GRB2 to Prevent Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Adv Sci (Weinh) 11(39):e2403058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202403058","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"11","key":"12673_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.2781","volume":"82","author":"HM Bronte-Stewart","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bronte-Stewart HM, Beudel M, Ostrem JL, Little S, Almeida L, Ramirez-Zamora A, Fasano A, Hassell T, Mitchell KT, Moro E, Gostkowski M, Chattree G, de Bie RMA, de Neeling M, Pi\u00f1a-Fuentes D, Swinnen B, Starr PA, Hammer LH, Foote KD, Richardson RM, Flaherty A, Boogers A, Sa\u2019di Q, Meoni S, Castrioto A, Stanslaski S, Summers RLS, Tonder L, Tan Y, Berrier H, Goble TJ, Raike RS, Herrington TM (2025) ADAPT-PD Investigators. Long-Term Personalized Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson Disease: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 82(11):1171\u20131180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.2781","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"12673_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lorenz SM, Wahida A, Bostock MJ, Seibt T, Santos Dias Mour\u00e3o A, Levkina A, Tr\u00fcmbach D, Soudy M, Emler D, Rothammer N, Woo MS, Sonner JK, Novikova M, Henkelmann B, Aldrovandi M, Kaemena DF, Mishima E, Vermonden P, Zong Z, Cheng D, Nakamura T, Ito J, Doll S, Proneth B, B\u00fcrkle E, Rizzollo F, Escamilla Ayala A, Napolitano V, Kolonko-Adamska M, Gaussmann S, Merl-Pham J, Hauck S, Pertek A, Orschmann T, van San E, Vanden Berghe T, Hass D, Maida A, Frenz JM, Pedrera L, Dolga A, Kraiger M, de Hrab\u00e9 M, Fuchs H, Ebert G, Lenberg J, Friedman J, Scale C, Agostinis P, Zimprich A, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Garrett L, H\u00f6lter SM, Wurst W, Glaab E, Lewerenz J, Popper B, Sieben C, Steinacker P, Zischka H, Garcia-Saez AJ, Tietze A, Ramesh SK, Ayton S, Vincendeau M, Friese MA, Wigby K, Sattler M, Mann M, Ingold I, Jayavelu AK, Popowicz GM, Conrad M (2025) A fin-loop-like structure in GPX4 underlies neuroprotection from ferroptosis. Cell. S0092-8674(25)01310-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2025.11.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.11.014"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02071-0","volume":"10","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen L, Shen Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Sun L, Ma X, Song N, Xie J (2025) Homeostasis and metabolism of iron and other metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-02071-0","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"12673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683876","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683876","volume":"16","author":"Y Yi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yi Y, Jia P, Xie P, Peng X, Zhu X, Yin S, Luo Y, Deng Y, Wan L (2025) Beyond oxidative stress: Ferroptosis as a novel orchestrator in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 16:1683876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683876","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"12673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.06.033","volume":"51","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liao X, Guo Q, Zhang H, Ye L, Yu L, Kong X, Jiang Y, Zhao P, Cai K, Cheng H (2025) Dual-pathway targeted therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease: Biomimetic nanosomes inhibit ferroptosis and pyroptosis through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Bioact Mater 51:825\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.06.033","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"8021","key":"12673_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07623-6","volume":"631","author":"HKC Co","year":"2024","unstructured":"Co HKC, Wu CC, Lee YC, Chen SH (2024) Emergence of large-scale cell death through ferroptotic trigger waves. Nature 631(8021):654\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07623-6","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.10.006","volume":"37","author":"X Zha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zha X, Liu X, Wei M, Huang H, Cao J, Liu S, Bian X, Zhang Y, Xiao F, Xie Y, Wang W, Zhang C (2025) Microbiota-derived lysophosphatidylcholine alleviates Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology via suppressing ferroptosis. Cell Metab 37(1):169\u2013186e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.10.006","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"41","key":"12673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2409329","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409329","volume":"36","author":"L Lei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lei L, Yuan J, Dai Z, Xiang S, Tu Q, Cui X, Zhai S, Chen X, He Z, Fang B, Xu Z, Yu H, Tang L, Zhang C (2024) Targeting the Labile Iron Pool with Engineered DFO Nanosheets to Inhibit Ferroptosis for Parkinson\u2019s Disease Therapy. Adv Mater 36(41):e2409329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202409329","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00398-6","volume":"13","author":"Q Ru","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ru Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Wu Y, Min J, Wang F (2025) Iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in muscle diseases and disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Bone Res 13(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-024-00398-6","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"12673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li F, Tao S, Wang S, Ren T, Qiu M, Xu X New Perspectives on oligodendrocytes: Guardians of iron homeostasis and defenders against ferroptosis. J Adv Res. 2026:S2090-1232(26)00356-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2026.04.052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.04.052"},{"key":"12673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155168","volume":"122","author":"L She","year":"2024","unstructured":"She L, Sun J, Xiong L, Li A, Li L, Wu H, Ren J, Wang W, Liang G, Zhao X (2024) Ginsenoside RK1 improves cognitive impairments and pathological changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via stimulation of the AMPK\/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 122:155168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155168","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"12673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156239","volume":"135","author":"X Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan X, Bai X, Sun G, Duan Z, Fu R, Zeng W, Zhu C, Fan D (2024) Ginsenoside compound K alleviates brain aging by inhibiting ferroptosis through modulation of the ASK1-MKK7-JNK signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 135:156239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156239","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"12673_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178678","volume":"1019","author":"F Tang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tang F, Chen H, Wang S, Pang J, He S, Chen X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang Y (2026) Ginsenoside compound K targets DUSP5 to inhibit the malignant progression of glioblastoma via the ERK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 1019:178678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178678","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"12673_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118205","volume":"330","author":"L Kong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kong L, Liu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Ji P, Shi Q, Han M, Xu H, Li W, Li W (2024) Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates chronic inflammation-induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive impairments via regulation of AIM2 - Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 330:118205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118205","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01564-3","volume":"17","author":"F Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen F, Kang R, Tang D, Liu J (2024) Ferroptosis: principles and significance in health and disease. J Hematol Oncol 17(1):41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-024-01564-3","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"12673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li F, Tao S, Wang S, Ren T, Qiu M, Xu X (2026) New Perspectives on oligodendrocytes: Guardians of iron homeostasis and defenders against ferroptosis. J Adv Res S2090\u201312322600356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2026.04.052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.04.052"},{"issue":"3","key":"12673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05716-0","volume":"14","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Fang ZM, Yi X, Wei X, Jiang DS (2023) The interaction between ferroptosis and inflammatory signaling pathways. Cell Death Dis 14(3):205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05716-0","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","volume":"31","author":"D Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang D, Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G (2021) Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications. Cell Res 31(2):107\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00806-0","volume":"25","author":"M Kampmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kampmann M (2024) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 25(5):351\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-024-00806-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01155-0","volume":"11","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Peng SJ, Wang Y, Chen X, Wu TT, Feng Y, Wang XX, Yin H, Wu YC (2025) ALDH2 protects against dopaminergic neuronal cell ferroptosis by enhancing the enzyme activity of PRDX6 in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 11(1):350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-01155-0","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"12673_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70103","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70103","volume":"21","author":"Y Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao Y, Huang MY, Mao CH, Wang X, Xu YY, Qian XJ, Ma C, Qiu WY, Zhu YC (2025) Structural changes in cerebral microvasculature induced by ferroptosis contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an autopsy study. Alzheimers Dement 21(4):e70103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.70103","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"12673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20230173","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230173","volume":"222","author":"Z Cai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai Z, Wang S, Cao S, Chen Y, Penati S, Peng V, Yuede CM, Beatty WL, Lin K, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Colonna M (2025) Loss of ATG7 in microglia impairs UPR, triggers ferroptosis, and weakens amyloid pathology control. J Exp Med 222(4):e20230173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20230173","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00691-8","volume":"19","author":"JR Liddell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liddell JR, Hilton JBW, Kysenius K, Billings JL, Nikseresht S, McInnes LE, Hare DJ, Paul B, Mercer SW, Belaidi AA, Ayton S, Roberts BR, Beckman JS, McLean CA, White AR, Donnelly PS, Bush AI, Crouch PJ (2024) Microglial ferroptotic stress causes non-cell autonomous neuronal death. Mol Neurodegener 19(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-023-00691-8","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"12673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.350211.122","volume":"37","author":"S Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song S, Su Z, Kon N, Chu B, Li H, Jiang X, Luo J, Stockwell BR, Gu W (2023) ALOX5-mediated ferroptosis acts as a distinct cell death pathway upon oxidative stress in Huntington\u2019s disease. Genes Dev 37(5\u20136):204\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.350211.122","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"9","key":"12673_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01195-0","volume":"30","author":"E Van San","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van San E, Debruyne AC, Veeckmans G, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Zheng H, Choi SM, Augustyns K, van Loo G, Michalke B, Venkataramani V, Toyokuni S, Bayir H, Vandenabeele P, Hassannia B, Vanden Berghe T (2023) Ferroptosis contributes to multiple sclerosis and its pharmacological targeting suppresses experimental disease progression. Cell Death Differ 30(9):2092\u20132103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-023-01195-0","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"10510","key":"12673_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01294-2","volume":"406","author":"GB Frisoni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Frisoni GB, Hansson O, Nichols E, Garibotto V, Schindler SE, van der Flier WM, Jessen F, Villain N, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Crivelli L, Fortea J, Grinberg LT, Ismail Z, Minoshima S, Ossenkoppele R, Zetterberg H, Petersen RC, Dubois B (2025) New landscape of the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet 406(10510):1389\u20131407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01294-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"37","key":"12673_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04175","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504175","volume":"12","author":"F Alves","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alves F, Lane D, Wahida A, Jakaria M, Kalinowski P, Southon A, Belaidi AA, Samperi-Esteve T, Nguyen TPM, Lei P, Krueger M, Mueller S, Conrad M, Agarwal P, Leurgans SE, Schneider J, Bush AI, Ayton S (2025) Aberrant Mitochondrial Metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Links Energy Stress with Ferroptosis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 12(37):e04175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202504175","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"12673_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu K, Kou D, Xiao X, Bai B, Liu C, Wu M, Shi Y, Xu M, Cao X, Qi H, Wu S, Zeng J, Gao M (2026) Intranasal Delivery of Gallium-Quercetin Nanoparticles for Multi-Target Ferroptosis Inhibition in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Adv Sci (Weinh) e77025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.77025","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77025"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01153-z","volume":"45","author":"QQ Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen QQ, Jv XH, Ma XZ, Li C, Liu L, Jia WT, Qu L, Chen LL, Xie JX (2024) Cell senescence induced by toxic interaction between \u03b1-synuclein and iron precedes nigral dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 45(2):268\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-023-01153-z","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-08319-z","volume":"17","author":"N Majern\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2025","unstructured":"Majern\u00edkov\u00e1 N, Caiado MJ, Seinstra RI, Couzijn S, Goya ME, Salinas CS, Truong H, van der Sluis T, Miedema A, van Kempen LCLT, McColl G, Nollen EAA, Dolga AM, den Dunnen WFA (2025) Ferroptosis inhibition protects against \u03b1-synuclein-related neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis 17(1):78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-025-08319-z","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"12673_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102035","volume":"91","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Lv MN, Zhao WJ (2023) Research on ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 91:102035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102035","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"7628","key":"12673_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20413","volume":"539","author":"JP Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor JP, Brown RH Jr, Cleveland DW (2016) Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism. Nature 539(7628):197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature20413","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180112","volume":"289","author":"J Acosta-Cabronero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acosta-Cabronero J, Machts J, Schreiber S, Abdulla S, Kollewe K, Petri S, Spotorno N, Kaufmann J, Heinze HJ, Dengler R, Vielhaber S, Nestor PJ (2018) Quantitative Susceptibility MRI to Detect Brain Iron in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Radiology 289(1):195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2018180112","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12673_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791300","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.791300","volume":"13","author":"Q Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Q, Zhu W, Wen X, Zang Z, Da Y, Lu J (2022) Beyond the Motor Cortex: Thalamic Iron Deposition Accounts for Disease Severity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 13:791300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.791300","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"12673_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106210","volume":"184","author":"B Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang B, Pan J, Zhang XN, Wang H, He L, Rong X, Li X, Peng Y (2023) NRF2 activation suppresses motor neuron ferroptosis induced by the SOD1G93A mutation and exerts neuroprotection in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 184:106210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106210","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"12673_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00910-z","volume":"29","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Tomas D, Perera ND, Cuic B, Luikinga S, Viden A, Barton SK, McLean CA, Samson AL, Southon A, Bush AI, Murphy JM, Turner BJ (2022) Ferroptosis mediates selective motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Death Differ 29(6):1187\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-021-00910-z","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"12673_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15005","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.5","volume":"1","author":"GP Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates GP, Dorsey R, Gusella JF, Hayden MR, Kay C, Leavitt BR, Nance M, Ross CA, Scahill RI, Wetzel R, Wild EJ, Tabrizi SJ (2015) Huntington disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1:15005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.5","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-026-04682-1","volume":"51","author":"M Taha","year":"2026","unstructured":"Taha M, Salah D, Abdou K, Senousy MA (2026) Roflumilast Elicits Therapeutic and Neuroprotective Effects in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington\u2019s Disease-Like Neurodegeneration in Rats by Mitigating NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis, Ferroptosis, and Glial Activation. Neurochem Res 51(2):92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04682-1","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310183","volume":"87","author":"JF Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez JF, Ng AC, Poudel G, Stout JC, Churchyard A, Chua P, Egan GF, Georgiou-Karistianis N (2016) Iron accumulation in the basal ganglia in Huntington\u2019s disease: cross-sectional data from the IMAGE-HD study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 87(5):545\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310183","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.030","volume":"187","author":"B Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu B, Zandkarimi F, Bezjian CT, Reznik E, Soni RK, Gu W, Jiang X, Stockwell BR (2024) Phospholipids with two polyunsaturated fatty acyl tails promote ferroptosis. Cell 187(5):1177\u20131190e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.030","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10422","key":"12673_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3","volume":"403","author":"D Jakimovski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jakimovski D, Bittner S, Zivadinov R, Morrow SA, Benedict RH, Zipp F, Weinstock-Guttman B (2024) Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 403(10422):183\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"12673_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.031","volume":"187","author":"MS Woo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Woo MS, Mayer C, Binkle-Ladisch L, Sonner JK, Rosenkranz SC, Shaposhnykov A, Rothammer N, Tsvilovskyy V, Lorenz SM, Raich L, Bal LC, Vieira V, Wagner I, Bauer S, Glatzel M, Conrad M, Merkler D, Freichel M, Friese MA (2024) STING orchestrates the neuronal inflammatory stress response in multiple sclerosis. Cell 187(15):4043\u20134060e30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.031","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"12673_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-25-00367","volume":"21","author":"J Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li J, Li Y, Liu C, Shi L, Qian Y, Chen Q, Zhang Q (2026) cGAS-STING axis: A central regulator of neural homeostasis and neuroinflammatory pathogenesis. Neural Regen Res 21(8):3285\u20133300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-25-00367","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-025-10086-4","volume":"26","author":"A Awashra","year":"2026","unstructured":"Awashra A, AbuBaha M, Mahafdah B, AbuBaha B, Aldwaik S, Khaled A, Omar L, Abdul-Hafez HA, Emara A, Elgendy MS, Shubietah A (2026) Iron Balance and Cardiovascular Health: The Double-Edged Role of Deficiency and Overload. Cardiovasc Toxicol 26(1):9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12012-025-10086-4","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"12673_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156941","volume":"144","author":"GY Shan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shan GY, Shi YP, Zhang YX, Wan H, Gao ZC, Li HJ (2025) Ginsenoside Rg5 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury via interfering Autophagy\/Nrf2\/Ferroptosis signal axis. Phytomedicine 144:156941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156941","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"12673_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114312","volume":"164","author":"D Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao D, Yang K, Guo H, Zeng J, Wang S, Xu H, Ge A, Zeng L, Chen S, Ge J (2023) Mechanisms of ferroptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and therapeutic effects of natural plant products: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 164:114312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114312","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00366-4","volume":"6","author":"X Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng X, Luo Y, Gao Y, Wu T (2025) Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases: biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets. Mol Biomed 6(1):117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00366-4","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03262-9","volume":"46","author":"X Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng X, An H, Yu F, Wang K, Zheng L, Zhou W, Bao Y, Yang J, Shen N, Huang D (2021) Benefits of Iron Chelators in the Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Neurochem Res 46(5):1239\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03262-9","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwae026","volume":"16","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng Q, Wang X (2025) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: insights into pathology, molecular mechanisms, and therapy. Protein Cell 16(2):83\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/procel\/pwae026","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08172","volume":"12","author":"L You","year":"2018","unstructured":"You L, Wang J, Liu T, Zhang Y, Han X, Wang T, Guo S, Dong T, Xu J, Anderson GJ, Liu Q, Chang YZ, Lou X, Nie G (2018) Targeted Brain Delivery of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein 29-Modified Deferoxamine-Loaded Nanoparticles Reverses Functional Deficits in Parkinsonian Mice. ACS Nano 12(5):4123\u20134139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b08172","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01062-5","volume":"19","author":"H Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang H, Zheng Y, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Peng C, Shi S (2021) Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies. J Nanobiotechnol 19(1):322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-021-01062-5","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12673_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100174k","volume":"112","author":"ZQ Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu ZQ (2012) Chemical insights into ginseng as a resource for natural antioxidants. Chem Rev 112(6):3329\u20133355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr100174k","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"12673_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157768","volume":"150","author":"H Shang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shang H, Xu R, Niu H, Chai H, Tang X, Gou J, Wu C, Liu Y, Yang J (2026) 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol regulating glucocorticoid receptor attenuates ischemic stroke injury by alleviating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Phytomedicine 150:157768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157768","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"12673_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang KH, Liu JY, Ma LJ, Zhang FX, Wan JB (2025) The rise of dehydrated ginsenosides: phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Adv Res S2090\u201312322500754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2025.09.051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.09.051"},{"issue":"17","key":"12673_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14910","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00557","volume":"7","author":"YZ Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang YZ, Guo M, Li YF, Shao LJ, Cui XM, Yang XY (2022) Highly Regioselective Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-type and Protopanaxatriol-type Ginsenosides in the Underground Parts of Panax notoginseng to 18 Minor Ginsenosides by Talaromyces flavus. ACS Omega 7(17):14910\u201314919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c00557","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"12673_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120678","volume":"355","author":"W Jia","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jia W, Zhang H, Cheng J, Zhang X, Han C, He Y, Lu H, Liu H, Li C, Ma H, Xue P (2026) Extraction, preparation, pharmacological activities, and potential applications of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5. J Ethnopharmacol 355(Pt B):120678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120678","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12673_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.07.098","volume":"530","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Zhao L, Chen J, Liu C, Li S, Hua M, Qu D, Shao Z, Sun Y (2020) Ginsenoside Rk1 alleviates LPS-induced depression-like behavior in mice by promoting BDNF and suppressing the neuroinflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 530(4):658\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.07.098","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9820","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14059820","volume":"14","author":"YY Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee YY, Park JS, Jung JS, Kim DH, Kim HS (2013) Anti-inflammatory effect of ginsenoside Rg5 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Int J Mol Sci 14(5):9820\u20139833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms14059820","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.12.005","volume":"45","author":"S Ju","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ju S, Seo JY, Lee SK, Oh J, Kim JS (2021) Oral administration of hydrolyzed red ginseng extract improves learning and memory capability of scopolamine-treated C57BL\/6J mice via upregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanism. J Ginseng Res 45(1):108\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.12.005","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"12673_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.06.030","volume":"239","author":"JF Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu JF, Yan XD, Qi LS, Li L, Hu GY, Li P, Zhao G (2015) Ginsenoside Rd attenuates A\u03b225-35-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Chem Biol Interact 239:12\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.06.030","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"36","key":"12673_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04394","volume":"72","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, Dong M, He H, Piao X, Han X, Li R, Jiang H, Li X, Li B, Cui R (2024) Ginsenoside Re Prevents Depression-like Behaviors via Inhibition of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Activating BDNF\/TrkB\/ERK\/CREB Signaling: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study. J Agric Food Chem 72(36):19838\u201319851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04394","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"12673_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.15992","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu Q, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Tan Y, Jiang N, Cao G, Ma X, Wang J, Cao Z, Yu B, Kou J (2016) Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Oxidative Stress-induced Neuronal Apoptosis through Myosin IIA-actin Related Cytoskeletal Reorganization. Int J Biol Sci 12(11):1341\u20131356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.15992","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"12673_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114192","volume":"158","author":"L She","year":"2023","unstructured":"She L, Xiong L, Li L, Zhang J, Sun J, Wu H, Ren J, Wang W, Zhao X, Liang G (2023) Ginsenoside Rk3 ameliorates A\u03b2-induced neurotoxicity in APP\/PS1 model mice via AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 158:114192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114192","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2018.12.002","volume":"43","author":"DH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim DH, Kim DW, Jung BH, Lee JH, Lee H, Hwang GS, Kang KS, Lee JW (2019) Ginsenoside Rb2 suppresses the glutamate-mediated oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in HT22 cells. J Ginseng Res 43(2):326\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2018.12.002","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"12673_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102396","volume":"35","author":"Q Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Q, Shi W, Tian Y, Liu Y, Guo P, Yang Q, Xiong S, Tuo W, Yi X, Zhao J, Zeng R, He Y, Qu Y (2025) Shield microneedles loaded with biphasic-delivery liposomes modulate skin oxidation\/immunity dual-axis for psoriasis therapy. Mater Today Bio 35:102396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102396","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02368-w","volume":"22","author":"X Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang X, Yang X, Yu Y, Wu M, Li Y, Zhang Z, Jia G, Wang Q, Tu W, Wang Y, Zhu X, Li S (2024) Carbon quantum dots of ginsenoside Rb1 for application in a mouse model of intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Nanobiotechnol 22(1):125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-024-02368-w","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"12673_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114800","volume":"158","author":"QX Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang QX, Du YX, Cao JJ, Yang YB, Wu W, Xu W, Xiao BG, Xiao W (2025) Ginsenoside Rb3 represses CPZ-induced demyelination and neuroinflammation by inhibiting TRAF6 K63 ubiquitination. Int Immunopharmacol 158:114800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114800","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"12673_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115071","volume":"162","author":"H Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen H, Piao J, Geng Z, Han X, Li R, Cui R, Li B (2025) Ginsenoside Rd alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors via regulating TLR4-PI3K-NF-\u03baB-JMJD3 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 162:115071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115071","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"12673_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555067","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1555067","volume":"17","author":"RJ Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu RJ, Zhao X, Zhu YZ, Fu LL, Ge G, Zhu JD (2025) Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates neuroflammation via activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway to exert neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury. Front Aging Neurosci 17:1555067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1555067","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"12673_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134639","volume":"404","author":"J Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao J, Ma X, Qu L, Ma P, Huang R, Fan D (2023) Ginsenoside Rh4 remodels the periphery microenvironment by targeting the brain-gut axis to alleviate depression-like behaviors. Food Chem 404(Pt B):134639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134639","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"12673_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104746","volume":"155","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Zhu C, Yang H, Deng J, Fan D (2020) Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg5 against kidney injury via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK signaling pathway in high-fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Pharmacol Res 155:104746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104746","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"12673_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt091","volume":"69","author":"L Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhang J, Zheng K, Shen H, Chen X (2014) Long-term ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation improves age-related cognitive decline by promoting synaptic plasticity associated protein expression in C57BL\/6J mice. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci 69(3):282\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt091","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"12673_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175431","volume":"938","author":"Z Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Z, Huang J, Bai X, Wang Q, Wang F, Xu J, Tang H, Yin C, Wang Y, Yu F, Zhang H (2023) Ginsenoside-Rg1 mitigates cardiac arrest-induced cognitive damage by modulating neuroinflammation and hippocampal plasticity. Eur J Pharmacol 938:175431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175431","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12673_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1296","volume":"19","author":"YQ Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi YQ, Huang TW, Chen LM, Pan XD, Zhang J, Zhu YG, Chen XC (2010) Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates amyloid-beta content, regulates PKA\/CREB activity, and improves cognitive performance in SAMP8 mice. J Alzheimers Dis 19(3):977\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2010-1296","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.05.002","volume":"48","author":"YY Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang YY, Wei RY, Tang K, Wang Z, Tan NH (2024) Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes neurite growth of retinal ganglion cells through cAMP\/PKA\/CREB pathways. J Ginseng Res 48(2):163\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.05.002","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"12673_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155083","volume":"121","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Li J, Yang L, Ren F, Dong K, Zhao Z, Duan W, Wei W, Guo R (2023) Ginsenoside Rb1 protects hippocampal neurons in depressed rats based on mitophagy-regulated astrocytic pyroptosis. Phytomedicine 121:155083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155083","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"12673_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167398","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1167398","volume":"14","author":"N Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang N, Lv J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Yao C, Wang Q, He Q, Liu X (2023) Protective effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 against cognitive impairment induced by simulated microgravity in rats. Front Pharmacol 14:1167398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1167398","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12673_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830512Y.0000000027","volume":"15","author":"JH Heo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heo JH, Lee ST, Chu K, Oh MJ, Park HJ, Shim JY, Kim M (2012) Heat-processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nutr Neurosci 15(6):278\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1476830512Y.0000000027","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"12673_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2023.07.005","volume":"47","author":"QR Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu QR, Hong H, Zhang ZH, Feng H, Luo T, Li J, Deng ZY, Chen F (2023) Methods on improvements of the poor oral bioavailability of ginsenosides: Pre-processing, structural modification, drug combination, and micro- or nano- delivery system. J Ginseng Res 47(6):694\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2023.07.005","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"12673_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112243","volume":"246","author":"W Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang W, Xu W, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Gu Q, Li Y, Guo C, Huang Y, Yu J, Wang W, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Han B, Bei W, Guo J (2020) Ginkgo biloba extract improves brain uptake of ginsenosides by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability via activating A1 adenosine receptor signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 246:112243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112243","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12673_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.03.004","volume":"48","author":"DT Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen DT, Kim MH, Baek MJ, Kang NW, Kim DD (2024) Preparation and evaluation of proliposomes formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides. J Ginseng Res 48(4):417\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.03.004","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"38","key":"12673_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2307971","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202307971","volume":"11","author":"R Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li R, Miao Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang H, Su J, Chen J (2024) The Brain-Gut-Bone Axis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights, Challenges, and Future Prospects. Adv Sci (Weinh) 11(38):e2307971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202307971","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"12673_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301468","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1301468","volume":"10","author":"L Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao L, Sui M, Zhang T, Zhang K (2023) The interaction between ginseng and gut microbiota. Front Nutr 10:1301468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1301468","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01121-1","volume":"20","author":"W Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu W, Zhou X, Xiao L, Huang X, Chang D, Zhong X, Zeng M, Xian Y, Zheng Y, Huang W, Huang R, Huang M (2025) The gut microbiota-mediated ferroptosis pathway: a key mechanism of ginsenoside Rd against metabolism-associated fatty liver disease. Chin Med 20(1):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13020-025-01121-1","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"12673_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie X, Ge W, Luo Y, Xing X, Sun X (2025) Ginsenoside Rb3 Modulates Gut Microbiota to Alleviate Cerebral Inflammation and Ferroptosis via the NLRP3\/NF-\u03baB\/GPX4 Pathway in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury. Eur J Pharmacol 178091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178091"},{"key":"12673_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644436","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1644436","volume":"16","author":"Y He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Y, Wang Y, Duan H, Huang D, Jia N, Shen Z, Wang Z, Wang M, Zhao T (2025) Pharmacological targeting of ferroptosis in hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema: therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg3 through activation of the PI3K\/AKT pathway. Front Pharmacol 16:1644436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1644436","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12673_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031075","volume":"26","author":"K Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng K, Liu Z, Yu Y, Zhang E, Yu X, Meng P, Xiu J (2025) The RNA Demethyltransferase FTO Regulates Ferroptosis in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 26(3):1075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26031075","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"12673_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106254","volume":"105","author":"Y Zong","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zong Y, Hu Z, Sun H, Tian Y, Gu T, Xu W, Chen L, Zeng T, Lu L (2026) Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 alleviates cage stress induced liver injury in laying ducks. Poult Sci 105(2):106254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106254","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"12673_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.003","volume":"49","author":"Y Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhang Z, Lian X (2025) Ginsenoside Rc mitigates hippocampal neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia rats via the pY705-Stat3\/Foxo3a and pS727-Stat3\/GRIM-19 pathways. J Ginseng Res 49(6):702\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.07.003","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07047-4","volume":"23","author":"D Gong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gong D, Xia F, Wang F, Tong X, Yang Q, Shen K, Sun B, Chen N, Lu Z (2025) Does ginsenoside Rg1 promote intervertebral disc repair? An experimental study insights into ferroptosis mechanism. J Transl Med 23(1):1231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-025-07047-4","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"12673_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma A, Zhu S, Yao X, Chen Y, Yao J, Shen M, Shi S, Han X, Zhang T (2025) Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits melanoma progression by inducing ferroptosis via the p53\/SLC7A11\/GPX4 pathway. J Adv Res S2090\u201312322500864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2025.10.069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.10.069"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.10.008","volume":"50","author":"I Madhi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Madhi I, Kim JH, Shin HS, So YH, Jung EM, Kim Y (2026) Ginsenoside Re mitigates A\u03b21-42-induced neurotoxicity by promoting autophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome. J Ginseng Res 50(1):100911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.10.008","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"12673_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108043","volume":"222","author":"C Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin C, Qiao J, Gong H, Yu X, Wang X, Xi J, Mi R, Yu S, Pan D, Wang S, Tong X, Zhao D, Liu M (2025) Ginsenoside Re binds Drp1 Leu94 across species to restore mitochondrial homeostasis via Atg1\/ULK1-dependent fission-mitophagy coupling in age-related degeneration. Pharmacol Res 222:108043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108043","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-025-00290-1","volume":"21","author":"Y Fu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhang H, Zhu X, Liang H, Fan L, Su Y, Li W, Li W (2025) Chronic lipopolysaccharide exposure promotes cognitive impairments by activating TRPC6-AIM2 inflammasome signaling and the regulation of ginsenoside Rg1 in Trpc6-\/- mice. Behav Brain Funct 21(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12993-025-00290-1","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486840","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2025.2486840","volume":"32","author":"L Mi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mi L, Yuan J, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Lv C, Xu Y, Liu M, Liu T, Liu X, Huang J, Jiang R, Quan W (2025) Constructed transferrin receptor-targeted liposome for the delivery of fluvoxamine to improve prognosis in a traumatic brain injury mouse model. Drug Deliv 32(1):2486840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10717544.2025.2486840","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"12673_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6477","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S139602","volume":"12","author":"J Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen J, Zhao Z, Shang W, Liu C, Zhang B, Zhao L, Cai H (2017) Ginsenoside Rg1 nanoparticle penetrating the blood-brain barrier to improve the cerebral function of diabetic rats complicated with cerebral infarction. Int J Nanomed 12:6477\u20136486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S139602","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"12673_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03564-6","volume":"47","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Li YY, Wang S, Zhou T, Chen NH, Yuan YH (2022) Ginsenoside Rg1 Plays a Neuroprotective Role in Regulating the Iron-Regulated Proteins and Against Lipid Peroxidation in Oligodendrocytes. Neurochem Res 47(6):1721\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-022-03564-6","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"12673_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.058","volume":"228","author":"GY Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang GY, Yang HR, Li C, Liu N, Ma SJ, Jin BX, Yan C, Gong HD, Li JY, Yan HC, Ye GX, Wang WY, Gao C (2025) Ginsenoside Rd alleviates early brain injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through cGAS\/STING\/DHODH pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Free Radic Biol Med 228:299\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.058","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2025.13022","volume":"31","author":"S Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li S, Zhao C, Yu S, Yang K, Zhang S, Liu S (2025) Ginsenoside Re attenuates homocysteine-induced endothelial cell ferroptosis through upregulation of GPX4\/xCT signaling. Exp Ther Med 31(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2025.13022","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"12673_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01292-x","volume":"21","author":"B Tan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tan B, Wu Z, Wang S, Tan W, Lin L, Yang X, Zheng L, Li J, Li K, Yang J, Li L (2026) Ginsenoside Rb1 targets the NRF2-PPAR\u03b3-ACSL4 axis to inhibit PTECs ferroptosis. Chin Med 21(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13020-025-01292-x","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"12673_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104544","volume":"27","author":"S Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang S, Chen Z, Tang H, Gong J, Xu K, Wang K (2026) Research Progress on the Mechanism of Ginsenosides in the Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 27(10):4544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27104544","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"12673_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230607125054","volume":"31","author":"J Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo J, Chen L, Ma M (2024) Ginsenoside Rg1 Suppresses Ferroptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Sepsis-induced Acute Kidney Injury via the FSP1-CoQ10- NAD(P)H Pathway. Curr Med Chem 31(15):2119\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867330666230607125054","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"12673_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70860","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70860","volume":"40","author":"Q Meng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Meng Q, Li J, Xu G, Zhang W, Cao R, Cai K (2026) Ginsenoside Rh2 Alleviates Alzheimer Disease Models via Effects on Ferroptosis-Related Neuroinflammation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 40(5):e70860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.70860","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12673-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12673-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12673-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T11:06:48Z","timestamp":1788001608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12673-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12673-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors agreed to publish this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1497"}}