{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:18:51Z","timestamp":1792783131812,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Texas A&M University Departmetn of Entomology","award":["Herb Dean\u201940 Endowed scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Herb Dean\u201940 Endowed scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01f5ytq51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Texas A&M Universtiy COALS","award":["Graduate Student Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Graduate Student Fellowship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Multistate Hatch (Project #: 7755-1; accession #: 7003972)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Multistate Hatch (Project #: 7755-1; accession #: 7003972)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEX0-9381-2 (accession number 7005355)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEX0-9381-2 (accession number 7005355)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Toll signaling pathway is a key component of insect innate immunity, yet its role in hemipteran vectors and their interactions with plant pathogens remains poorly understood. The potato psyllid (\n                      <jats:italic>Bactericera cockerelli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), an important agricultural pest in the USA, transmits two haplotypes of\n                      <jats:italic>\u2018Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Liberibacter solanacearum\n                      <jats:italic>\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      (LsoA and LsoB) that cause severe diseases in solanaceous crops.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We characterized Toll pathway components in the\n                      <jats:italic>B. cockerelli<\/jats:italic>\n                      genome and examined their transcriptional responses during pathogen acquisition. Six Toll receptors and ten pathway-associated genes were identified in the psyllid genome. Gene expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR following exposure to the entomopathogenic fungus\n                      <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Bb-490) and infection with Lso haplotypes. The transcription of five Toll receptors was significantly induced in response to\n                      <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      , indicating their potential role in antifungal defense. In contrast, Lso infection elicited haplotype-specific transcriptional responses: two Toll receptors (Toll like-1 and Toll-7) were up-regulated during LsoB acquisition, whereas only Toll-7 responded to LsoA. In addition, Sp\u00e4tzle-3 was induced by LsoB, while Sp\u00e4tzle was induced by LsoA. Persistent Lso infection did not significantly alter the transcriptional expression of Toll receptors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings provide new insights into immune regulation in\n                      <jats:italic>B. cockerelli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and highlight the potential of targeting Toll-mediated responses and fungal biocontrol strategies for sustainable disease management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-12777-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:51:37Z","timestamp":1790077897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and gene expression profiling of toll genes in the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) in response to \u2018Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Md Tafim Hossain","family":"Hrithik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Hubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Tamborindeguy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"12777_CR1","unstructured":"Rosson P, Niemeyer M, Palma M, Ribera L (2006) Economic Impacts of Zebra Chips on the Texas Potato Industry center for North American Studies. United States: Texas A&M University."},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-020123-014734","volume":"69","author":"EJ Wenninger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wenninger EJ, Rashed A (2024) Biology, ecology, and management of the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), and zebra chip disease in potato. Ann Rev Entomol 69(1):139\u2013157","journal-title":"Ann Rev Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12230-009-9115-x","volume":"87","author":"VG Sengoda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sengoda VG, Munyaneza JE, Crosslin JM, Buchman JL, Pappu HR (2010) Phenotypic and etiological differences between psyllid yellows and zebra chip diseases of potato. Am J Potato Res 87(1):41\u201349","journal-title":"Am J Potato Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"12777_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2","volume":"100","author":"J Munyaneza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Munyaneza J, Crosslin J, Upton J (2007) Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with zebra chip, a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico. J Econ Entomol 100(3):656\u2013663","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1603\/AN13087","volume":"107","author":"WR Cooper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cooper WR, Sengoda VG, Munyaneza JE (2014) Localization of \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum\u2018(Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae) in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 107(1):204\u2013210","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"12777_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cicero JM, Fisher TW, Qureshi JA, Stansly PA, Brown JK (2017) Colonization and intrusive invasion of potato psyllid by \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum\u2019, Phytopathology, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 36\u201349, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PHYTO-03-16-0149-R","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-03-16-0149-R"},{"key":"12777_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12230-011-9209-0","volume":"88","author":"JE Munyaneza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Munyaneza JE, Buchman JL, Sengoda VG, Fisher TW, Pearson CC (2011) Susceptibility of selected potato varieties to zebra chip potato disease. Am J Potato Res 88:435\u2013440","journal-title":"Am J Potato Res"},{"key":"12777_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.06.031","volume":"88","author":"C Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang C et al (2017) RNAi knock-down of the Bemisia tabaci Toll gene (BtToll) increases mortality after challenge with destruxin A. Mol Immunol 88:164\u2013173","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0121.x","volume":"198","author":"MR Kanost","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kanost MR, Jiang H, Yu XQ (2004) Innate immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta. Immunol Rev 198(1):97\u2013105","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"12777_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.11.2568","volume":"21","author":"E De Gregorio","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Gregorio E, Spellman PT, Tzou P, Rubin GM, Lemaitre B (2002) The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila. EMBO J 21(11):2568\u20132579","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"6881","key":"12777_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/nature734","volume":"416","author":"M Gottar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gottar M et al (2002) The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature 416(6881):640\u2013644","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0130.x","volume":"198","author":"V Leclerc","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leclerc V, Reichhart JM (2004) The immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. Immunol Rev 198(1):59\u201371","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"12777_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zambon RA, Nandakumar M, Vakharia VN, Wu LP (2005) The Toll pathway is important for an antiviral response in Drosophila, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(20):7257\u20137262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409181102"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141615","volume":"25","author":"B Lemaitre","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lemaitre B, Hoffmann J (2007) The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu Rev Immunol 25(1):697\u2013743","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"12777_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.909001","volume":"15","author":"N Silverman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silverman N, Maniatis T (2001) NF-\u03baB signaling pathways in mammalian and insect innate immunity. Genes Dev 15(18):2321\u20132342","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"12777_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bangham J, Jiggins F, Lemaitre B (2006) Insect immunity: the post-genomic era, Immunity 25(1):1\u20135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.07.002"},{"key":"12777_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613957","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.613957","volume":"11","author":"Y-J He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He Y-J et al (2021) Activation of Toll immune pathway in an insect vector induced by a plant virus. Front Immunol 11:613957","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12777_CR18","first-page":"228","volume":"7","author":"S Tsakas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsakas S, Marmaras V (2010) Insect immunity and its signalling: an overview. Invertebrate Survival J 7(2):228\u2013238","journal-title":"Invertebrate Survival J"},{"key":"12777_CR19","unstructured":"Kojour MAM, Han YS, Jo YH (2020) An overview of insect innate immunity,"},{"key":"12777_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mesquita RD et al (Dec 1 2015) Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(48):14936\u201314941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1506226112","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506226112"},{"key":"12777_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerardo NM et al (2010) Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genome Biol 11(2):R21 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2010-11-2-r21","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-2-r21"},{"key":"12777_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim JH et al (May 2011) Comparison of the humoral and cellular immune responses between body and head lice following bacterial challenge. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 41(5):332\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibmb.2011.01.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2011.01.011"},{"key":"12777_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rashidi M, Killiny N (2022) In Silico Characterization and Gene Expression Analysis of Toll Signaling Pathway-Related Genes in Diaphorina citri, Insects 13(9) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects13090783","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13090783"},{"key":"12777_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nachappa P, Levy J, Tamborindeguy C (2012) Transcriptome analyses of Bactericera cockerelli adults in response to Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum infection, (in English), Mol. Genet. Genomics 287(10):803\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00438-012-0713-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-012-0713-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07988-2","volume":"22","author":"FMM Bento","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bento FMM, Darolt JC, Merlin BL, Pen\u00e3 L, Wulff NA, C\u00f4nsoli FL (2021) The molecular interplay of the establishment of an infection\u2013gene expression of Diaphorina citri gut and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. BMC Genomics 22(1):677","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"12777_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01156-3","volume":"40","author":"F Teufel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teufel F et al (2022) SignalP 6.0 predicts all five types of signal peptides using protein language models. Nat Biotechnol 40(7):1023\u20131025","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"12777_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang X-T, Tamborindeguy C (2021) Identification of autophagy-related genes in the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and their expression profile in response to \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum\u2019in the gut, Insects 12(12):1073","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12121073"},{"key":"12777_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-011-9874-3","volume":"132","author":"H Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin H et al (2012) Genetic diversity of \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum\u2019strains in the United States and Mexico revealed by simple sequence repeat markers. Eur J Plant Pathol 132:297\u2013308","journal-title":"Eur J Plant Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12777_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12219","volume":"25","author":"F Ibanez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ibanez F, Tamborindeguy C (2016) Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli. Insect Mol Biol 25(3):227\u2013238","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"12777_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramakers C, Ruijter JM, Deprez RHL, Moorman AF (2003) Assumption-free analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data, Neuroscience letters 339(1):62\u201366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01423-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.04.009","volume":"78","author":"W Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li W et al (2009) Multiplex real-time PCR for detection, identification and quantification of \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum\u2019in potato plants with zebra chip. J Microbiol Methods 78(1):59\u201365","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"12777_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2013.10.008","volume":"115","author":"P Nachappa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nachappa P, Levy J, Pierson E, Tamborindeguy C (2014) Correlation between Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum infection levels and fecundity in its psyllid vector. J Invertebr Pathol 115:55\u201361. 2014\/01\/\/","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"12777_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levy J, Ravindran A, Gross D, Tamborindeguy C, Pierson E (2011) 2011 Translocation of \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum\u2019, the zebra chip pathogen, in potato and tomato, Phytopathology 101(11):1285\u20131291, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PHYTO-04-11-0121","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-04-11-0121"},{"key":"12777_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart J-M, Hoffmann JA (1996) The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette sp\u00e4tzle\/Toll\/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults, Cell 86(6):973\u2013983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80172-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"12777_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1542","volume":"168","author":"S Rutschmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rutschmann S, Kilinc A, Ferrandon D (2002) Cutting edge: the toll pathway is required for resistance to gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila. J Immunol 168(4):1542\u20131546","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"12777_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemaitre B et al (1995) A recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), defines two distinct control pathways in the Drosophila host defense, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92(21):9465\u20139469","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9465"},{"issue":"1","key":"12777_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10153-0","volume":"25","author":"B Hixson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hixson B et al (2024) The transcriptional response in mosquitoes distinguishes between fungi and bacteria but not Gram types. BMC Genomics 25(1):353","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"12777_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He L, Zhang C, Yang H, Ding B, Yang H-Z, Zhang S-W (2023) Characterization and functional analysis of toll receptor genes during antibacterial immunity in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Insects 14(3):275","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14030275"},{"key":"12777_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-012-0713-9","volume":"287","author":"P Nachappa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nachappa P, Levy J, Tamborindeguy C (2012) Transcriptome analyses of Bactericera cockerelli adults in response to Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum infection. Mol Genet Genomics 287:803\u2013817","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"key":"12777_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00570","volume":"7","author":"AP Arp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arp AP, Hunter WB, Pelz-Stelinski KS (2016) Annotation of the Asian citrus psyllid genome reveals a reduced innate immune system. Front Physiol 7:570","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"12777_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imamura M, Yamakawa M (2002) Molecular cloning and expression of a Toll receptor gene homologue from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression. 1576(3):246\u2013254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(02)00336-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"12777_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2007.03.010","volume":"32","author":"T-C Cheng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheng T-C et al (2008) Identification and analysis of Toll-related genes in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. Dev Comp Immunol 32(5):464\u2013475","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"12777_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080888","volume":"8","author":"LC Ramos Aguila","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramos Aguila LC et al (2022) Genome-wide identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in Diaphorina citri and their expression patterns induced by the endophyte Beauveria bassiana. J Fungi 8(8):888","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"7","key":"12777_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02004-9","volume":"11","author":"J-L Imler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Imler J-L, Hoffmann JA (2001) Toll receptors in innate immunity. Trends Cell Biol 11(7):304\u2013311","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"12777_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Chen W, Lai M, Chen J, Swevers L (2025) Activation of BmToll9-1 in Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Larval Midgut by Escherichia coli and Regulation of Growth, Insects 16(6):621","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16060621"},{"issue":"6","key":"12777_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0287396","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287396","volume":"18","author":"X-T Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang X-T, Levy J, Tamborindeguy C (2023) Potato psyllids mount distinct gut responses against two different \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum\u2019haplotypes. PLoS ONE 18(6):e0287396","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"26","key":"12777_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10172","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006804","volume":"294","author":"M Chowdhury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chowdhury M et al (2019) Toll family members bind multiple Sp\u00e4tzle proteins and activate antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 294(26):10172\u201310181","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12777-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12777-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12777-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:51:40Z","timestamp":1790077900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12777-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-12777-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4851","1573-4978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4851","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1605"}}