{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:01:01Z","timestamp":1788505261697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-012-9575-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,31]],"date-time":"2012-08-31T01:57:01Z","timestamp":1346378221000},"page":"409-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cryptococcus laurentii Biofilms: Structure, Development and Antifungal Drug Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Ajesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sreejith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-6142-8","volume":"35","author":"T Khawcharoenporn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khawcharoenporn T, Apisarnthanarak A, Mundy LM. Non-neoformans cryptococcal infections: a systematic review. Infection. 2007;35:51\u20138.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"9575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.9.1883-1887.1991","volume":"29","author":"S Krajden","year":"1991","unstructured":"Krajden S, Summerbell RC, Kane J, et al. Normally saprobic cryptococci isolated from Cryptococcus neoformans infections. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:1883\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2010.03.005","volume":"114","author":"L Andrade-Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrade-Silva L, Ferreira-Paim K, Silva-Vergara ML, Pedrosa AL. Molecular characterization and evaluation of virulence factors of Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from external hospital areas. Fungal Biol. 2010;114:438\u201345.","journal-title":"Fungal Biol"},{"key":"9575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-011-9500-0","volume":"174","author":"K Ferreira-Paim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferreira-Paim K, Andrade-Silva L, Mora DJ, Lages-Silva E, Pedrosa AL, da Silva PR, Andrade AA, Silva-Vergara ML. Antifungal susceptibility, enzymatic activity, PCR-fingerprinting and ITS sequencing of environmental Cryptococcus laurentii isolates from Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mycopathologia. 2012;174:41\u201352.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"9575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903136879","volume":"48","author":"RK Pettit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pettit RK, Repp KK, Hazen KC. Temperature affects the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents. Med Mycol. 2010;48:421\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"9575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000521","volume":"36","author":"T Kordossis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kordossis T, Avlami A, Velegraki A, et al. First report of Cryptococcus laurentii meningitis and a fatal case of Cryptococcus albidus cryptococcaemia in AIDS patients. Med Mycol. 1998;36:335\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"9575_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014551200043","volume":"153","author":"TG Bauters","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bauters TG, Swinne D, Boekhout T, Noens L, Nelis HJ. Repeated isolation of Cryptococcus laurentii from the oropharynx of an immunocompromised patient. Mycopathologia. 2002;153:133\u20135.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"9575_CR8","first-page":"260","volume":"65","author":"T Khawcharoenporn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khawcharoenporn T, Apisarnthanarak A, Kiratisin P, Mundy LM, Bailey TC. Evaluation of Cryptococcus laurentii meningitis in a patient with HIV infection: a case report and review of the literature. Hawaii Med J. 2006;65:260\u20133.","journal-title":"Hawaii Med J"},{"key":"9575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1608-1611.2001","volume":"39","author":"MF Cheng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheng MF, Chiou CC, Liu YC, Wang HZ, Hsieh KS. Cryptococcus laurentii fungemia in a premature neonate. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:1608\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199801000-00017","volume":"17","author":"DC Ritterband","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ritterband DC, Seedor JA, Shah MK, Waheed S, Schorr I. A unique case of Cryptococcus laurentii keratitis spread by a rigid gas permeable contact lens in a patient with onychomycosis. Cornea. 1998;17:115\u20138.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"9575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/160451","volume":"13","author":"EM Shankar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shankar EM, Kumarasamy N, Bella D, et al. Pneumonia and pleural effusion due to Cryptococcus laurentii in a clinically proven case of AIDS. Can Respir J. 2006;13:275\u20138.","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"9575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3109\/10408410903241436","volume":"35","author":"G Ramage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramage G, Mowat E, Jones B, Williams C, Lopez-Ribot J. Our current understanding of fungal biofilms. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2009;35:340\u201355.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1244-1248.2002","volume":"40","author":"JH Shin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shin JH, Kee SJ, Shin MG, Kim SH, Shin DH, Lee SK, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Biofilm production by isolates of Candida species recovered from nonneutropenic patients: comparison of bloodstream isolates with isolates from other sources. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:1244\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.25932-0","volume":"149","author":"X Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li X, Yan Z, Xu J. Quantitative variation of biofilms among strains in natural populations of Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2003;149:353\u201362.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"9575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198603000-00025","volume":"18","author":"TJ Walsh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Schlegel R, Moody MM, Costerton JW, Salcman M. Ventriculoatrial shunt infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans: an ultrastructural and quantitative microbiological study. Neurosurgery. 1986;18:373\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"9575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1086\/646675","volume":"14","author":"CW Ingram","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ingram CW, Haywood HB 3rd, Morris VM, Allen RL, Perfect JR. Cryptococcal ventricular-peritoneal shunt infection: clinical and epidemiological evaluation of two closely associated cases. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1993;14:719\u201322.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"9575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00338.x","volume":"41","author":"LB Johnson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johnson LB, Bradley SF, Kauffman CA. Fungaemia due to Cryptococcus laurentii and a review of non-neoformans cryptococcaemia. Mycoses. 1998;41:277\u201380.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"9575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.227","volume":"20","author":"R Manfredi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manfredi R, Fulgaro C, Sabbatani S, Legnani G, Fasulo G. Emergence of amphotericin B-resistant Cryptococcus laurentii meningoencephalitis shortly after treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a patient with AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006;20:227\u201332.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"9575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1001.030119","volume":"10","author":"MA Jabra-Rizk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jabra-Rizk MA, Falkler WA, Meiller TF. Fungal biofilms and drug resistance. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:14\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"9575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.3.1021-1033.2006","volume":"50","author":"LR Martinez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez LR, Casadevall A. Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:1021\u201333.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"9575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01141-06","volume":"51","author":"HW Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi HW, Shin JH, Jung SI, Park KH, Cho D, Kee SJ, Shin MG, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Species-specific differences in the susceptibilities of biofilms formed by Candida bloodstream isolates to echinocandin antifungals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1520\u20133.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"9575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/nport.2008.141","volume":"3","author":"CG Pierce","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pierce CG, Uppuluri P, Tristan AR, et al. A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:1494\u2013500.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"9575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02506-06","volume":"73","author":"LR Martinez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinez LR, Casadevall A. Cryptococcus neoformans biofilm formation depends on surface support and carbon source and reduces fungal cell susceptibility to heat, cold, and UV light. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:4592\u2013601.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000900037","volume":"101","author":"RS Pedroso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pedroso RS, Ferreira JC, Candido RC. In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101:239\u201343.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"9575_CR25","volume-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard M27\u2013A2","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard M27\u2013A2. 2nd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2002.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.9.2475-2479.2001","volume":"45","author":"G Ramage","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramage G, Vande Walle K, Wickes BL, L\u00f3pez-Ribot JL. Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:2475\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"9575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00797.x","volume":"28","author":"GA O\u2019Toole","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole GA, Kolter R. Initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis. Mol Microbiol. 1998;28:449\u201361.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/168067a0","volume":"168","author":"M Dubois","year":"1951","unstructured":"Dubois M, Gilles K, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature. 1951;168:67.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248\u201354.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9575_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02289-09","volume":"76","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiao Y, Cody GD, Harding AK, et al. Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from acidophilic microbial biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76:2916\u201322.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1648-6","volume":"390","author":"I Stanimirova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stanimirova I, Kubik A, Walczak B, J\u00fcrgen W, Einax JW. Discrimination of biofilm samples using pattern recognition techniques. Anal Biol Chem. 2008;390:1273\u201382.","journal-title":"Anal Biol Chem"},{"key":"9575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2724-2726.2004","volume":"48","author":"C Serena","year":"2004","unstructured":"Serena C, Pastor FJ, Ortoneda M, Capilla J, Nolard N, Guarro J. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of uncommon basidiomycetous yeasts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:2724\u20136.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"9575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-85-2-177","volume":"85","author":"R Dabbagh","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dabbagh R, Conant NF, Nielsen HS, Burns RO. Effect of temperature on saprophytic cryptococci: temperature-induced lysis and protoplast formation. J Gen Microbiol. 1974;85:177\u201389.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"9575_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-009-9262-0","volume":"169","author":"I Rosario","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rosario I, Soro G, Deniz S, et al. Presence of C. albidus, C. laurentii and C. uniguttulatus in crop and droppings of pigeon lofts (Columba livia). Mycopathologia. 2010;169:315\u20139.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"9575_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.2.176","volume":"6","author":"DA Goldmann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goldmann DA, Pier GB. Pathogenesis of infections related to intravascular catheterization. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993;6:176\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9575_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.3.915-921.1994","volume":"62","author":"SP Hawser","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hawser SP, Douglas LJ. Biofilm formation by Candida species on the surface of catheter materials in vitro. Infect Immunol. 1994;62:915\u201321.","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"9575_CR37","first-page":"180","volume":"24","author":"LA Mermel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, et al. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. J Intraven Nurs. 2001;24:180\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Intraven Nurs"},{"key":"9575_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7945","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00858-07","volume":"189","author":"HC Flemming","year":"2007","unstructured":"Flemming HC, Neu TR, Wozniak DJ. The EPS matrix: the \u201chouse of biofilm cells\u201d. J Bacteriol. 2007;189:7945\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"9575_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00053a001","volume":"32","author":"WK Surewicz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Surewicz WK, Mantsch HH, Chapman D. Determination of protein secondary structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a critical assessment. Biochemistry. 1993;32:389\u201394.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"9575_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00544a007","volume":"19","author":"HL Casal","year":"1980","unstructured":"Casal HL, Cameron DG, Smith IC, Mantsch HH. Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes: a Fourier transform infrared study of the influence of protein on lipid organization and dynamics. Biochemistry. 1980;19:444\u201351.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"9575_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11076","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504266102","volume":"102","author":"E Banin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Banin E, Vasil ML, Greenberg EP. Iron and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:11076\u201381.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9575_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01086-08","volume":"191","author":"Y Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu Y, Outten FW. IscR controls iron-dependent biofilm formation in Escherichia coli by regulating type I fimbria expression. J Bacteriol. 2009;191:1248\u201357.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"9575_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4940","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02711-06","volume":"73","author":"JJ Harrison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrison JJ, Ceri H, Yerly J, Rabiei M, Hu Y, Martinuzzi R, Turner RJ. Metal ions may suppress or enhance cellular differentiation in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:4940\u20139.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-012-9575-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11046-012-9575-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-012-9575-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T02:04:51Z","timestamp":1594605891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11046-012-9575-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-012-9575-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-486X","1573-0832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-486X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}}}