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Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can protect against invasive pathogens. As such, we herein explored the in vitro functional importance of <jats:italic>P. verrucosa-<\/jats:italic>induced NET formation. By assessing the co-localization of neutrophil elastase and DNA, we were able to confirm the formation of classical NETs entrapping <jats:italic>P. verrucosa<\/jats:italic> specimens. Sytox Green was then used to stain these NETs following neutrophil infection with <jats:italic>P. verrucosa<\/jats:italic> in order to quantify the formation of these extracellular structures. NET formation was induced upon neutrophil exposure to both live, UV-inactivated, and dead <jats:italic>P. verrucosa<\/jats:italic> fungi. The ability of these NETs to kill fungal hyphae and conidia was demonstrated through MTT and pouring plate assays, respectively. Overall, our results confirmed that <jats:italic>P. verrucosa<\/jats:italic> was able to trigger the production of NETs, suggesting that these extracellular structures may represent an important innate immune effector mechanism controlling physiological responses to <jats:italic>P. verrucosa<\/jats:italic> infection, thereby aiding in pathogen control during the acute phases of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00554-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1626357761000},"page":"367-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Serve as Key Effector Molecules in the Protection Against Phialophora verrucosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiquan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.033","volume":"133","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang W, Lin Z, Wang X, Li T, Yu J, et al. 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Written consent was given by the healthy donors for the use of their samples.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}