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This study established a non-immunosuppressive guinea pig tinea unguium model under 8-week infection condition in addition to a previously reported model under 4-week infection condition. In the tinea unguium model, most fungi were tightly present in the arthrospore form, like in human onychomycosis. The topical formulations of efinaconazole and luliconazole, two azole class anti-onychomycosis drugs, were evaluated for their efficacy in these models. In the untreated group, the nail fungal burden in the 8-week model was higher than that in the 4-week model and the stronger infection intensity affected the efficacy of the drugs, suggesting that the 8-week model was more severe. The 90% efficacy rate (42%) of luliconazole in the 8-week model was significantly lowered than that (83%) in the 4-week model, and its 99% efficacy rates were 0% in both models. Conversely, the 90% and 99% efficacy rates of efinaconazole (92% and 50% in the 4-week model, and 75% and 25% in the 8-week model, respectively) were not significantly different between the two infection durations. In addition, efinaconazole was more effective than luliconazole in reducing the nail fungal burden. Considering the relevance of clinical reports of the effectiveness of efinaconazole on severe onychomycosis, the new severe tinea unguium model would predict drug efficacy against moderate to severe onychomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-022-00664-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T14:15:58Z","timestamp":1662992158000},"page":"481-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Topical Antifungals Using a New Predictive Animal Model for Efficacy against Severe Tinea Unguium: A Comparison of Efinaconazole and Luliconazole"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Akane","family":"Masumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Tatsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"664_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104794","volume":"43","author":"AK Gupta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Jain HC, Lynde CW, Macdonald P, Cooper EA, Summerbell RC. 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Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. discovered Clenafin\/Jublia, a topical onychomycosis treatment product that contains efinaconazole. Clenafin and Jublia is commercialized in Japan by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and the United States\/Canada by Bausch Health Companies Inc., respectively.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experiments Committee of Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and were conducted following the ethical rules for the conduct of animal experiments in Kaken Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd (Approval No. K16-236 and K17-071).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}