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Azole resistance has been reported globally in human\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, but the prevalence of resistance in isolates from animals is largely unknown. A retrospective resistance surveillance study was performed using a collection of clinical\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from various animal species collected between 2015 and 2020. Agar-based azole resistance screening of all isolates was followed by in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and\n                    <jats:italic>cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene sequencing of the azole-resistant isolates. Over the 5\u00a0year period 16 (11.3%) of 142\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture-positive animals harbored an azole-resistant isolate. Resistant isolates were found in birds (15%; 2\/13), cats (21%; 6\/28), dogs (8%; 6\/75) and free-ranging harbor porpoise (33%; 2\/6). Azole-resistance was\n                    <jats:italic>cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated in all isolates: 81.3% (T-67G\/)TR\n                    <jats:sub>34<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/L98H, 12.5% TR\n                    <jats:sub>46<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Y121F\/T289A. In one azole-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate a combination of C(-70)T\/F46Y\/C(intron7)T\/C(intron66)T\/M172V\/E427K single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the\n                    <jats:italic>cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was found. Of the animals with an azole-resistant isolate and known azole exposure status 71.4% (10\/14) were azole naive. Azole resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from animals in the Netherlands is present and predominantly\n                    <jats:italic>cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n                    TR-mediated, supporting an environmental route of resistance selection. Our data supports the need to include veterinary isolates in resistance surveillance programs. Veterinarians should consider azole resistance as a reason for therapy failure when treating aspergillosis and consider resistance testing of relevant isolates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-024-00850-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T06:02:07Z","timestamp":1718172127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Azole Resistance in Veterinary Clinical Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3256-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marloes A. 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