{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:19:52Z","timestamp":1789705192716,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      (formerly\n                      <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is a globally emerging potentially multi-drug resistant human pathogenic yeast. To detect\n                      <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      we aimed to compare different culture-, and molecular-based methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rectal swabs routinely collected in clinical care were spiked with different concentrations of\n                      <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Co-infection\/colonization was mimicked by spiking part of these samples with other pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Spiked materials were cultured at 37 or 42\u00a0\u00b0C using CHROMagar Candida and CHROMagar Candida\u00a0Plus plates. In parallel, samples were incubated in a dulcitol salt enrichment broth. Additionally, we compared seven in-house and commercial molecular tests on the direct material and from the broth one day after inoculation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Culture-based methods showed sensitivities up to 100% within 48\u00a0h of incubation\n                      <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                      although sensitivity decreased as low as 44% at lower concentrations (\u2264\u200950\u00a0CFU per inoculum), in the presence of an abundance of other species and at higher temperature (42\u00a0\u00b0C). Incubation at 42\u00a0\u00b0C made visual identification possible since other species with similar colony morphologies did not grow at this temperature. No added value of using the dulcitol salt enrichment broth was found. qPCR on direct materials was highly sensitive and specific (both up to 100%) but major differences between various molecular tests were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We showed that both culture-based and molecular methods are sensitive for diagnosing\n                      <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The clinical setting (routine screening versus an outbreak), local prevalence and the load in those that carry or are infected by\n                      <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      are important factors to consider when determining which diagnostic tests should be employed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-025-00944-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T05:29:53Z","timestamp":1745558993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Keep the Hospital Clean: Diagnostic Performance of Ten Different Molecular and Culture-Based Methods to Detect Candidozyma (Candida) auris"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2451-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koos","family":"Korsten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bert","family":"Gerrits van den Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick D.","family":"Pique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferry","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2054-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2024.52.02","volume":"52","author":"F Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu F, et al. Phylogenomic analysis of the Candida auris-Candida haemuli clade and related taxa in the Metschnikowiaceae, and proposal of thirteen new genera, fifty-five new combinations and nine new species. Persoonia. 2024;52:22\u201343.","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"944_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization, WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action. 2022: Geneva."},{"issue":"10","key":"944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00921-17","volume":"55","author":"RM Welsh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Welsh RM, et al. Survival, persistence, and isolation of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris on a plastic health care surface. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(10):2996\u20133005.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jong AW, et al. Performance of Two Novel Chromogenic Media for the Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Compared with Other Commercially Available Formulations. J Clin Microbiol, 2021; 59(4).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03220-20"},{"key":"944_CR5","unstructured":"Bentz ML, et al. Evaluation of CHROMagar Candida Plus for the detection of C. auris with a panel of 206 fungal isolates and 83 colonization screeniSng skin-swabs. Microbiol Spectr, 2024; p. e0356423."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-022-00656-3","volume":"187","author":"A Marathe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marathe A, et al. Utility of CHROMagar Candida Plus for presumptive identification of Candida auris from surveillance samples. Mycopathologia. 2022;187(5\u20136):527\u201334.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008921","volume":"16","author":"H Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du H, et al. Candida auris: epidemiology, biology, antifungal resistance, and virulence. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(10): e1008921.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.757835","volume":"12","author":"EK Dennis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dennis EK, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V. So many diagnostic tests, so little time: review and preview of Candida auris testing in clinical and public health laboratories. Front Microbiol. 2021;12: 757835.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"944_CR9","unstructured":"OLM diagnostics. AurisID. Available from: https:\/\/olmdiagnostics.com\/products\/aurisid\/."},{"key":"944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leach L, Zhu Y, and Chaturvedi S. Development and Validation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Candida auris from Surveillance Samples. J Clin Microbiol, 2018; 56(2).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01223-17"},{"key":"944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonhard SE, et al. Proposal for a screening protocol for Candida auris colonization. J Hosp Infect, 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.12.019"},{"key":"944_CR12","unstructured":"Stavrou AA, G.v.d.E.B., Brouwer C, Boekhout T, Hagen F. Emerging Saccharomycotina yeast pathogens: Detection and susceptibility profiles. 2022."},{"key":"944_CR13","unstructured":"Stevenson M. Package \u2018epiR\u2019 Tools for the Analysis of Epidemiological Data. 2024; Available from: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/epiR\/epiR.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa049","volume":"59","author":"AM Borman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borman AM, Fraser M, Johnson EM. CHROMagarTM Candida Plus: a novel chromogenic agar that permits the rapid identification of Candida auris. Med Mycol. 2021;59(3):253\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komorowski AS, et al, Verification, Analytical Sensitivity, Cost-effectiveness, and Comparison of 4 Candida auris Screening Methods. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2024; 11(6): p. ofae017.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae017"},{"issue":"8","key":"944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13786","volume":"67","author":"YR Dalben","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dalben YR, et al. Early Candida colonisation impact on patients and healthcare professionals in an intensive care unit. Mycoses. 2024;67(8): e13786.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"2","key":"944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa040","volume":"59","author":"Q Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Q, et al. Abundance interaction in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata mixed biofilms under diverse conditions. Med Mycol. 2021;59(2):158\u201367.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"2","key":"944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.902-904.2000","volume":"38","author":"WR Kirkpatrick","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick WR, et al. Growth competition between Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans under broth and biofilm growing conditions. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(2):902\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Y, et al. Laboratory Analysis of an Outbreak of Candida auris in New York from 2016 to 2018: Impact and Lessons Learned. J Clin Microbiol, 2020; 58(4).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01503-19"},{"issue":"5","key":"944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad752","volume":"78","author":"SE Sansom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sansom SE, et al. Rapid environmental contamination With Candida auris and multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens near colonized patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;78(5):1276\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13533","volume":"66","author":"J Heindel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heindel J, et al. Usefulness of screening for Candida auris colonisation in international patients admitted to a large university hospital. Mycoses. 2023;66(2):138\u201343.","journal-title":"Mycoses"}],"container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-025-00944-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11046-025-00944-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-025-00944-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T16:02:32Z","timestamp":1749484952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11046-025-00944-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-025-00944-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.01.18.25320756","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0301-486X","1573-0832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-486X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"FH reports grants from Health Holland and European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; leadership roles as treasurer of the Netherlands Society for Medical Mycology, Chair of the Division Microbial Genomics of the Royal Netherlands Society for Microbiology, Vice-President International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM); and receipt of evaluation kits from Bruker and Pathonostics. None of the other authors declare any conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The use of rest material from patient samples collected in clinical care was approved by the Biobank of the Amsterdam University Medical Center, the need for individual patient informed consent was waived (6th March 2024, BBC24-05).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}],"article-number":"37"}}