{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:31:53Z","timestamp":1785810713334,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201911014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201911014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE-114-S-0023-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE-114-S-0023-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The first case of\n                    <jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection diagnosed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) was reported in 2018. By 31st December 2024, the number of\n                    <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections picked up by NGS has increased to a total of at least 241. Most cases were reported from China, reflecting both the regional importance of this infection and its widespread use of NGS for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. Among the cases with clinical details reported, 136 were HIV-negative, which was probably the main reason why\n                    <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                    was not suspected and the diagnosis was subsequently made with the use of NGS. For these 136 HIV-negative patients, 62 were confirmed to have other forms of immunodeficiencies, such as anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies and post-renal\/liver transplantation. The clinical presentations were usually non-specific. At least 18 patients were clinically diagnosed as tuberculosis, and empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy was prescribed to 13 patients and NGS was performed because they did not respond to or deteriorated while on anti-tuberculosis treatment. Apart from infectious diseases, at least another 11 patients were initially misdiagnosed to have benign or malignant tumours, the most common being carcinoma of the lung. The median time for detection of\n                    <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                    by NGS was 2 (range 1\u20136) days, which is significantly shorter than the median time for detection by fungal culture [7 (range 5\u201317) days] (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 by Mann\u2013Whitney U test). NGS has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for\n                    <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections, especially for picking up cases in HIV-negative patients and rapid diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-025-01028-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T14:47:50Z","timestamp":1766328470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emergence of Next-Generation Sequencing for Laboratory Diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8233-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanfan","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaowen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ching","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna K. P.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick C. Y.","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1955.12024485","volume":"47","author":"CR Benjamin","year":"1955","unstructured":"Benjamin CR. Ascocarps of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Mycologia. 1955;47(5):669\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00275514.1955.12024485.","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3114\/sim.2011.70.04","volume":"70","author":"RA Samson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Samson RA, Yilmaz N, Houbraken J, Spierenburg H, Seifert KA, Peterson SW, et al. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Stud Mycol. 2011;70(1):159\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3114\/sim.2011.70.04.","journal-title":"Stud Mycol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1028_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-698","volume":"12","author":"V Joardar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joardar V, Abrams NF, Hostetler J, Paukstelis PJ, Pakala S, Pakala SB, et al. Sequencing of mitochondrial genomes of nine Aspergillus and Penicillium species identifies mobile introns and accessory genes as main sources of genome size variability. BMC Genomics. 2012;12(13):698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-13-698.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01103897","volume":"131","author":"L Ajello","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ajello L, Padhye AA, Sukroongreung S, Nilakul CH, Tantimavanic S. Occurrence of Penicillium marneffei infections among wild bamboo rats in Thailand. Mycopathologia. 1995;131(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01103897.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"1028_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chariyalertsak S, Vanittanakom P, Nelson KE, Sirisanthana T, Vanittanakom N. Rhizomys sumatrensis and Cannomys badius, new natural animal hosts of Penicillium marneffei. J Med Vet Mycol. 1996;34(2):105\u201310.","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219680000161"},{"issue":"11","key":"1028_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5070-5075.2004","volume":"42","author":"H Gugnani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gugnani H, Fisher MC, Paliwal-Johsi A, Vanittanakom N, Singh I, Yadav PS. Role of Cannomys badius as a natural animal host of Penicillium marneffei in India. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(11):5070\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5070-5075.2004.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8915","key":"1028_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)91287-4","volume":"344","author":"K Supparatpinyo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Supparatpinyo K, Khamwan C, Baosoung V, Nelson KE, Sirisanthana T. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in southeast Asia. Lancet. 1994;344(8915):110\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)91287-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1028_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00410-2","volume":"184","author":"C Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao C, Xi L, Chaturvedi V. Talaromycosis (penicilliosis) due to Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei: insights into the clinical trends of a major fungal disease 60 years after the discovery of the pathogen. Mycopathologia. 2019;184(6):709\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-019-00410-2.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"1028_CR9","unstructured":"Li PC, Yeoh EK. Current epidemiological trends of HIV infection in Asia. AIDS Clin Rev. 1992;1\u201323."},{"issue":"4","key":"1028_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-023-00757-7","volume":"188","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen M, Hu D, Li T, Zheng D, Liao W, Xia X, et al. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of fungemia in a tertiary hospital in Southern China: a 6-year retrospective study. Mycopathologia. 2023;188(4):353\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-023-00757-7.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000080","volume":"4","author":"F Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing F, Hung DLL, Lo SKF, Chen S, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Next-generation sequencing-based diagnosis of bacteremic Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a patient with anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies: a case report. Infect Microb Dis. 2022;4(1):44\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000080.","journal-title":"Infect Microb Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1028_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0239-0","volume":"183","author":"SCY Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong SCY, Sridhar S, Ngan AHY, Chen JHK, Poon RWS, Lau SKP, et al. Fatal Talaromyces marneffei infection in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis. Mycopathologia. 2018;183(3):615\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-017-0239-0.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03726-z","volume":"22","author":"H Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan H, Huang L, Yang D, Zhang C, Zeng Q, Yin G, et al. Respiratory infections in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome with CD40LG mutation: a case series of seven children in China. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-022-03726-z.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1028_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704895","volume":"35","author":"PC Woo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woo PC, Lau SK, Lau CC, Chong KT, Hui WT, Wong SS, et al. Penicillium marneffei fungaemia in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005;35(8):831\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704895.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"1028_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.18","volume":"5","author":"JF Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan JF, Lau SK, Yuen KY, Woo PC. Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection in non-HIV-infected patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016;5(3):e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emi.2016.18.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"1028_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.150138","volume":"21","author":"JF Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan JF, Chan TS, Gill H, Lam FY, Trendell-Smith NJ, Sridhar S, et al. Disseminated Infections with Talaromyces marneffei in Non-AIDS patients given monoclonal antibodies against CD20 and kinase inhibitors. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(7):1101\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2107.150138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12887","volume":"62","author":"SKP Lau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lau SKP, Xing F, Tsang CC, Tang JYM, Tan YP, Ye H, et al. Clinical characteristics, rapid identification, molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Talaromyces marneffei infections in Shenzhen, China. Mycoses. 2019;62(5):450\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.12887.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53941\/emicrobe.2025.100003","volume":"1","author":"ZJ Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee ZJ, Tsang CC, Wang CS, Hsiao Y, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Differential knowledge of free and subscribed chatbots on Aspergillus fumigatus, a mold of global importance, and Talaromyces marneffei, a thermally dimorphic fungus associated with tropical infections in Southeast Asia. eMicrobe. 2025;1(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53941\/emicrobe.2025.100003.","journal-title":"eMicrobe"},{"issue":"16","key":"1028_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0656-0","volume":"10","author":"SK Lau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lau SK, Lam CS, Ngan AH, Chow WN, Wu AK, Tsang DN, et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of mold and yeast cultures of Penicillium marneffei. BMC Microbiol. 2016;10(16):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-016-0656-0.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"1028_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53941\/emicrobe.2025.100001","volume":"1","author":"PCY Woo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Woo PCY. Rigorous analysis of microbes and infectious diseases using an expanding range of robust in silico technologies. eMicrobe. 2025;1:1.","journal-title":"eMicrobe"},{"key":"1028_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2024.2438175","volume":"24","author":"SKP Lau","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Next-generation sequencing for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2024;24:1051\u20132.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"1028_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu YM, Ai JW, Xu B, Cui P, Cheng Q, Wu H, Qian YY, Zhang HC, Zhou X, Xing L, Wu R, Li Y, Zhang WH. Rapid and precise diagnosis of disseminated T. marneffei infection assisted by high-throughput sequencing of multifarious specimens in a HIV-negative patient: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3276-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3276-5"},{"key":"1028_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W, Ye J, Qiu C, Wang L, Jin W, Jiang C, Xu L, Xu J, Li Y, Wang L, Jin H. Rapid and precise diagnosis of T. marneffei pulmonary infection in a HIV-negative patient with autosomal-dominant STAT3 mutation: a case report. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2020;14:1753466620929225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753466620929225","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466620929225"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05526-1","volume":"20","author":"D Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen D, Chang C, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang T, et al. Unusual disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection mimicking lymphoma in a non-immunosuppressed patient in East China: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05526-1.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1028_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000593","volume":"133","author":"DM Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang DM, Ma HL, Tan MQ, Wu YM, Wang SN. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of isolated central nervous system infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei in an immunocompetent patient. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(3):374\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000593.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1028_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.12182\/20200360605","volume":"51","author":"R Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du R, Feng Y, Liu LN, Liu YB, Ye H, L\u00fc XJ, et al. Pathogen diagnosis of a febrile HIV case by the metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020;51(2):257\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12182\/20200360605.","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"2","key":"1028_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13103","volume":"42","author":"HC Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang HC, Zhang QR, Ai JW, Cui P, Wu HL, Zhang WH, et al. The role of bone marrow metagenomics next-generation sequencing to differential diagnosis among visceral leishmaniasis, histoplasmosis, and talaromycosis marneffei. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020;42(2):e52\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijlh.13103.","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1028_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01055","volume":"23","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang D, Du J, Zhou Y, Cai Y, Sun R, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection assisted by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in a HIV-negative patient. IDCases. 2021;23(23):e01055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01055.","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060521101676","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211016761","volume":"49","author":"Q Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen Q, Sheng L, Zhou J. HIV-negative case of Talaromyces marneffei pulmonary infection with a TSC2 mutation. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(5):3000605211016761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605211016761.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06063-1","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wen Y. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Talaromyces marneffei infection in an HIV-infected patient rapidly verified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06063-1.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06489-7","volume":"21","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen X, Jia L, Wu Y, Chang J, Zhang T, Ma Y, et al. A mass in the upper abdomen derived from Talaromyces marneffei infected lymphadenopathy: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06489-7.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06551-4.PMID:34425764;PMCID:PMC8383368","volume":"21","author":"Q Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Q, Qiu Y, Zeng W, Wei X, Zhang J. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the early diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-uninfected patients: five cases report. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06551-4.PMID:34425764;PMCID:PMC8383368.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2021.1878234","volume":"30","author":"T Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi T, Wu L, Cai J, Chen H. An iris tumor secondary to Talaromyces marneffei infection in a patient with AIDS and syphilis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2022;30(5):1129\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273948.2021.1878234.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"12","key":"1028_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685546","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.685546","volume":"21","author":"H Ba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ba H, Peng H, Cheng L, Lin Y, Li X, He X, et al. Case Report: Talaromyces marneffei Infection in a Chinese Child With a Complex Heterozygous CARD9 Mutation. Front Immunol. 2021;21(12):685546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.685546.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1028_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656194","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.656194","volume":"29","author":"J Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi J, Yang N, Qian G. Case report: metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosis of Talaromycosis of an immunocompetent patient. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;29(8):656194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.656194.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1028_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0909","volume":"104","author":"Q Lang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lang Q, Pasheed Chughtai A, Kong WF, Yan HY. Case report: successful treatment of pulmonary Talaromyces marneffei infection with Posaconazole in a renal transplant recipient. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;104(2):744\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0909.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1028_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.01.132","volume":"45","author":"G Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu G, Xing R, Xu Y, Zhu Z. A case of Talaromyces marneffei pneumonia in Southern Jiangxi Province, China. Asian J Surg. 2022;45(6):1303\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.01.132.","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"1028_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao Y, Qu M, Song C, Yin L, Zhang M. Cerebral vasculitis caused by Talaromyces marneffei and Aspergillus niger in a HIV-positive patient: a case report and literature review. J Neurovirol. 2022;28(2):274\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-021-01032-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-01032-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"1028_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841674","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.841674","volume":"15","author":"D Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li D, Liang H, Zhu Y, Chang Q, Pan P, Zhang Y. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and prognosis in patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection across various immune statuses. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;15(9):841674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.841674.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1028_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962441","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.962441","volume":"21","author":"Y Mao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mao Y, Shen H, Yang C, Jia Q, Li J, Chen Y, et al. Clinical performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;21(12):962441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.962441.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1028_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987692","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.987692","volume":"8","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Sun B, Ying W, Liu D, Wang Y, Sun J, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology in a Chinese cohort of inborn errors of immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;8(12):987692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.987692.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1028_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038354","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1038354","volume":"2","author":"H Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan H, Mo Y, Liu S, Luo X, Liu L, Zhou L, et al. Case report: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a child with primary immunodeficiency infected with Talaromyces marneffei. Front Immunol. 2022;2(13):1038354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1038354.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1028_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.903617.PMID:36046481;PMCID:PMC9421359","volume":"15","author":"A Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang A, Hu Y, Chen P, Zheng G, Hu X, Zhang J, et al. Diagnosis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of a Talaromyces marneffei bloodstream infection in an HIV-negative child: a case report. Front Pediatr. 2022;15(10):903617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.903617.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"15","key":"1028_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S363362","volume":"3","author":"S Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing S, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Pan M, Zeng W, Zhang J. Clinical characteristics of transplant recipients infected with Talaromyces marneffei: 2 case reports and a literature review. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;3(15):2879\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S363362.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"1028_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng L, Shi YB, Zheng L, Hu LQ, Weng XB. Clinical features of patients with talaromycosis marneffei and microbiological characteristics of the causative strains. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(11):e24737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.24737.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24737"},{"issue":"40","key":"1028_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30958","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030958","volume":"101","author":"DH Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai DH, Wang J, Fang XL. Successful treatment of Talaromyces marneffei pneumonia in a HIV-negative renal transplantation recipient: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(40):e30958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000030958.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1028_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.15348","volume":"16","author":"D Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu D, Ma L, Mao L, Wang Y, Ding L, Wang A. Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022;16(3):575\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.15348.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"1028_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Z, Yang J, Qiu Y, Yang F, Tang M, Li S, Zhan Y, Li Y, Tang S, Jing C, Ye F. Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei Infection With STAT3-Hyper-IgE Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10(4):ofac614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac614.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac614"},{"key":"1028_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.051","volume":"120","author":"M Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan M, Zhang J. Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection mimicking laryngitis tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;120:168\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.051.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1028_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20220331-00260","volume":"60","author":"G Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie G, Chen JH, Sun LF, Wang W, Li ZC, Wang WJ. [Clinical analysis of 7 children infected with Talaromyces marneffei]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2022;60(9):925\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20220331-00260. (Chinese.).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08554-9","volume":"23","author":"L Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu L, Zhang B, Shi J, Wang M, Wan H. Osteoarticular infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei and salmonella in a person living with HIV: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08554-9.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"1028_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115268","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1115268","volume":"2","author":"L Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu L, Chen X, Yang X, Jiang H, Wang J, Chen S, et al. Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection after renal transplantation: a case report and literature review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;2(13):1115268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1115268.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1028_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163846","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1163846","volume":"4","author":"R Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du R, Feng Y, Mao H. Case report: diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection in an HIV-negative patient with septic shock and high-titer anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;4(13):1163846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1163846.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1028_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186335","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1186335","volume":"4","author":"G Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen G, Ma N, Zhu D, Zhou H, Liang Q, Meng J, et al. Accurate diagnosis of bronchopulmonary Talaromyces marneffei infection in an anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies positive patient assisted by endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA and mNGS: a case report. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;4(13):1186335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1186335.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1028_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103184","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103184","volume":"20","author":"Q Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Q, Yu C, Wu Y, Cao K, Li X, Cao W, et al. Unusual Talaromyces marneffei and Pneumocystis jirovecii coinfection in a child with a STAT1 mutation: A case report and literature review. Front Immunol. 2023;20(14):1103184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103184.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1028_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan M, Fang G, Zheng F, Lin F, Zeng W, Qiu Y, Deng J, Chen X, Zhang J. Clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei infection in non-HIV-infected patients in South China. Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2276310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2023.2276310.","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2276310"},{"issue":"14","key":"1028_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033424.PMID:37026934;PMCID:PMC10082289","volume":"102","author":"R Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng R, Peng Z, Mou M, Wang Q, Huang M, Zou J. Gastrointestinal Talaromyces marneffei infection in a man with AIDS: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(14):e33424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000033424.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1028_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Z, Luo XL, Li WQ, Deng ZP. Talaromyces marneffei Infection in an HIV-Negative Patient in a Non-Endemic Area: a Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Lab. 2023;69(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2023.230334.","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2023.230334"},{"issue":"2","key":"1028_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116138","volume":"108","author":"L Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu L, Zhang H, Gu H, Zhou J. The pathology biopsy represents the \u201cgold standard\u201d for diagnosis: a case report. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024;108(2):116138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116138.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1028_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2024.151615","volume":"314","author":"Y Ji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ji Y, Zhuo B, Jiang T, Chen M, Xu W, Shen Y, et al. Talaromyces marneffei endocarditis initially detected by Next Generation Sequencing: A case report. Int J Med Microbiol. 2024;314:151615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmm.2024.151615.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1028_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-024-00898-3","volume":"189","author":"F Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing F, Deng C, Zou S, Tsang CC, Lo SKF, Lau SKP, et al. Emergence and rapid diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients by Next-Generation Sequencing. Mycopathologia. 2024;189(6):91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-024-00898-3.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"1028_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9028","volume":"12","author":"S Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo S, Yan P, Wang X, Ren X, Sun K, Guo L, et al. Talaromyces marneffei: A challenging diagnosis in a kidney transplant patient. Clin Case Rep. 2024;12(7):e9028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.9028.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"1028_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430179","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1430179","volume":"9","author":"K Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li K, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chen Q, Fang X. Case report: Systemic multi-organ involvement in an adult-onset immunodeficiency patient infected with Talaromyces marneffei. Front Immunol. 2024;9(15):1430179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1430179.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1028_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S451880","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Guo H, Yuan W, Zou Y, Qian Z, Mei X, et al. HIV-negative case of Talaromyces marneffei pulmonary infection with liver cirrhosis in China: a case report and literature review. Infect Drug Resist. 2024;17:1333\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S451880.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"1028_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3751","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S471938","volume":"17","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Q, Li M, Wang S, Geater AF, Dai J. Clinical diagnostic challenge in a case of disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection misdiagnosed initially as pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review. Infect Drug Resist. 2024;17:3751\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S471938.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"17","key":"1028_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4783","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S479629","volume":"31","author":"H Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang H, Duan X, Li T, Hu L, Guo J. Disseminated Combined Talaromyces marneffei and Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infection presenting as gastrointestinal perforation in a patient with CARD9 gene mutation. Infect Drug Resist. 2024;31(17):4783\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S479629.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"8","key":"1028_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.19061","volume":"18","author":"LY Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye LY, Zhao XL, Qin JJ, Lin J. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing assisted in the successful treatment of pneumonia caused by Talaromyces marneffei in an immunocompetent patient. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2024;18(8):1296\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.19061.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"4","key":"1028_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-024-00866-x","volume":"189","author":"L Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang L, Liang TW, Al-Odaini N, Hu Y, Huang M, Wei L, et al. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing as an effective diagnostic tool for Talaromycosis in HIV-negative patients. Mycopathologia. 2024;189(4):63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-024-00866-x.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"1028_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04856-1","volume":"43","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yao X, Chen H, Yang M, Han D. Clinical usefulness of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for Talaromyces marneffei diagnosis in China: a retrospective study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024;43(7):1367\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04856-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20200228-00095","volume":"32","author":"Consensus Group Of Experts On Application Of Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing In The Pathogen Diagnosis In Clinical Moderate And Severe Infections; Professional Committee Of Sepsis And Shock Chinese Research Hospital Association; Professional Committee Of Microbial Toxins Chinese Society For Microbiology; Professional Committee Of Critical Care Medicine Shenzhen Medical Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"Consensus Group Of Experts On Application Of Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing In The Pathogen Diagnosis In Clinical Moderate And Severe Infections; Professional Committee Of Sepsis And Shock Chinese Research Hospital Association; Professional Committee Of Microbial Toxins Chinese Society For Microbiology; Professional Committee Of Critical Care Medicine Shenzhen Medical Association. Expert consensus for the application of metagenomic next generation sequencing in the pathogen diagnosis in clinical moderate and severe infections (first edition). Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2020;32(5):531\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20200228-00095. (Chinese.).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12563","volume":"29","author":"W Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma W, Thiryayi SA, Holbrook M, Shelton D, Narine N, Sweeney LC, et al. Rapid on-site evaluation facilitated the diagnosis of a rare case of Talaromyces marneffei infection. Cytopathology. 2018;29(5):497\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cyt.12563.","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1028_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.024976","volume":"59","author":"D Lim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lim D, Lee YS, Chang AR. Rapid diagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection by fine needle aspiration cytology. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(4):443\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2004.024976.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1028_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000027203.44333.95","volume":"15","author":"B Chaiwun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chaiwun B, Khunamornpong S, Sirivanichai C, Rangdaeng S, Supparatpinyo K, Settakorn J, et al. Lymphadenopathy due to Penicillium marneffei infection: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology. Mod Pathol. 2002;15(9):939\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.MP.0000027203.44333.95.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1028_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.08.026","volume":"85","author":"F Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing F, Yang Q, Deng C, Sun L, Luo Z, Ye H, et al. Clinical impact of next-generation sequencing on laboratory diagnosis of suspected culture-negative meningitis and encephalitis. J Infect. 2022;85(5):573\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.08.026.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1028_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53941\/emicrobe.2025.100006","volume":"1","author":"C Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng C, Yang Q, Li L, Huang J, Yuan Y, Liu J, et al. Yield of metagenomics in suspected central nervous system infections with negative cerebrospinal fluid cultures. eMicrobe. 2025;1(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53941\/emicrobe.2025.100006.","journal-title":"eMicrobe"},{"issue":"3","key":"1028_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-024-00849-y.PMID:38704795;PMCID:PMC11070382","volume":"189","author":"F Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing F, Deng C, Luo Z, Zou S, Liu M, Ye H, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and Respiratory Tract Colonization by Next-Generation Sequencing. Mycopathologia. 2024;189(3):38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-024-00849-y.PMID:38704795;PMCID:PMC11070382.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"}],"container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-025-01028-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11046-025-01028-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-025-01028-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T20:03:04Z","timestamp":1771099384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11046-025-01028-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-025-01028-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-486X","1573-0832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-486X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Patrick C. Y. Woo has provided scientific advisory\/laboratory services for Gilead Sciences, Incorporated; International Health Management Associates, Incorporated; Merck & Corporation, Incorporated; Micolog\u00eda Molecular S.L. and Pfizer, Incorporated. The other authors report no conflict of interest. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report. The authors alone are responsible for the content and the writing of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"12"}}