{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T08:14:14Z","timestamp":1771056854863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHSScotland Assure Research Fund","award":["project reference ENU 129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project reference ENU 129"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    (formerly\n                    <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is an emerging pathogenic yeast associated with healthcare outbreaks worldwide. Despite increasing reports across Europe, no published data have previously described cases in Scotland. Here, we report the first detections of\n                    <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Scotland, as submitted to ARHAI Scotland. Eight cases (seven colonisations, one infection) were identified to date across four NHS Scotland boards, all linked to repatriation or recent hospitalisation abroad. To contextualise these findings, we reviewed publicly available literature and surveillance data for Western and Northern Europe, identifying considerable variation in case numbers and highlighting Scotland\u2019s position among countries with the lowest reported cases. All Scottish cases were imported, underscoring the importance of targeted screening of patients with international healthcare exposure. These findings inform preparedness planning and support recommendations for strengthened surveillance to prevent onward transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-026-01051-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:11:18Z","timestamp":1768907478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Candidozyma auris Reported in Scotland: a Call for Vigilance Amid Global Rise"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"M. H.","family":"Howe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Bartie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. G.","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Inkster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1051_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008","volume":"52","author":"J Rhodes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhodes J, Fisher MC. Global epidemiology of emerging Candida auris. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019;52:84\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"1051_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00458-19","author":"R Kean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kean R, Ramage G. Combined antifungal resistance and biofilm tolerance: the global threat of Candida auris. mSphere. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSphere.00458-19.","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"1051_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70022","volume":"133","author":"A Ware","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ware A, Johnston W, Delaney C, Butcher MC, Ramage G, Price L, et al. Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS. 2025;133(4):e70022.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"5","key":"1051_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00749-7","volume":"25","author":"OA Cornely","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Sprute R, Bassetti M, Chen SCA, Groll AH, Kurzai O, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25(5):e280\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1051_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001820","author":"CR Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jones CR, Neill C, Borman AM, Budd EL, Cummins M, Fry C, et al. The laboratory investigation, management, and infection prevention and control of Candida auris: a narrative review to inform the 2024 national guidance update in England. J Med Microbiol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001820.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1051_CR6","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Survey on the epidemiological situation, laboratory capacity and preparedness for Candidozyma (Candida) auris, 2024. Stockholm2025. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/survey-epidemiological-situation-laboratory-capacity-and-preparedness-candidozyma. Accessed: 6 October 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR7","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. HPR volume 19 issue 3: news (27 and 31 March 2025). Increase in Candidozyma (Candida) auris reports in England, linked to hospital outbreaks. 2025. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-protection-report-volume-19-2025\/hpr-volume-19-issue-3-news-27-march-2025#infection-reports-in-this-issue. Accessed: 27 August 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR8","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. Candidozyma auris (formerly Candida auris): guidance for acute healthcare settings. 2025. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/candida-auris-laboratory-investigation-management-and-infection-prevention-and-control. Accessed: 27 August 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR9","unstructured":"ARHAI Scotland. Appendix 13 - NHSScotland Minimum Alert organism\/Condition list. 2025. https:\/\/www.nipcm.hps.scot.nhs.uk\/appendices\/appendix-13-nhsscotland-minimum-alert-organismcondition-list\/. Accessed: 27 August 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR10","unstructured":"United Nations. Statistical commission. Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49). Geographic regions. 2025. https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/#fn2. Accessed: 9 October 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01397-19","author":"A Casadevall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casadevall A, Kontoyiannis DP, Robert V. On the emergence of Candida auris: climate change, azoles, swamps, and birds. MBio. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01397-19.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"1051_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012219","volume":"20","author":"SL Williams","year":"2024","unstructured":"Williams SL, Toda M, Chiller T, Brunkard JM, Litvintseva AP. Effects of climate change on fungal infections. PLoS Pathog. 2024;20(5):e1012219.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1051_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-222168","author":"M Bottery","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bottery M, Sedik S, Schwartz I, Hoenigl M, van Rhijn N. Climate change: shifting boundaries of fungal disease in Europe and beyond. Thorax. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222168.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"1051_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008563","volume":"16","author":"AM Borman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borman AM, Johnson EM. Candida auris in the UK: introduction, dissemination, and control. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(7):e1008563.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"14","key":"1051_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714373","volume":"379","author":"DW Eyre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eyre DW, Sheppard AE, Madder H, Moir I, Moroney R, Quan TP, et al. A Candida auris outbreak and its control in an intensive care setting. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(14):1322\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1051_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01833-22","volume":"10","author":"A Alanio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alanio A, Snell HM, Cordier C, Desnos-Olivier M, Delli\u00e8re S, Aissaoui N, et al. First patient-to-patient intrahospital transmission of clade I Candida auris in France revealed after a two-month incubation period. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(5):e0183322.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"1051_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020129","author":"K Spettel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spettel K, Kriz R, Wu C, Achter L, Schmid S, Galazka S, et al. Candida auris in Austria-what is new and what is different. J Fungi. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9020129.","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"1051_CR18","unstructured":"Superior Health Council. Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and management of Candida auris infections. Brussels: SHC; 2024. https:\/\/www.hgr-css.be\/file\/download\/03db1eec-7bb0-4d92-a9e4-c6b8e20694c9\/CcykYrqHBbVKkgtS3J2rtLpFATXBEpTL3yatDg5XSA3d.pdf. Accessed: 9 October 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR19","unstructured":"Belgian National Reference Center for Mycosis (NRC). 2025. https:\/\/www.sciensano.be\/en\/nrc-nrl\/national-reference-center-nrc-mycosis. Accessed: 1 October 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR20","unstructured":"Theut M, Antsupova V, Andreasen AS, Buhl D, Midttun M, Knudsen JD, et al. [The first two cases of Candida auris in Denmark]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2022;184(16)."},{"key":"1051_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaf033","author":"C Cottrel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cottrel C, Regad M, Arnal C, Henard S, Desnos-Olivier M, Lozniewski A, et al. Clustered cases of Candida auris colonization: roles of the infection prevention and control department and the mycology laboratory in controlling transmission. Med Mycol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myaf033.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"1051_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaf041","author":"S Jolivet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jolivet S, Fournier S, Bigot J, Galal L, Le Roux E, Bonnet M, et al. Value of qPCR in the screening strategy for Candida auris. Med Mycol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myaf041.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"27\u201328","key":"1051_CR23","first-page":"447","volume":"120","author":"AM Aldejohann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aldejohann AM, Martin R, Hecht J, Haller S, Rickerts V, Walther G, et al. Rise in Candida Auris Cases and First Nosocomial Transmissions in Germany. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2023;120(27\u201328):447\u201378.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"1051_CR24","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institut. Aktuelle daten und informationen zu infektionskrankheiten und public health. Epidemiologisches Bulletin. 2025. https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Aktuelles\/Publikationen\/Epidemiologisches-Bulletin\/2025\/40_25.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6. Accessed: 9 October 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR25","unstructured":"ZorgOnderzoek Nederland - Medische Wetenschappen (ZonMw). Kan de opmars van Candida auris worden gestopt? 2025. https:\/\/www.zonmw.nl\/nl\/artikel\/kan-de-opmars-van-candida-auris-worden-gestopt. Accessed: 27 August 2025."},{"key":"1051_CR26","unstructured":"Folkehelseinstituttet. Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi. Candida auris. 2025. https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/sm\/antibiotikaresistens\/forekomst-av-antibiotikaresistente-bakterier-og-sopp\/om-bakterier-og-sopp\/candida-auris\/#endringshistorikk. 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Swiss Med Wkly. 2018;148:w14622.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"1051_CR30","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. Changes to health protection notification regulations (NOIDs). 2025. https:\/\/ukhsa.blog.gov.uk\/2025\/03\/11\/changes-to-health-protection-notification-regulations\/. Accessed: 27 August 2025."},{"issue":"6","key":"1051_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00367-15","volume":"53","author":"S Kathuria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kathuria S, Singh PK, Sharma C, Prakash A, Masih A, Kumar A, et al. Multidrug-resistant Candida auris misidentified as Candida haemulonii: characterization by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing and its antifungal susceptibility profile variability by Vitek 2, CLSI broth microdilution, and Etest method. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(6):1823\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1051_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-021-00420-y","volume":"15","author":"C Keighley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keighley C, Garnham K, Harch SAJ, Robertson M, Chaw K, Teng JC, et al. Candida auris: diagnostic challenges and emerging opportunities for the clinical microbiology laboratory. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2021;15(3):116\u201326.","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"key":"1051_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00884-19","author":"G Ambaraghassi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ambaraghassi G, Dufresne PJ, Dufresne SF, Valli\u00e8res \u00c9, Mu\u00f1oz JF, Cuomo CA, et al. Identification of Candida auris by use of the updated Vitek 2 yeast identification system, version 8.01: a multilaboratory evaluation study. J Clin Microbiol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00884-19.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1051_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15020140","author":"RC Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong RC, Lee AL, Cheung IY, Chow VC, Ip M, Lai CK. Current updates on molecular diagnostic assays used for detection of Candida auris: a systematic review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15020140.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Mycopathologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-026-01051-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11046-026-01051-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11046-026-01051-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:53:12Z","timestamp":1771055592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11046-026-01051-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-026-01051-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-486X","1573-0832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-486X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"M.H. Howe, T. Inkster and A. M. Bal are members of the Scottish Guideline Development Group on C. auris.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No ethics approval is required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}],"article-number":"21"}}