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However, the fine-scale transmission dynamics of this epidemic, particularly within households, remain poorly understood. Here, we dissect an intrafamilial outbreak in Brazil involving a cat (the index case), a dog, and three humans. High-resolution genotyping using 15 microsatellite markers revealed a clonal transmission event, with isolates from the index cat and human patients being genetically indistinguishable (100% similarity). Multiple bioinformatic analyses, including principal component analysis, minimum spanning tree, and self-organizing maps, corroborated these findings. Strikingly, this outbreak strain produced markedly divergent clinical phenotypes, including Parinaud\u2019s oculoglandular syndrome in an 8-year-old girl, a fixed cutaneous lesion in her 5-year-old brother, and a disseminated maculopapular exanthem in her 28-year-old mother. This clinical pleomorphism from a genetically invariant pathogen unequivocally demonstrates the pivotal role of host factors, such as age, immune response, and inoculation site, in dictating disease manifestation. Furthermore, all outbreak isolates belonged to the\n                    <jats:italic>MAT1-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    idiomorph, a finding that challenges the paradigm of a monolithic epidemic dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>MAT1-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains and suggests a more complex, polycentric expansion of\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Overall, this study provides strong evidence of zoonotic transmission and highlights how host determinants, not pathogen variability, shape the clinical diversity of sporotrichosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-026-01075-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:07:10Z","timestamp":1778569630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cat-transmitted Sporotrichosis: A Clonal Household Outbreak with Atypical Human and Canine Disease Due to Sporothrix brasiliensis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Bruno Balduino","family":"Berber-Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara Rocha","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Siqueira","family":"Prudente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Eur\u00edpedes Andrade e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Regina","family":"Argenton-Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica Rivera","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Oliveira","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Sousa","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia Prior","family":"Fuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonete Helena","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamile Ambr\u00f3sio","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson Messias","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Le\u00f3n Silva","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-11","volume":"24","author":"MB Barros","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barros MB, de Almeida Paes R, Schubach AO. 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