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The southern state of Rio Grande do Sul exhibits distinctive ecological and climatic conditions that may shape the persistence and distribution of this pathogen in this region. This study conducted molecular and epidemiological surveillance of feline and canine sporotrichosis in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 100 isolates from the culture collection of the Veterinary Mycology Laboratory at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) were analyzed by PCR targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>calmodulin<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CAL) gene for species identification. Fourteen representative isolates were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method, including reference sequences from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Epidemiological and clinical variables, including host species, sex, lesion site, and morphology, were evaluated to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profiles of sporotrichosis in the study region.\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified in 97% and 3% of the isolates, respectively. The CAL-based phylogeny confirmed the monophyly of\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and revealed low intraspecific variability with regional clustering among southern Brazilian isolates. When interpreted within the Southern Cone context, the topology indicated a close genetic affinity between isolates from Rio Grande do Sul and reference sequences from Argentina and Paraguay. These findings confirm the territorial expansion of\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    across southern Brazil and emphasize the importance of molecular surveillance for detecting and tracking the circulating lineages. Continuous regional monitoring is crucial for strengthening\n                    <jats:italic>One Health<\/jats:italic>\n                    strategies and mitigating the zoonotic spread of sporotrichosis in the Southern Cone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-026-01107-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:29:39Z","timestamp":1790047779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular and Epidemiological Surveillance of Sporothrix spp. in Cats and Dogs from Southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6346-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Ladeira","family":"Sanzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Os\u00f3rio","family":"de Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-8523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Tasende","family":"Ferrando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4805-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela Brand\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela","family":"de Souza Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1526-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Batista","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1686-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara Costa Grumann","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6564-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana Pereira","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2920-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kau\u00ea Rodriguez","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0145-0321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Casquero","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5593-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clairton Marcolongo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5325-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelita","family":"dos Reis Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1107_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-024-00854-1","author":"A Rodrigues","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rodrigues A, De Carvalho JA, Nery AF, Hueb M, Garcia I, Guevara A, et al. 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