{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:20:55Z","timestamp":1790216455429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurooncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-2880-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T08:23:00Z","timestamp":1524644580000},"page":"421-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Stereotactic radiosurgery and ipilimumab for patients with melanoma brain metastases: clinical outcomes and toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7092-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Diao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly X.","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Routman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed A.","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2880_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21149","volume":"62","author":"R Siegel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siegel R, DeSantis C, Virgo K et al (2012) Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 62:220\u2013241. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21149","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2880_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.111","volume":"12","author":"E Fonkem","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fonkem E, Uhlmann EJ, Floyd SR et al (2012) Melanoma brain metastasis: overview of current management and emerging targeted therapies. Expert Rev Neurother 12:1207\u20131215. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ern.12.111","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2880_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.140","volume":"22","author":"KM Fife","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fife KM, Colman MH, Stevens GN et al (2004) Determinants of outcome in melanoma patients with cerebral metastases. J Clin Oncol 22:1293\u20131300. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.140","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605622","volume":"102","author":"M Staudt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staudt M, Lasithiotakis K, Leiter U et al (2010) Determinants of survival in patients with brain metastases from cutaneous melanoma. Br J Cancer 102:1213\u20131218. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605622","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2880_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","volume":"363","author":"FS Hodi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hodi FS, O\u2019Day SJ, McDermott DF et al (2010) Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 363:711\u2013723. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2880_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104621","volume":"364","author":"C Robert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I et al (2011) Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 364:2517\u20132526. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1104621","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2880_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2015.02.006","volume":"42","author":"AM Giacomo Di","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Giacomo AM, Margolin K (2015) Immune checkpoint blockade in patients with melanoma metastatic to the brain. Semin Oncol 42:459\u2013465. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2015.02.006","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41911","volume":"120","author":"EH Wilson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilson EH, Weninger W, Hunter CA (2010) Trafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system. J Clin Invest 120:1368\u20131379. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI41911","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2880_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-8-4","volume":"8","author":"B Engelhardt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engelhardt B, Coisne C (2011) Fluids and barriers of the CNS establish immune privilege by confining immune surveillance to a two-walled castle moat surrounding the CNS castle. Fluids Barriers CNS 8:4. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-8118-8-4","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"2880_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2016.00049","author":"JV Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen JV, Kluger HM (2016) Systemic Immunotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases. Front Oncol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2016.00049","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70090-6","volume":"13","author":"K Margolin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Margolin K, Ernstoff MS, Hamid O et al (2012) Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 13:459\u2013465. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70090-6","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0115","volume":"1","author":"EB Golden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Golden EB, Demaria S, Schiff PB et al (2013) An abscopal response to radiation and ipilimumab in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 1:365\u2013372. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0115","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2880_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112824","volume":"366","author":"MA Postow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Postow MA, Callahan MK, Barker CA et al (2012) Immunologic correlates of the abscopal effect in a patient with melanoma. N Engl J Med 366:925\u2013931. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1112824","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2880_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.03.017","volume":"85","author":"EF Stamell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stamell EF, Wolchok JD, Gnjatic S et al (2013) The abscopal effect associated with a systemic anti-melanoma immune response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 85:293\u2013295. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.03.017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2880_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.315","volume":"4","author":"K Tazi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tazi K, Hathaway A, Chiuzan C, Shirai K (2015) Survival of melanoma patients with brain metastases treated with ipilimumab and stereotactic radiosurgery. Cancer Med 4:1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.315","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2880_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.140","volume":"2","author":"AW Silk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silk AW, Bassetti MF, West BT et al (2013) Ipilimumab and radiation therapy for melanoma brain metastases. Cancer Med 2:899\u2013906. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.140","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2880_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.5.JNS111929","volume":"117","author":"JP Knisely","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knisely JP, Yu JB, Flanigan J et al (2012) Radiosurgery for melanoma brain metastases in the ipilimumab era and the possibility of longer survival. J Neurosurg 117:227\u2013233","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2880_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.01.004","volume":"92","author":"AP Kiess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kiess AP, Wolchok JD, Barker CA et al (2015) Stereotactic radiosurgery for melanoma brain metastases in patients receiving ipilimumab: safety profile and efficacy of combined treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 92:368\u2013375. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.01.004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2880_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9076","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.9076","volume":"32","author":"S Shoukat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shoukat S, Marcus D, Rizzo M et al (2014) Outcome with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and ipilimumab (Ipi) for malignant melanoma brain metastases (mets). J Clin Oncol 32:9076","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00507-6","volume":"47","author":"E Shaw","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shaw E, Scott C, Souhami L et al (2000) Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumors and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90-05. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:291\u2013298","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2880_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-0985-4","volume":"17","author":"SB Edge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edge SB, Compton CC (2010) The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol 17:1471\u20131474. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-010-0985-4","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.025","volume":"77","author":"PW Sperduto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sperduto PW, Chao ST, Sneed PK et al (2010) Diagnosis-specific prognostic factors, indexes, and treatment outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases: a multi-institutional analysis of 4,259 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 77:655\u2013661. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.025","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2880_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29889","volume":"122","author":"AKS Salama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salama AKS, Postow MA, Salama JK (2016) Irradiation and immunotherapy: from concept to the clinic. Cancer 122:1659\u20131671. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.29889","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2880_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14292","volume":"520","author":"C Twyman-Saint Victor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Twyman-Saint Victor C, Rech AJ, Maity A et al (2015) Radiation and dual checkpoint blockade activate non-redundant immune mechanisms in cancer. Nature 520:373\u2013377. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14292","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2880_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-013-1474-y","volume":"63","author":"B Frey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frey B, Rubner Y, Kulzer L et al (2014) Antitumor immune responses induced by ionizing irradiation and further immune stimulation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 63:29\u201336. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-013-1474-y","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"2880_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32835f3d90","volume":"23","author":"M Mathew","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mathew M, Tam M, Ott PA et al (2013) Ipilimumab in melanoma with limited brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. Melanoma Res 23:191\u2013195. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32835f3d90","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2880_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000199","volume":"40","author":"KR Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel KR, Shoukat S, Oliver DE et al (2017) Ipilimumab and stereotactic radiosurgery versus stereotactic radiosurgery alone for newly diagnosed melanoma brain metastases. Am J Clin Oncol 40:444\u2013450","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.JNS171286","author":"K Diao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diao K, Bian SX, Routman DM et al (2018) Combination ipilimumab and radiosurgery for brain metastases: tumor, edema, and adverse radiation effects. J Neurosurg. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.7.JNS171286","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2880_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.08.009","volume":"125","author":"Y An","year":"2017","unstructured":"An Y, Jiang W, Kim BYS et al (2017) Stereotactic radiosurgery of early melanoma brain metastases after initiation of anti-CTLA-4 treatment is associated with improved intracranial control. Radiother Oncol 125:80\u201388. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.08.009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS161585","volume":"127","author":"O Cohen-Inbar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen-Inbar O, Shih H-H, Xu Z et al (2017) The effect of timing of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of melanoma brain metastases treated with ipilimumab. J Neurosurg 127:1007\u20131014. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.9.JNS161585","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2880_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070606","volume":"7","author":"JG Cairncross","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cairncross JG, Kim J-H, Posner JB (1980) Radation therapy for brain metastases. Ann Neurol 7:529\u2013541. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410070606","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2880_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1511","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.1511","volume":"9","author":"SM Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen SM, Castrellon A, Vaidis O, Johnson AE (2017) Stereotactic radiosurgery and ipilimumab versus stereotactic radiosurgery alone in melanoma brain metastases. Cureus 9:e1511. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.1511","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2880_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.05.028","author":"NL Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams NL, Wuthrick EJ, Kim H et al (2017) Phase I study of ipilimumab combined with whole brain radiation therapy or radiosurgery for melanoma patients with brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.05.028","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2880_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS142763","volume":"125","author":"RJ Colaco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colaco RJ, Martin P, Kluger HM et al (2016) Does immunotherapy increase the rate of radiation necrosis after radiosurgical treatment of brain metastases? J Neurosurg 125:17\u201323. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.6.JNS142763","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2880_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.05.016","volume":"48","author":"S Du Four","year":"2012","unstructured":"Du Four S, Wilgenhof S, Duerinck J et al (2012) Radiation necrosis of the brain in melanoma patients successfully treated with ipilimumab, three case studies. Eur J Cancer 48:3045\u20133051. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.05.016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2880_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.06.855","volume":"96","author":"ZA Siddiqui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqui ZA, Johnson MD, Baschnagel AM et al (2016) Predictors of radiation necrosis in long-term survivors of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 96:E104. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.06.855","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11060-018-2880-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-018-2880-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-018-2880-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T19:14:53Z","timestamp":1556133293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11060-018-2880-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-018-2880-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-594X","1573-7373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-594X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Eric L. Chang received speaker\u2019s honorarium from Brainlab.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}