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The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive performance, and predictors thereof, in patients with 1\u201310 BM before radiosurgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognition was measured before radiosurgery using a standardized neuropsychological test battery in patients with 1\u201310 BM (expected survival\u2009&gt;\u20093\u00a0months; KPS\u2009\u2265\u200970; no prior BM treatment). Regression formulae were constructed to calculate sociodemographically corrected z scores. Group and individual cognitive functioning was analyzed. Multivariable regression was used to explore potential predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients (N\u2009=\u200992) performed significantly worse than controls (N\u2009=\u2009104) on all 11 test variables (medium-large effect sizes for 8 variables). Percentages of impairment were highest for information processing (55.3%), dexterity (43.2%) and cognitive flexibility (28.7%). 62% and 46% of patients had impairments in at least two, or three test variables, respectively. Models including combinations of clinical and psychological variables were predictive of verbal memory, psychomotor speed, information processing and dexterity. Neither number nor volume of metastases predicted patients\u2019 test performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Already before radiosurgery, almost half of the patients suffered from severe cognitive deficits in at least three test variables. At group and individual level, information processing, cognitive flexibility, and dexterity were most affected. These cognitive impairments may impair daily functioning and patients\u2019 ability to make (shared) treatment decisions. Both clinical (symptomatic BM; timing of BM diagnosis) and psychological (mental fatigue) characteristics influenced cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial information<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognition and Radiation Study A (CAR-Study A; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02953756; Medical Ethics Committee file number: NL53472.028.15\/P1515).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03292-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T04:03:08Z","timestamp":1569297788000},"page":"265-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cognitive functioning and predictors thereof in patients with 1\u201310 brain metastases selected for stereotactic radiosurgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wietske C. 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