{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:30:23Z","timestamp":1791689423824,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurooncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03526-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T04:02:45Z","timestamp":1590120165000},"page":"353-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Randomized prospective trial of fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for bevacizumab-resistant high-grade glioma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bergman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Modh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonni","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Salim","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Walbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not151","volume":"15","author":"QT Ostrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Farah P, Ondracek A, Chen Y, Wolinsky Y, Stroup NE, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (2013) CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006\u20132010. Neuro Oncol 15:ii1\u2013ii56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/not151","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","volume":"352","author":"R Stupp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Gorlia T, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Cairncross JG, Eisenhauer E, Mirimanoff RO, European Organisation for Research, and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor, and Radiotherapy Groups, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (2005) Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 352:987\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3526_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.2229","volume":"31","author":"MJ van den Bent","year":"2013","unstructured":"van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, Kros JM, Kouwenhoven MC, Delattre JY, Bernsen HJ, Frenay M, Tijssen CC, Grisold W, Sipos L, Enting RH, French PJ, Dinjens WN, Vecht CJ, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Gorlia T, Hoang-Xuan K (2013) Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group study 26951. J Clin Oncol 31:344\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.2229","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.2674","volume":"31","author":"G Cairncross","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cairncross G, Wang M, Shaw E, Jenkins R, Brachman D, Buckner J, Fink K, Souhami L, Laperriere N, Curran W, Mehta M (2013) Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term results of RTOG 9402. J Clin Oncol 31:337\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.2674","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now133","volume":"18","author":"W Wick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wick W, Roth P, Hartmann C, Hau P, Nakamura M, Stockhammer F, Sabel MC, Wick A, Koeppen S, Ketter R, Vajkoczy P, Eyupoglu I, Kalff R, Pietsch T, Happold C, Galldiks N, Schmidt-Graf F, Bamberg M, Reifenberger G, Platten M, von Deimling A, Meisner C, Wiestler B, Weller M, Neurooncology Working Group of the German Cancer Society (2016) Long-term analysis of the NOA-04 randomized phase III trial of sequential radiochemotherapy of anaplastic glioma with PCV or temozolomide. Neuro Oncol 18:1529\u20131537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/now133","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90559-2","volume":"29","author":"PK Sneed","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sneed PK, Gutin PH, Larson DA, Malec MK, Phillips TL, Prados MD, Scharfen CO, Weaver KA, Wara WM (1994) Patterns of recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme after external irradiation followed by implant boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 29:719\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90559-2","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000304121.57857.38","volume":"70","author":"AD Norden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Norden AD, Young GS, Setayesh K, Muzikansky A, Klufas R, Ross GL, Ciampa AS, Ebbeling LG, Levy B, Drappatz J, Kesari S, Wen PY (2008) Bevacizumab for recurrent malignant gliomas: efficacy, toxicity, and patterns of recurrence. Neurology 70:779\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000304121.57857.38","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3526_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.2440","volume":"25","author":"JJ Vredenburgh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vredenburgh JJ, Desjardins A, Herndon JE 2nd, Marcello J, Reardon DA, Quinn JA, Rich JN, Sathornsumetee S, Gururangan S, Sampson J, Wagner M, Bailey L, Bigner DD, Friedman AH, Friedman HS (2007) Bevacizumab plus irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Oncol 25:4722\u20134729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.2440","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.06.070","volume":"44","author":"M Tipping","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tipping M, Eickhoff J, Ian Robins H (2017) Clinical outcomes in recurrent glioblastoma with bevacizumab therapy: an analysis of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 44:101\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.06.070","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3526_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2017.5.1.1","volume":"5","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Y, Ali S, Clarke J, Cha S (2017) Bevacizumab in recurrent glioma: patterns of treatment failure and implications. Brain Tumor Res Treat 5:1\u20139","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res Treat"},{"key":"3526_CR11","first-page":"271","volume":"36","author":"P Dirks","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dirks P, Bernstein M, Muller PJ, Tucker WS (1993) The value of reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma. Can J Surg 36:271\u2013275","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"3526_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(98)00416-7","volume":"43","author":"RS Hudes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hudes RS, Corn BW, Werner-Wasik M, Andrews D, Rosenstock J, Thoron L, Downes B, Curran WJ Jr (1999) A phase I dose escalation study of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy as salvage therapy for persistent or recurrent malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43:293\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-3016(98)00416-7","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.04.011","volume":"60","author":"L Souhami","year":"2004","unstructured":"Souhami L, Seiferheld W, Brachman D, Podgorsak EB, Werner-Wasik M, Lustig R, Schultz CJ, Sause W, Okunieff P, Buckner J, Zamorano L, Mehta MP, Curran WJ Jr (2004) Randomized comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery followed by conventional radiotherapy with carmustine to conventional radiotherapy with carmustine for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 93\u201305 protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:853\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.04.011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001344","volume":"80","author":"BS Imber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Imber BS, Kanungo I, Braunstein S, Barani IJ, Fogh SE, Nakamura JL, Berger MS, Chang EF, Molinaro AM, Cabrera JR, McDermott MW, Sneed PK, Aghi MK (2017) Indications and efficacy of gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma: 2 decades of institutional experience. Neurosurgery 80:129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001344","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3526_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i2.142","volume":"5","author":"EW Larson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Larson EW, Peterson HE, Lamoreaux WT, MacKay AR, Fairbanks RK, Call JA, Carlson JD, Ling BC, Demakas JJ, Cooke BS, Lee CM (2014) Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma. World J Clin Oncol 5:142\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5306\/wjco.v5.i2.142","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9752-9","volume":"92","author":"M Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel M, Siddiqui F, Jin JY, Mikkelsen T, Rosenblum M, Movsas B, Ryu S (2009) Salvage reirradiation for recurrent glioblastoma with radiosurgery: radiographic response and improved survival. J Neurooncol 92:185\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-008-9752-9","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"3526_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-0034-y","volume":"97","author":"RG Torcuator","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torcuator RG, Thind R, Patel M, Mohan YS, Anderson J, Doyle T, Ryu S, Jain R, Schultz L, Rosenblum M, Mikkelsen T (2010) The role of salvage reirradiation for malignant gliomas that progress on bevacizumab. J Neurooncol 97:401\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-009-0034-y","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"3526_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1290-4","volume":"116","author":"EY Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim EY, Yechieli R, Kim JK, Mikkelsen T, Kalkanis SN, Rock J, Rosenblum M, Ryu S (2014) Patterns of failure after radiosurgery to two different target volumes of enhancing lesions with and without FLAIR abnormalities in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 116:291\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-013-1290-4","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"3526_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081","volume":"37","author":"SH Benedict","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benedict SH, Yenice KM, Followill D, Galvin JM, Hinson W, Kavanagh B, Keall P, Lovelock M, Meeks S, Papiez L, Purdie T, Sadagopan R, Schell MC, Salter B, Schlesinger DJ, Shiu AS, Solberg T, Song DY, Stieber V, Timmerman R, Tome WA, Verellen D, Wang L, Yin FF (2010) Stereotactic body radiation therapy: the report of AAPM Task Group 101. Med Phys 37:4078\u20134101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3438081","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3541","volume":"28","author":"PY Wen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Reardon DA, Cloughesy TF, Sorensen AG, Galanis E, Degroot J, Wick W, Gilbert MR, Lassman AB, Tsien C, Mikkelsen T, Wong ET, Chamberlain MC, Stupp R, Lamborn KR, Vogelbaum MA, van den Bent MJ, Chang SM (2010) Updated response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: response assessment in neuro-oncology working group. J Clin Oncol 28:1963\u20131972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3541","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3526_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.04.029","volume":"86","author":"AR Cabrera","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cabrera AR, Cuneo KC, Desjardins A, Sampson JH, McSherry F, Herndon JE 2nd, Peters KB, Allen K, Hoang JK, Chang Z, Craciunescu O, Vredenburgh JJ, Friedman HS, Kirkpatrick JP (2013) Concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery and bevacizumab in recurrent malignant gliomas: a prospective trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86:873\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.04.029","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.10.043","volume":"75","author":"PH Gutin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gutin PH, Iwamoto FM, Beal K, Mohile NA, Karimi S, Hou BL, Lymberis S, Yamada Y, Chang J, Abrey LE (2009) Safety and efficacy of bevacizumab with hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation for recurrent malignant gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75:156\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.10.043","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8293","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008293","volume":"96","author":"K Fetcko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fetcko K, Lukas RV, Watson GA, Zhang L, Dey M (2017) Survival and complications of stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review of stereotactic radiosurgery for newly diagnosed and recurrent high-grade gliomas. Medicine (Baltimore) 96:e8293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000008293","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3526_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1184572","volume":"16","author":"E Le Rhun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Le Rhun E, Dhermain F, Vogin G, Reyns N, Metellus P (2016) Radionecrosis after stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases. Expert Rev Neurother 16:903\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737175.2016.1184572","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"3526_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.12.061","volume":"79","author":"VA Levin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Levin VA, Bidaut L, Hou P, Kumar AJ, Wefel JS, Bekele BN, Grewal J, Prabhu S, Loghin M, Gilbert MR, Jackson EF (2011) Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of bevacizumab therapy for radiation necrosis of the central nervous system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79:1487\u20131495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.12.061","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx369","volume":"83","author":"M Abbassy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Brewer C, Peereboom DM, Ahluwalia M, Neyman G, Chao ST, Suh JH, Vogelbaum MA (2018) Phase I trial of radiosurgery dose escalation plus bevacizumab in patients with recurrent\/progressive glioblastoma. Neurosurgery 83:385\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyx369","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3526_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.12.074","volume":"82","author":"KC Cuneo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cuneo KC, Vredenburgh JJ, Sampson JH, Reardon DA, Desjardins A, Peters KB, Friedman HS, Willett CG, Kirkpatrick JP (2012) Safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery and adjuvant bevacizumab in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:2018\u20132024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.12.074","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"3526_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.06.539","volume":"105","author":"C Tsien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsien C, Pugh S, Dicker AP, Raizer JJ, Matuszak MM, Lallana E, Huang J, Algan O, Taylor N, Portelance L, Villano J, Hamm J, Oh KS, Ali AN, Kim MM, Lindhorst S, Mehta MP (2019) Randomized phase II trial of re-irradiation and concurrent bevacizumab versus bevacizumab alone as treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (NRG Oncology\/RTOG 1205): initial outcomes and RT plan quality report [abstract]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 105:S78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.06.539","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-020-03526-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11060-020-03526-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-020-03526-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T23:47:02Z","timestamp":1621640822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11060-020-03526-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-020-03526-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-594X","1573-7373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-594X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest. ICMJE forms have been signed by all authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest:"}},{"value":"This study was approved by our institutional review board (HFHS-C # 11\u201301).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval:"}}]}}