{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:09:27Z","timestamp":1767704967777,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurooncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-025-05296-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:20:03Z","timestamp":1760617203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulating the pace: systemic targeted therapy, brain metastasis velocity, and outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery in breast cancer brain metastases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9746-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Goulenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8084-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarthak","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkatesh Shankar","family":"Madhugiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil D.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Fung-Kee-Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9388-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Plunkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dheerendra","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"5296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0619-y","volume":"121","author":"A Darlix","year":"2019","unstructured":"Darlix A, Louvel G, Fraisse J, Jacot W, Brain E, Debled M, Mouret-Reynier MA, Goncalves A, Dalenc F, Delaloge S, Campone M, Augereau P, Ferrero JM, Levy C, Fumet JD, Lecouillard I, Cottu P, Petit T, Uwer L, Jouannaud C, Leheurteur M, Dieras V, Robain M, Chevrot M, Pasquier D, Bachelot T (2019) Impact of breast cancer molecular subtypes on the incidence, kinetics and prognosis of central nervous system metastases in a large multicentre real-life cohort. Br J Cancer 121:991\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-019-0619-y","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"5296_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.23.00794","volume":"20","author":"AS Raghavendra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raghavendra AS, Ibrahim NK (2024) Breast cancer brain metastasis: A comprehensive review. JCO Oncol Pract 20:1348\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.23.00794","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"5296_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-015-0028-8","volume":"4","author":"JP Leone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leone JP, Leone BA (2015) Breast cancer brain metastases: the last frontier. Exp Hematol Oncol 4:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-015-0028-8","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2253-8","volume":"137","author":"CH Kroenke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kroenke CH, Quesenberry C, Kwan ML, Sweeney C, Castillo A, Caan BJ (2013) Social networks, social support, and burden in relationships, and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis in the life after breast cancer epidemiology (LACE) study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 137:261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-012-2253-8","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"5296_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.GKS161541","volume":"125","author":"M Mix","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mix M, Elmarzouky R, O\u2019Connor T, Plunkett R, Prasad D (2016) Clinical outcomes in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer treated with single-session radiosurgery or whole brain radiotherapy. J Neurosurg 125:26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.7.GKS161541","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5296_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30009","volume":"122","author":"LM Halasz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Halasz LM, Uno H, Hughes M, D\u2019Amico T, Dexter EU, Edge SB, Hayman JA, Niland JC, Otterson GA, Pisters KM, Theriault R, Weeks JC, Punglia RS (2016) Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery versus whole-brain radiation therapy for patients with brain metastases from breast or non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 122:2091\u20132100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.30009","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"5296_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.027","volume":"82","author":"PW Sperduto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sperduto PW, Kased N, Roberge D, Xu Z, Shanley R, Luo X, Sneed PK, Chao ST, Weil RJ, Suh J, Bhatt A, Jensen AW, Brown PD, Shih HA, Kirkpatrick J, Gaspar LE, Fiveash JB, Chiang V, Knisely JP, Sperduto CM, Lin N, Mehta M (2012) Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer and brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:2111\u20132117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.027","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"5296_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70263-3","volume":"10","author":"EL Chang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chang EL, Wefel JS, Hess KR, Allen PK, Lang FF, Kornguth DG, Arbuckle RB, Swint JM, Shiu AS, Maor MH, Meyers CA (2009) Neurocognition in patients with brain metastases treated with radiosurgery or radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 10:1037\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70263-3","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.21.2483","volume":"295","author":"H Aoyama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aoyama H, Shirato H, Tago M, Nakagawa K, Toyoda T, Hatano K, Kenjyo M, Oya N, Hirota S, Shioura H, Kunieda E, Inomata T, Hayakawa K, Katoh N, Kobashi G (2006) Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation therapy vs stereotactic radiosurgery alone for treatment of brain metastases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295:2483\u20132491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.295.21.2483","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5296_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4466-3","volume":"166","author":"G Frisk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frisk G, Tinge B, Ekberg S, Eloranta S, Backlund LM, Lidbrink E, Smedby KE (2017) Survival and level of care among breast cancer patients with brain metastases treated with whole brain radiotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 166:887\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-017-4466-3","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"5296_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.01.039","volume":"78","author":"V Gondi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gondi V, Tolakanahalli R, Mehta MP, Tewatia D, Rowley H, Kuo JS, Khuntia D, Tome WA (2010) Hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy: a how-to technique using helical tomotherapy and linear accelerator-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:1244\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.01.039","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"5296_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac064","volume":"27","author":"I Schlam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schlam I, Gatti-Mays ME (2022) Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases. Oncologist 27:538\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac064","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"5296_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy044","volume":"20","author":"R Pedrosa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pedrosa R, Mustafa DA, Soffietti R, Kros JM (2018) Breast cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and directions for treatment. Neuro Oncol 20:1439\u20131449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noy044","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.04.35","volume":"6","author":"EM Brosnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brosnan EM, Anders CK (2018) Understanding patterns of brain metastasis in breast cancer and designing rational therapeutic strategies. Ann Transl Med 6:163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2018.04.35","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"5296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-025-00735-w","volume":"11","author":"M Bottosso","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bottosso M, Griguolo G, Guiu S, Guarascio MC, Bailleux C, Miglietta F, Cattelan AC, Zurlo C, Ferrero JM, Aldegheri V, Falci C, Zanghi F, Giorgi CA, Parisi A, Vernaci GM, Girardi F, Jacot W, Dieci MV, Darlix A, Guarneri V (2025) Temporal evolution of breast cancer brain metastases treatments and outcomes. NPJ Breast Cancer 11:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41523-025-00735-w","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"5296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-3242-x","volume":"149","author":"E Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho E, Rubinstein L, Stevenson P, Gooley T, Philips M, Halasz LM, Gensheimer MF, Linden HM, Rockhill JK, Gadi VK (2015) The use of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from breast cancer: who benefits most? Breast Cancer Res Treat 149:743\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-014-3242-x","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"5296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18945","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4153","volume":"6","author":"AG Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson AG, Ruiz J, Hughes R, Page BR, Isom S, Lucas JT, McTyre ER, Houseknecht KW, Ayala-Peacock DN, Bourland DJ, Hinson WH, Laxton AW, Tatter SB, Debinski W, Watabe K, Chan MD (2015) Impact of systemic targeted agents on the clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastases. Oncotarget 6:18945\u201318955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.4153","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"5296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418580","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1418580","volume":"15","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li T, Sun S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wei L (2024) Immunotherapy revolutionizing brain metastatic cancer treatment: personalized strategies for transformative outcomes. Front Immunol 15:1418580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1418580","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5296_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01818-7","volume":"22","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Khan P, Rehman AU, Batra SK, Nasser MW (2023) Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis. Mol Cancer 22:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-023-01818-7","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"5296_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5603\/RPOR.a2021.0001","volume":"26","author":"I Ratosa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ratosa I, Vidmar MS (2021) Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with breast cancer brain oligometastases - molecular subtypes and clinical outcomes. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 26:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/RPOR.a2021.0001","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"5296_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05835-8","volume":"184","author":"K Aoyagi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aoyagi K, Higuchi Y, Matsunaga S, Serizawa T, Yomo S, Aiyama H, Nagano O, Kondoh T, Kenai H, Shuto T, Kawagishi J, Jokura H, Sato S, Nakazaki K, Nakaya K, Hasegawa T, Kawashima M, Kawai H, Yamanaka K, Nagatomo Y, Yamamoto M, Sato Y, Aoyagi T, Matsutani T, Iwadate Y (2020) Impact of breast cancer subtype on clinical outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain metastases from breast cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective study (JLGK1702). Breast Cancer Res Treat 184:149\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-020-05835-8","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"5296_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.01.051","volume":"107","author":"PW Sperduto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sperduto PW, Mesko S, Li J, Cagney D, Aizer A, Lin NU, Nesbit E, Kruser TJ, Chan J, Braunstein S, Lee J, Kirkpatrick JP, Breen W, Brown PD, Shi D, Shih HA, Soliman H, Sahgal A, Shanley R, Sperduto W, Lou E, Everett A, Boggs DH, Masucci L, Roberge D, Remick J, Plichta K, Buatti JM, Jain S, Gaspar LE, Wu CC, Wang TJC, Bryant J, Chuong M, Yu J, Chiang V, Nakano T, Aoyama H, Mehta MP (2020) Beyond an updated graded prognostic assessment (Breast GPA): A prognostic index and trends in treatment and survival in breast cancer brain metastases from 1985 to today. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 107:334\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.01.051","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"5296_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.8517","volume":"33","author":"IM Subbiah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Subbiah IM, Lei X, Weinberg JS, Sulman EP, Chavez-MacGregor M, Tripathy D, Gupta R, Varma A, Chouhan J, Guevarra RP, Valero V, Gilbert MR, Gonzalez-Angulo AM (2015) Validation and development of a modified breast graded prognostic assessment as a tool for survival in patients with breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 33:2239\u20132245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.8517","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-024-04697-0","volume":"168","author":"V Goulenko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goulenko V, Madhugiri VS, Bregy A, Recker M, Lipinski L, Fabiano A, Fenstermaker R, Plunkett R, Abad A, Belal A, Alberico R, Qiu J, Prasad D (2024) Histopathological correlation of brain tumor recurrence vs. radiation effect post-radiosurgery as detected by MRI contrast clearance analysis: a validation study. J Neurooncol 168:547\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-024-04697-0","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"5296_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.06.057","volume":"108","author":"CA Helis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helis CA, Hughes RT, Glenn CW, Lanier CM, Masters AH, Dohm A, Ahmed T, Ruiz J, Triozzi P, Gondal H, Cramer CK, Tatter SB, Laxton AW, Xing F, Lo HW, Su J, Watabe K, Wang G, Whitlow CT, Chan MD (2020) Predictors of adverse radiation effect in brain metastasis patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 108:295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.06.057","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"5296_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2017.04.006","volume":"27","author":"D Smart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smart D (2017) Radiation toxicity in the central nervous system: mechanisms and strategies for injury reduction. Semin Radiat Oncol 27:332\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semradonc.2017.04.006","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.08.011","volume":"142","author":"ER McTyre","year":"2020","unstructured":"McTyre ER, Soike MH, Farris M, Ayala-Peacock DN, Hepel JT, Page BR, Shen C, Kleinberg L, Contessa JN, Corso C, Chiang V, Henson-Masters A, Cramer CK, Ruiz J, Pasche B, Watabe K, D\u2019Agostino R, Su J, Laxton AW, Tatter SB, Fiveash JB, Ahluwalia M, Kotecha R, Chao ST, Braunstein SE, Attia A, Chung C, Chan MD (2020) Multi-institutional validation of brain metastasis velocity, a recently defined predictor of outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery. Radiother Oncol 142:168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.08.011","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farris M, McTyre ER, Cramer CK, Hughes R, Randolph DM 2nd, Ayala-Peacock DN, Bourland JD, Ruiz J, Watabe K, Laxton AW, Tatter SB, Zhou X, Chan MD (2017) Brain metastasis velocity: A novel prognostic metric predictive of overall survival and freedom from Whole-Brain radiation therapy after distant brain failure following upfront radiosurgery alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 98:131\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.201"},{"key":"5296_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2008.44.6.358","volume":"44","author":"CH Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim CH, Im YS, Nam DH, Park K, Kim JH, Lee JI (2008) Gamma Knife radiosurgery for ten or more brain metastases. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 44:358\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2008.44.6.358","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"5296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386909","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1386909","volume":"14","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Zhen J, Ai R, Lai M, Wang H, Cai L (2024) Intracranial management of HER-2 overexpression breast cancer with extensive volume or symptomatic brain metastases. Front Oncol 14:1386909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1386909","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0653-y","volume":"106","author":"JH Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han JH, Kim DG, Oh CW, Kim CY, Kim YH, Park JH, Kim EK, Jung HW (2012) Progression of the lung cancer primary correlates with the identification of new brain metastases after initial radiosurgery. J Neurooncol 106:161\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-011-0653-y","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"5296_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01518-1","volume":"16","author":"D Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou D, Gong Z, Wu D, Ma C, Hou L, Niu X, Xu T (2023) Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities. J Hematol Oncol 16:121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-023-01518-1","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"5296_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","volume":"41","author":"KE de Visser","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Visser KE, Joyce JA (2023) The evolving tumor microenvironment: from cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth. Cancer Cell 41:374\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"5296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01885-2","volume":"9","author":"X Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi X, Wang X, Yao W, Shi D, Shao X, Lu Z, Chai Y, Song J, Tang W, Wang X (2024) Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01885-2","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-025-05296-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11060-025-05296-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-025-05296-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:34:47Z","timestamp":1767702887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11060-025-05296-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-025-05296-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-594X","1573-7373"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0167-594X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7373"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This observational study received approval from the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center\u2019s Institutional Review Board. The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All necessary written informed consents were obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The author Dheerendra Prasad works as a consultant for Elekta AB (Stockholm, Sweden). The other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}