{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:57:52Z","timestamp":1781650672839,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurooncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereotactic brain biopsies are not without risk, and non-diagnostic biopsies can delay the instigation of appropriate treatment. Institutions rarely report their negative (non-diagnostic) results; this reporting is essential for quality and improvement in neurosurgical departments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a retrospective single-center decade-long cohort of non-diagnostic stereotactic biopsies. We report the indications for biopsy, histopathological findings, rates of re-biopsy, lesion characteristics and biopsy success metrics such as depth-do-diameter, biopsy accessibility metrics and true (TN) and false (FN) negative rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 387 biopsies, 23 were non-diagnostic (5.94%). Among 196 robot-assisted procedures, the non-diagnostic rate was 5.05%, compared to 6.88% across 189 non-robot-assisted biopsies (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.52). The anticipated diagnosis was tumor\/metastasis in 65% of cases. 26% of patients were asymptomatic prior to biopsy. The target was subcortical in 61% of cases, with median volume 8.36cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      and lesion depth 65.05\u00a0mm. Deeper lesions were larger (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.47, 95%CI:0.02\u20130.76,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036). Biopsy showed indeterminate mild gliosis in 60.9%, normal parenchyma in 34.8% and hemorrhage in one case. Two patients underwent re-biopsy. Post-biopsy, 52% were treated medically, 26% remained under observation, the remainder were palliated or underwent surgery. On review of prior and future clinical\/radiological\/histopathological data, 7 (30.4%) were TN, 14 (60.8%) were FN. No TN biopsies occurred at a lesion depth of less than 50\u00a0mm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal method and equipment for stereotactic biopsies remains an area of personal and institutional preference. Internal review of these metrics can identify areas for improvement of service delivery in a procedure that is central to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with brain lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05584-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1776767855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-diagnostic stereotactic intracranial biopsies: a 15-year institutional experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vratko","family":"Himic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Vargas-George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxon V.","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaidya","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth S.","family":"Tigchelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Cardinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adham M.","family":"Khalafallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatun Mine","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary C.","family":"Gersey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Aaronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Komotar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5584_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44622-4","volume":"9","author":"P Trojanowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trojanowski P, Jarosz B, Szczepanek D (2019) The diagnostic quality of needle brain biopsy specimens obtained with different sampling methods - Experimental study. 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