{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:14:40Z","timestamp":1788250480181,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurooncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through interactional, multilevel models of social determinants of health (SDoH) incorporating comprehensive census-level and individual-level SDoH-factors, to assess whether pituitary adenoma disparities are more strongly associated with community-level factors compared to individual-level ones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed pituitary adenoma patients nationally between 2010 and 2018 using multivariate, age-adjusted regressions and cox-proportional hazards models; covariates of sex, race-ethnicity, census-level rurality-urbanicity, census-level Yost-Index score (aggregating 7 SES-measures of education, income, housing) and clinical outcomes of mortality, surgical resection, &amp; delays-in-treatment (3 months-or-over from diagnosis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across 44,514 pituitary adenomas-patients, all-cause mortality featured markedly positive independent predictors of decreasing Yost-SES (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35\u20131.52;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Male-Sex (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16\u20131.32;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Indicated surgery receipt showed markedly positive independent predictors of Male-Sex (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.59\u20131.72;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Minority Race\/Ethnicity (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.14\u20131.23;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and Rurality (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.16;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030). Having a delay-of-treatment showed markedly positive independent predictors of Female-Sex (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.18\u20131.30;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and decreasing Yost-SES (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08\u20131.20;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through assessing individual- and community-level social determinants in tandem, this study identified detrimental SDoH-associations with pituitary adenoma care and prognosis. Community-level Yost-Index SES and individual sex showed stronger associations with observed disparities, presenting multilevel considerations for prospective initiatives to consider.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05716-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:17:56Z","timestamp":1785910676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual and community-level associations of social determinants with pituitary adenoma disparities in the US"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Atharva","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4485-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Fei-Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Puchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill N.","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Sheyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Talwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Chelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Rastatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishabh","family":"Sethia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5716_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.04.002","volume":"49","author":"AF Daly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daly AF, Beckers A (2020) The Epidemiology of Pituitary Adenomas. 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