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Preoperative phenotype, perioperative complications, biochemical remission, radiographic persistence, and reintervention were compared across groups using unweighted statistics (Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact tests). Sensitivity analysis used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with a multinomial propensity model; Black subgroup comparisons were considered exploratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hispanic patients lived closer to the center (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and presented with milder disease. Black patients were younger (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), with higher BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033) and near-uniformly solid tumors (94%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040). Postoperative arginine vasopressin deficiency was less frequent in Hispanic than WnH patients (25% vs. 55%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Durable remission rates were comparable (WnH 79%, Hispanic 81%, Black 88%), though Black patients had higher day-1 cortisol and delayed remission on IPTW sensitivity, higher radiographic persistence (38% vs. 21%), and higher crude reintervention (25% vs. 4.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036). On exploratory IPTW analysis, Hispanic patients also showed shorter reintervention-free survival despite favorable baseline features (IPTW HR 4.20;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036), a signal not apparent in unadjusted analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Race- and ethnicity-associated differences emerged mainly at baseline presentation and in postoperative trajectory, whereas durable biochemical remission converged across groups; Black subgroup analyses were limited by small sample size and residual imbalance after weighting. These hypothesis-generating findings support postoperative surveillance tailored to where differences emerge rather than to ultimate remission and require validation in larger multicenter cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05741-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:21:54Z","timestamp":1786004514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial and ethnic differences in presentation and postoperative recovery after transsphenoidal surgery for cushing disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1577-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleigh S.","family":"Roach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vratko","family":"Himic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Dahake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushi H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kreatsoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Jahangiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen V.","family":"Villabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoukaa B.","family":"Sargi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina G.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Komotar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5741_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2025.108931","volume":"254","author":"AA Elsamadicy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elsamadicy AA, Serrato P, Ghanekar SD, Sadeghzadeh S, Hansen J, Mitre LP, Lo SL, Sciubba DM (2025) Racial\/ethnic disparities on resource utilization and outcomes for patients undergoing spine surgery: A NSQIP analysis of 402,765 patients. 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