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We examined the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) at six peri-treatment time points and whether discharge FAC is associated with overall survival (OS) independently of contemporaneous performance status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study included 185 adults with newly diagnosed GBM treated from 2011 to 2020. FAC was assessed preoperatively, on postoperative day 5, before chemoradiotherapy, at discharge, and 1 and 4 months after discharge. The primary analysis used a discharge landmark, with FAC grouped as 0\u20131, 2\u20134, and 5 and adjustment for age, sex, extent of resection, and discharge Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). Incremental performance was assessed using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell\u2019s C-index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher FAC was associated with longer OS at all six time points, with the strongest univariable association at discharge. In the discharge-landmark model (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009162; 138 deaths), adjusted hazard ratios versus FAC 0\u20131 were 0.45 (95% CI, 0.27\u20130.73) for FAC 2\u20134 and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.17\u20130.63) for FAC 5. Adding FAC improved fit and discrimination (\u0394AIC, \u2212\u20098.4; \u0394C-index, +\u20090.022;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Estimates were unchanged after additional adjustment for bevacizumab and post-discharge temozolomide.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discharge FAC carries prognostic information not captured by contemporaneous global performance status and is a practical bedside marker at the transition to post-discharge care, rather than a stand-alone prediction tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was not prospectively registered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No prospective study protocol was prepared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05784-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:21:00Z","timestamp":1789107660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic significance of walking ability at hospital discharge for overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a comparison across six peri-treatment assessments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4677-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhei","family":"Tokiwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3845-4530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8614-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3144-992X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Yonezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7913-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3621-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuki","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayuta","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Hanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9912-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Shimodozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5784_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf177","volume":"27","author":"PY Wen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wen PY, Weller M, Lee EQ et al (2025) Glioblastoma in adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on current management and future directions. 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Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (January 29, 2026\/ No. 250219).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Because of the retrospective study design, informed consent was waived and an opt-out approach was used through public disclosure on the institutional website, as approved by the Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Patients and the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this retrospective study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Patient and public involvement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"78"}}