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Emerging evidence suggests that purinergic signaling and immune-related pathways may contribute to meningioma biology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the expression and activity of CD39\/ENTPD1 and CD73\/NT5E, the expression of PD-L1\/CD274, and the systemic inflammatory profile in patients undergoing surgical resection of meningiomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients were included, with specific subgroups available for molecular, immunohistochemical, enzymatic, and cytokine analyses. Molecular comparisons were restricted to WHO grade 1 and grade 2 tumors. NT5E\/CD73 expression was higher in WHO grade 2 tumors at both mRNA and protein levels, whereas CD274\/PD-L1 expression was lower. Peripheral CD39\/CD73 enzymatic activity also differed between study groups, while plasma cytokines showed non-significant trends toward higher concentrations in patients with WHO grade 2 tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the cross-sectional design, small sample sizes for specific analyses, and the absence of direct measurements of adenosine signaling or longitudinal clinical outcomes, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory patterns associated with tumor grade rather than evidence of tumor progression or a causal mechanism of immune evasion. Overall, the results identify CD73 as a candidate biomarker associated with WHO grade, warranting validation in larger, longitudinal, and mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05786-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:59:25Z","timestamp":1789405165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CD73 and PD-L1 expression in WHO grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas: an exploratory analysis of purinergic and immune-related profiles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7792-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor Garcia","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kailane Paula","family":"Pretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6748-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laryssa Vit\u00f3ria Gomes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1532-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendha Aparecida Macedo","family":"Oenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7722-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerso","family":"Menegassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francini","family":"Franscescon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Bianchini","family":"Chimelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8968-5952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Lemos Vieira","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Tavares","family":"de Resende e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maggio I et al (2021) Meningioma: not always a benign tumor. 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