{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:27:38Z","timestamp":1793755658704,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurooncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contralesional corticospinal tract (CST) is often used as an internal reference in glioma tractography, but its longitudinal stability remains poorly understood. We explored within-patient changes in contralesional CST characteristics between primary and recurrent high-grade glioma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine patients with paired preoperative diffusion tensor imaging at primary and recurrent assessments were retrospectively analyzed. The contralesional CST was reconstructed using anatomically guided deterministic tractography at fractional anisotropy thresholds (FATs) of 0.10 and 0.15. Tract-averaged fractional anisotropy (FA), tract length, and tract volume were compared longitudinally. Spatial changes were assessed using patient-level slice-wise centroid trajectories and paired voxel-wise analyses in standardized space, with HCP842 used as a fixed normative spatial reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No longitudinal differences in FA, tract length, or tract volume remained significant after BH-FDR correction. In contrast, slice-wise analyses showed a predominantly anterior CST displacement at recurrence, with mean paired Y-axis differences of 2.576\u00a0mm at FAT 0.10 and 2.078\u00a0mm at FAT 0.15; 57 and 21 slices, respectively, remained significant after correction. Mediolateral changes were smaller and less consistent, and no voxel-wise differences survived correction. Relative to HCP842, both assessments were posterior to the reference trajectory, while the recurrent CST was less posterior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contralesional CST showed longitudinal spatial displacement without corresponding corrected changes in tractography-derived FA, tract length, or tract volume. These findings indicate that its spatial position may not remain fixed between primary and recurrent glioma assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05823-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:15:26Z","timestamp":1791551726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal spatial changes of the contralesional corticospinal tract in high-grade glioma: a within-patient DTI tractography study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Bingzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimunde","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaith","family":"Altawalbeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hoenikl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugen","family":"Ursu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haosu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Karschnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Negwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"5823_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02960-3","volume":"22","author":"AK Aftahy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aftahy AK, Groll M, Wagner A, Barz M, Bernhardt D, Combs SE, Meyer B, Gempt J, Negwer C (2022) Schwannomas of the greater superficial petrosal nerve - case series, discussion of surgical techniques, and review of literature. BMC Neurol 22:470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02960-3","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"5823_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou007","volume":"16","author":"SM Krieg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krieg SM, Sabih J, Bulubasova L, Obermueller T, Negwer C, Janssen I, Shiban E, Meyer B, Ringel F (2014) Preoperative motor mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation improves outcome for motor eloquent lesions. Neurooncology 16:1274\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/nou007","journal-title":"Neurooncology"},{"key":"5823_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874631","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.874631","volume":"12","author":"C Weiss Lucas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weiss Lucas C, Faymonville AM, Lou\u00e7\u00e3o R, Schroeter C, Nettekoven C, Oros-Peusquens AM, Langen KJ, Shah NJ, Stoffels G, Neuschmelting V, Blau T, Neuschmelting H, Hellmich M, Kocher M, Grefkes C, Goldbrunner R (2022) Surgery of Motor Eloquent Glioblastoma Guided by TMS-Informed Tractography: Driving Resection Completeness Towards Prolonged Survival. Front Oncol 12:874631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.874631","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"5823_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7793","volume":"44","author":"A Zhylka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhylka A, Sollmann N, Kofler F, Radwan A, De Luca A, Gempt J, Wiestler B, Menze B, Schroeder A, Zimmer C, Kirschke JS, Sunaert S, Leemans A, Krieg SM, Pluim J (2023) Reconstruction of the Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Motor-Eloquent High-Grade Gliomas Using Multilevel Fiber Tractography Combined with Functional Motor Cortex Mapping. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 44:283\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A7793","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5823_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_862_2020","volume":"12","author":"S Cepeda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cepeda S, Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda S, Arrese I, Velasco-Casares M, Sarabia R (2021) Acute changes in diffusion tensor-derived metrics and its correlation with the motor outcome in gliomas adjacent to the corticospinal tract. Surg Neurol Int 12:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_862_2020","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"5823_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.01.006","volume":"7","author":"C Weiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weiss C, Tursunova I, Neuschmelting V, Lockau H, Nettekoven C, Oros-Peusquens AM, Stoffels G, Rehme AK, Faymonville AM, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Goldbrunner R, Grefkes C (2015) Improved nTMS- and DTI-derived CST tractography through anatomical ROI seeding on anterior pontine level compared to internal capsule. NeuroImage Clin 7:424\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.01.006","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"5823_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gen\u00e7 B, Aslan K, \u00d6z\u00e7a\u011flayan A, \u0130ncesu L (2024) Microstructural abnormalities in the contralateral normal-appearing white matter of glioblastoma patients evaluated with advanced diffusion imaging. Magnetic resonance in medical sciences: MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 23:479\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2463\/mrms.mp.2023-0054","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2023-0054"},{"key":"5823_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2014.45563","volume":"52","author":"K Kallenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kallenberg K, Goldmann T, Menke J, Strik H, Bock HC, Mohr A, Buhk JH, Frahm J, Dechent P, Knauth M (2014) Abnormalities in the normal appearing white matter of the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to a malignant brain tumor detected by diffusion tensor imaging. Folia Neuropathol 52:226\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/fn.2014.45563","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"5823_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24533","volume":"41","author":"TR Hope","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hope TR, Vardal J, Bj\u00f8rnerud A, Larsson C, Arnesen MR, Salo RA, Groote IR (2015) Serial diffusion tensor imaging for early detection of radiation-induced injuries to normal-appearing white matter in high-grade glioma patients. J Magn Reson imaging: JMRI 41:414\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.24533","journal-title":"J Magn Reson imaging: JMRI"},{"key":"5823_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186x.2022.2045036","volume":"61","author":"A Rydelius","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rydelius A, Lampinen B, Rundcrantz A, Bengzon J, Engelholm S, van Westen D, Kinhult S, Knutsson L, L\u00e4tt J, Nilsson M, Sundgren PC (2022) Diffusion tensor imaging in glioblastoma patients treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy: a longitudinal study. Acta Oncol (Stockholm Sweden) 61:680\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0284186x.2022.2045036","journal-title":"Acta Oncol (Stockholm Sweden)"},{"key":"5823_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.027","volume":"178","author":"FC Yeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeh FC, Panesar S, Fernandes D, Meola A, Yoshino M, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Vettel JM, Verstynen T (2018) Population-averaged atlas of the macroscale human structural connectome and its network topology. NeuroImage 178:57\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.027","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"5823_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20169","volume":"20","author":"AS Field","year":"2004","unstructured":"Field AS, Alexander AL, Wu YC, Hasan KM, Witwer B, Badie B (2004) Diffusion tensor eigenvector directional color imaging patterns in the evaluation of cerebral white matter tracts altered by tumor. J Magn Reson imaging: JMRI 20:555\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.20169","journal-title":"J Magn Reson imaging: JMRI"},{"key":"5823_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahmoodi AL, Landers MJF, Rutten GM, Brouwers HB (2023) Characterization and classification of spatial white matter tract alteration patterns in glioma patients using magnetic resonance tractography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15143631","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143631"},{"key":"5823_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799576","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.799576","volume":"15","author":"CR Figley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Figley CR, Uddin MN, Wong K, Kornelsen J, Puig J, Figley TD (2021) Potential Pitfalls of Using Fractional Anisotropy, Axial Diffusivity, and Radial Diffusivity as Biomarkers of Cerebral White Matter Microstructure. Front NeuroSci 15:799576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.799576","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"key":"5823_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.076","volume":"25","author":"M Kinoshita","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinoshita M, Yamada K, Hashimoto N, Kato A, Izumoto S, Baba T, Maruno M, Nishimura T, Yoshimine T (2005) Fiber-tracking does not accurately estimate size of fiber bundle in pathological condition: initial neurosurgical experience using neuronavigation and subcortical white matter stimulation. NeuroImage 25:424\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.076","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"5823_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.08.008","volume":"3","author":"M Bucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bucci M, Mandelli ML, Berman JI, Amirbekian B, Nguyen C, Berger MS, Henry RG (2013) Quantifying diffusion MRI tractography of the corticospinal tract in brain tumors with deterministic and probabilistic methods. NeuroImage Clin 3:361\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.08.008","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"5823_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.051","volume":"34","author":"A Stadlbauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stadlbauer A, Nimsky C, Buslei R, Salomonowitz E, Hammen T, Buchfelder M, Moser E, Ernst-Stecken A, Ganslandt O (2007) Diffusion tensor imaging and optimized fiber tracking in glioma patients: Histopathologic evaluation of tumor-invaded white matter structures. NeuroImage 34:949\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.051","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"5823_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wende T, Kasper J, Wilhelmy F, Dietel E, Hamerla G, Scherlach C, Meixensberger J, Fehrenbach MK (2021) Assessment of a reliable fractional anisotropy cutoff in tractography of the corticospinal tract for neurosurgical patients. Brain Sci 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11050650","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050650"},{"key":"5823_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-0006-y","volume":"14","author":"K Dalamagkas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalamagkas K, Tsintou M, Rathi Y, O\u2019Donnell LJ, Pasternak O, Gong X, Zhu A, Savadjiev P, Papadimitriou GM, Kubicki M, Yeterian EH, Makris N (2020) Individual variations of the human corticospinal tract and its hand-related motor fibers using diffusion MRI tractography. Brain imaging Behav 14:696\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-018-0006-y","journal-title":"Brain imaging Behav"},{"key":"5823_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2589-9","volume":"23","author":"G Kristo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kristo G, Leemans A, de Gelder B, Raemaekers M, Rutten GJ, Ramsey N (2013) Reliability of the corticospinal tract and arcuate fasciculus reconstructed with DTI-based tractography: implications for clinical practice. Eur Radiol 23:28\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-012-2589-9","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-026-05823-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11060-026-05823-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11060-026-05823-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:05:56Z","timestamp":1793754356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11060-026-05823-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-026-05823-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-594X","1573-7373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-594X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The presented study meets the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained by our local ethics committee, and the favorable vote was registered under the number 2026-402-S-CT. Given the retrospective nature of our research, our local ethics committee waived informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval statement and patient consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"10"}}