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The objective of this study was to examine BM incidence rates and characteristics confirmed by MRI in North Savo, Finland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective study, North Savo residents with first MRI diagnosis of BM between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2023 were identified through the radiology information system, irrespective of primary cancer diagnosis date. Medical and histopathological records were reviewed. Population person-years were estimated by summing annual end-year counts of all North Savo residents obtained from Statistics Finland. Crude incidence rates and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), standardized to the 2013 European Standard population, were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed using age-adjusted Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 516 patients, 474 had histopathological verification. Cancers originating from lung and breast tissue accounted for 56.8% of BM cases. Overall crude incidence was 10.22 (95% CI 9.36\u201311.15) and ASIR was 9.20 (95% CI 8.42\u201310.04) per 100,000 person years. ASIR increased from 5.8 in 2004\u20132008 to 11.8 in 2019\u20132023. Age-adjusted Poisson regression estimated a 24% increase in incidence per five-year period (incidence rate ratio 1.24; 95% CI 1.14\u20131.34;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Age-specific incidence peaked at 33.1 per 100,000 person years among patients aged 70\u201374 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI-confirmed BM incidence increased over 20 years, despite age standardization. Incidence was highest among older adults. These findings provide contemporary population-based epidemiological data of BM incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-026-05842-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:26:55Z","timestamp":1792488415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence of intra-axial brain metastases in Eastern Finland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6555-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Moniruzzaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Rantala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhana","family":"Hakum\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Rauramaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5842_CR1","first-page":"4655","volume":"32","author":"E Tabouret","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tabouret E, Chinot O, Metellus P et al (2012) Recent trends in epidemiology of brain metastases: an overview. 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