{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:14:18Z","timestamp":1774869258317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,4]],"date-time":"2007-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-007-9422-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,3]],"date-time":"2007-08-03T15:27:17Z","timestamp":1186154837000},"page":"103-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Acute and Chronic Hyperammonemia Modulate Antioxidant Enzymes Differently in Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Santosh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj K.","family":"Koiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surendra Kumar","family":"Trigun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00019-9","volume":"67","author":"V Felipo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Felipo V, Butterworth RF (2002) Neurobiology of ammonia. Prog Neurobiol 67:259\u2013279","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"9422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200012000-00018","volume":"13","author":"RF Butterworth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Butterworth RF (2000) Hepatic encephalopathy: a neuropsychiatric disorder involving multiple neurotransmitter systems. Curr Opin Neurol 13:721\u2013727","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"9422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80404-5","volume":"296","author":"G Marcaida","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marcaida G, Felipo V, Hermengildo C et al (1992) Acute ammonia toxicity is mediated by the NMDA type of glutamate receptor. FEBS Lett 296:67\u201368","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9422_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011666612822","volume":"16","author":"KV Rama Rao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rama Rao KV, Norenberg MD (2001) Cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Metab Brain Dis 16:67\u201378","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02676355","volume":"12","author":"E Kosenko","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kosenko E, Felipo V, Montoliu C et al (1996) Effects of acute hyperammonemia in vivo on oxidative metabolism in nonsynaptic rat brain mitochondria. Metab Brain Dis 12:69\u201382","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.04.004","volume":"47","author":"KV Rama Rao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR, Norenberg MD (2005) Role of oxidative stress in the ammonia-induced mitochondrial permeability transition in cultered astrocytes. Neurochem Int 47:31\u201338","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"9422_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1222","volume":"66","author":"CRK Murthy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murthy CRK, Rama Rao KV, Bai G et al (2001) Ammonia induced production of free radicals in primary culture of rat astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 66:282\u2013288","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9422_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00339-6","volume":"26","author":"E Kosenko","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kosenko E, Kaminski Y, Lopata O et al (1999) Blocking of NMDA receptors prevents the oxidative stress induced by acute ammonia intoxication. Free Radical Res 26:1369\u20131374","journal-title":"Free Radical Res"},{"key":"9422_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MEBR.0000043978.91675.79","volume":"19","author":"MD Norenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Norenberg MD, Jayakumar AR, Rama Rao KV (2004) Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 19:313\u2013329","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9265-x","volume":"32","author":"KV Sathyasaikumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sathyasaikumar KV, Swapna I, Reddy PVB et al (2007) Fulminant hepatic failure in rats induces oxidative stress differentially in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and pons medula. Neurochem Res 32:517\u2013524","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9422_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00329.x","volume":"10","author":"C Hermenegildo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hermenegildo C, Montoliu C, Llansola M et al (1998) Chronic hyperammonemia impairs the glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclicGMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture and in the rat in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 10:3201\u20133209","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"9422_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.10.014","volume":"48","author":"R Rodrigo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodrigo R, Felipo V (2006) Brain regional alternations in the modulation of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in liver cirrhosis: role of hyperammonemia and cell types involved. Neorochem Int 48:472\u2013477","journal-title":"Neorochem Int"},{"key":"9422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(93)90057-8","volume":"1180","author":"E Kosenko","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kosenko E, Kaminsky YG, Felipo V et al (1993) Chronic hyperammonemia prevents changes in brain energy and ammonia metabolism induced by acute ammonia intoxication. Biochim Biophys Acta 1180:321\u2013326","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"9422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330160079031","volume":"140","author":"SJ Gilberstadt","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gilberstadt SJ, Gilberstadt H, Zieve L et al (1980) Psychomotor performance defects in cirrhotic patients without overt encephalopathy. Arch Int Med 140:519\u2013521","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"9422_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80154-7","volume":"86","author":"RE Tarter","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tarter RE, Hegedus AM, Van Thiel DH et al (1984) Non-alcoholic cirrhosis associated with neuropsychological dysfunction in the absence of overt evidence of hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 86:1421\u20131427","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36365","volume":"6","author":"R Corbalan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Corbalan R, Chaturet N, Behrends S et al (2002) Region selective alternation of soluble guanylate cyclase content and modulation in brain of cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 6:1155\u20131162","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00306-1","volume":"153","author":"JM Mates","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mates JM (2000) Effects of antioxidant enzymes in the molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology. Toxicology 153:83\u2013104","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"9422_CR18","unstructured":"Magistretti PJ (2003) Brain energy metabolism. In: Fundamental neuroscience, 2nd edn. Elsevier Science, New York, pp339\u2013360"},{"key":"9422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049478","volume":"552","author":"JF Tureen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tureen JF (2003) Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol 552:335\u2013344","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"9422_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00173-2","volume":"27","author":"RB Flohe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Flohe RB (1999) Tissue-specific function of individual glutathione peroxidases. Free Radical Biol Med 27:951\u2013965","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"9422_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64031216.x","volume":"64","author":"W Gsell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gsell W, Conrad R, Hickethier M et al (1995) Decreased catalase activity but unchanged superoxide dismutase activity in brain of patients of Alzheimer type. J Neurochem 64:1216\u20131233","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9422_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9070-6","volume":"31","author":"BN Frey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frey BN, Valvassori SS, Reus GS et al (2006) Changes in antioxidant defense enzymes after d-amphetamine exposure: implications as an animal model of mania. Neurochem Res 31:699\u2013703","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9422_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9065-3","volume":"31","author":"JJ Furtunato","year":"2006","unstructured":"Furtunato JJ, Feier G, Vitali AM (2006) Malathione-induced oxidative stress in rat brain regions. Neurochem Res 31:671\u2013678","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9422_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03159907","volume":"13","author":"W Hilgier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hilgier W, Albrecht J, Lisy V et al (1990) The effect of acute and chronic hyperammonemia on y-glutamyl transpeptidase in various brain regions of young and adult rats. Mol Chem Neuropathol 13:47\u201356","journal-title":"Mol Chem Neuropathol"},{"key":"9422_CR25","first-page":"159","volume":"12","author":"P Pandey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pandey P, Singh SK, Trigun SK (2005) Developing brain of moderately hypothyroid mice shows adaptive changes in the key enzymes of glucose metabolism. Neurol Psych Brain Res 12:159\u2013164","journal-title":"Neurol Psych Brain Res"},{"key":"9422_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","volume":"193","author":"OH Lowry","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL et al (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265\u2013275","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9422_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90167-9","volume":"16","author":"ZA Placer","year":"1966","unstructured":"Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC (1966) Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal Biochem 16: 359\u2013364","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9422_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","volume":"25","author":"J Sedlak","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sedlak J, Raymond HL (1968) Estimation of total thiol, protein bound, and non protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman\u2019s reagent. Anal Biochem 25:192\u2013205","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9422_CR29","first-page":"130","volume":"21","author":"P Kakkar","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN (1984) A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase ( SOD). Ind J Biochem Biophys 21:130\u2013132","journal-title":"Ind J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"9422_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(72)90132-7","volume":"47","author":"KA Sinha","year":"1972","unstructured":"Sinha KA (1972) Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 47:389\u2013394","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9422_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/0401_119128","volume":"4","author":"SK Trigun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trigun SK, Singh AP, Asthana RK et al (2006) Assessment of bioactivity of a Fischerella species colonizing Azadirachta Indica (neem) Bark. Appl Ecol Environ Res 4:119\u2013128","journal-title":"Appl Ecol Environ Res"},{"key":"9422_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","volume":"44","author":"C Beauchamp","year":"1971","unstructured":"Beauchamp C, Fridovich I (1971) Superoxide dismutase:improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 44:276\u2013287","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9422_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3109\/10715768809066913","volume":"5","author":"Y Sun","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sun Y, Elwell JH, Oberley LW (1988) A simultaneous visualization of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase on polyacrylamide gels. Free Radical Res Commun 5:67\u201375","journal-title":"Free Radical Res Commun"},{"key":"9422_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2683(200202)23:4<513::AID-ELPS513>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"23","author":"CL Lin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lin CL, Chen HJ, Hou WC (2002) Activity staining of glutathione peroxidase after electrophoresis on native and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis 23:513\u2013516","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"9422_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41206-4","volume":"250","author":"I Carlberg","year":"1975","unstructured":"Carlberg I, Mannervik B (1975) Purification and characterization of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from rat liver. J Biol Chem 250:5475\u20135480","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9422_CR36","unstructured":"Wang H (2000) Over expression of L-PhGPx in MCF-7 cells. In: The role of mitochondrial phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxide in cancer therapy. Ph.D. thesis. The University of Iowa, Iowa, pp16\u201356"},{"key":"9422_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67041584.x","volume":"67","author":"K Kanamori","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kanamori K, Ross BD, Chung JC et al (1996) Severity of hyperammonemic encephalopathy correlates with brain ammonia level and saturation of glutmine synthetase in vivo. J Neurochem 67:1584\u20131594","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9422_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MEBR.0000043980.74574.eb","volume":"19","author":"AH Lockwood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lockwood AH (2004) Blood ammonia levels and hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 19:345\u2013349","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9422_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(85)90010-4","volume":"8","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1985) Oxygen radicals and nervous system. Trends Neurosci 8:22\u201326","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"9422_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03035-X","volume":"981","author":"E Kosenko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kosenko E, Venediktova N, Kamanisky Y et al (2003) Sources of oxygen radical in brain in acute ammonia intoxication in vivo. Brain Res 981:193\u2013200","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9422_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20280","volume":"79","author":"R Dringen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dringen R, Pawlowski PG, Hirrlinger J (2005) Peroxide detoxification by brain cells. J Neurosci Res 79:157\u2013165","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9422_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04250","volume":"438","author":"I Hovatta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hovatta I, Tennant RS, Helton R et al (2005) Glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulate anxiety in mice. Nature 438:662\u2013666","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9422_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(00)00028-0","volume":"37","author":"RK Murthy Ch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murthy Ch RK, Bender AS, Dombro RS et al (2000) Elevation of glutathione level by ammonium ions in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Neurochem Int 37:255\u2013268","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"9422_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200118090-00004","volume":"18","author":"B Halliwell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Halliwell B (2001) Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drug Aging 18:685\u2013716","journal-title":"Drug Aging"},{"key":"9422_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-4541-5","volume":"62","author":"A Patenaude","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patenaude A, Murthy MR, Mirault ME (2005) Emerging roles of thioredoxin cycle enzymes in the central nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 62:1063\u20131080","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"9422_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01197-8","volume":"34","author":"H Imai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Imai H, Nakagawa Y (2003) Biological significance of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) in mammalian cells. Free Radical Biol Med 34:145\u2013169","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"9422_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1390043","volume":"139","author":"RC Bray","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bray RC, Cockel SA, Fielden EM et al (1974) Reduction and inactivation of superoxide dismutase by hydrogen peroxide. Biochem J 139:43\u201348","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9422_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38488-1","volume":"265","author":"DC Salo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Salo DC, Pacifici RE, Lin SW (1990) Superoxide dismutase undergoes proteolysis and fragmentation following oxidative modification and inactivation. J Biol Chem 265:11919\u201311927","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9422_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9255-z","volume":"32","author":"M Mokni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mokni M, Elkahoui S, Limam F et al (2007) Effect of resveratrol on antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain of healthy rat. Neurochem Res 32:981\u2013987","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9422_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.064","volume":"396","author":"AS Hazell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hazell AS, Normandin L, Norenberg MD et al (2006) Alzheimer type II astrocytic changes following sub-acute exposure to manganese and its prevention by antioxidant treatment. Neurosci Lett 396:167\u2013171","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"9422_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(02)00234-5","volume":"41","author":"A Takeda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takeda A (2003) Manganese action in brain function. Brain Res Rev 41:79\u201387","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"9422_CR52","first-page":"636","volume":"265","author":"B Maitre","year":"1993","unstructured":"Maitre B, Jornot L, Jonod AF (1993) Effects of inhibition of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity on antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels. Am J Physiol 265:636\u2013643","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Neurochemical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-007-9422-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-007-9422-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-007-9422-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T05:25:21Z","timestamp":1629523521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11064-007-9422-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["9422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-007-9422-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-3190","1573-6903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,4]]}}}