{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:27:24Z","timestamp":1768825644821,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03271-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T10:02:25Z","timestamp":1613901745000},"page":"1372-1379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Novel Pharmacological Protective Role for Safranal in an Animal Model of Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Fotoohi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Raman","family":"Moloudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saed","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kambiz","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7070-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Feligioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmael","family":"Izadpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70245-3","volume":"10","author":"CA Ross","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ross CA, Tabrizi SJ (2011) Huntington\u2019s disease: from molecular pathogenesis to clinical treatment. The Lancet Neurol 10:83\u201398","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3271_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.12.2103","volume":"3","author":"F Squitieri","year":"1994","unstructured":"Squitieri F, Andrew S, Goldberg Y, Kremer B, Spence N, Zelsler J, Nichol K, Theilmann J, Greenberg J, Goto J (1994) DNA haplotype analysis of Huntington disease reveals clues to the origins and mechanisms of CAG expansion and reasons for geographic variations of prevalence. Hum Mol Genet 3:2103\u20132114","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"3271_CR3","first-page":"1845","volume":"25","author":"J Burguera","year":"1997","unstructured":"Burguera J, Solis P, Salazar A (1997) Estimate of the prevalence of Huntington disease in the Valencia region using the capture-recapture method. Revista De neurologia 25:1845\u20131847","journal-title":"Revista De neurologia"},{"key":"3271_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12574","volume":"89","author":"F Squitieri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Squitieri F, Griguoli A, Capelli G, Porcellini A, D\u2019alessio B, (2016) Epidemiology of Huntington disease: first post-HTT gene analysis of prevalence in Italy. Clin Genet 89:367\u2013370","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"3271_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00005-2","volume":"59","author":"E Brouillet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brouillet E, Cond\u00e9 F, Beal M, Hantraye P (1999) Replicating Huntington\u2019s disease phenotype in experimental animals. Prog Neurobiol 59:427\u2013468","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"3271_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.48.4.356","volume":"48","author":"S Ramaswamy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramaswamy S, McBride JL, Kordower JH (2007) Animal models of Huntington\u2019s disease. ILAR J 48:356\u2013373","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"3271_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2007.0631","volume":"26","author":"H Hosseinzadeh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR (2007) Effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (Saffron), on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)\u2013induced DNA damage in mouse organs: an alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. DNA Cell Biol 26:841\u2013846","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"3271_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2012.03.022","volume":"83","author":"B Amin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H (2012) Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Fitoterapia 83:888\u2013895","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"3271_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.01.007","volume":"219","author":"MA Papandreou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Papandreou MA, Tsachaki M, Efthimiopoulos S, Cordopatis P, Lamari FN, Margarity M (2011) Memory enhancing effects of saffron in aged mice are correlated with antioxidant protection. Behav Brain Res 219:197\u2013204","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3271_CR10","first-page":"73","volume":"16","author":"HR Sadeghnia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadeghnia HR, Kamkar M, Assadpour E, Boroushaki MT, Ghorbani A (2013) Protective effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus, on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus. Iranian J Basic Med Sci 16:73","journal-title":"Iranian J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"3271_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00334.x","volume":"18","author":"Z Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Z, Xu XH, Liu TY, Hong ZY, Urade Y, Huang ZL, Qu WM (2012) Safranal enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep in pentobarbital-treated mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 18:623\u2013630","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"3271_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2016.62.14.2","volume":"62","author":"P Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan P, Qiao L, Wen X (2016) Safranal prevents rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in an in vitro model of Parkinson\u2019s disease through regulating Keap1\/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 62:11\u201317","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"3271_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2017.70485","volume":"55","author":"HR Sadeghnia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sadeghnia HR, Shaterzadeh H, Forouzanfar F, Hosseinzadeh H (2017) Neuroprotective effect of safranal, an active ingredient of Crocus sativus, in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia. Folia Neuropathol 55:206\u2013213","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"3271_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2015.03.007","volume":"47","author":"C Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang C, Ma J, Fan L, Zou Y, Dang X, Wang K, Song J (2015) Neuroprotective effects of safranal in a rat model of traumatic injury to the spinal cord by anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and edema-attenuating. Tissue Cell 47:291\u2013300","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"3271_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2005.07.008","volume":"76","author":"H Hosseinzadeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh H, Talebzadeh F (2005) Anticonvulsant evaluation of safranal and crocin from Crocus sativus in mice. Fitoterapia 76:722\u2013724","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"3271_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.013","volume":"33","author":"P Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar P, Kumar A (2009) Possible role of sertraline against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:100\u2013108","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3271_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.08.004","volume":"2","author":"N Kaur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaur N, Jamwal S, Deshmukh R, Gauttam V, Kumar P (2015) Beneficial effect of rice bran extract against 3-nitropropionic acid induced experimental Huntington\u2019s disease in rats. Toxicology reports 2:1222\u20131232","journal-title":"Toxicology reports"},{"key":"3271_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200609000-00014","volume":"17","author":"P Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar P, Padi SSV, Naidu PS, Kumar A (2006) Effect of resveratrol on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced biochemical and behavioural changes: possible neuroprotective mechanisms. Behav Pharmacol 17:485\u2013492","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"3271_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1285945","volume":"55","author":"J Malik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malik J, Karan M, Dogra R (2017) Ameliorating effect of Celastrus paniculatus standardized extract and its fractions on 3-nitropropionic acid induced neuronal damage in rats: possible antioxidant mechanism. Pharmaceutical biology 55:980\u2013990","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical biology"},{"key":"3271_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.08.065","volume":"659","author":"S Samarghandian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samarghandian S, Samini F, Azimi-Nezhad M, Farkhondeh T (2017) Anti-oxidative effects of safranal on immobilization-induced oxidative damage in rat brain. Neurosci Lett 659:26\u201332","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"3271_CR21","first-page":"435","volume":"650","author":"H Hosseinzadeh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G, Niapoor M (2003) Antidepressant effect of Crocus sativus L. stigma extracts and their constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice. Int Symp Saff Biol Biotechnol 650:435\u2013445","journal-title":"Int Symp Saff Biol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3271_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2016.1228659","volume":"45","author":"N Ahmad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Abbas Naqvi A, Ashafaq M, Alam MA, Ahmad FJ, Al-Ghamdi MS (2017) The effect of safranal loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion on oxidative stress markers in cerebral ischemia. Artificial Cells, Nanomed, Biotechnol 45:775\u2013787","journal-title":"Artificial Cells, Nanomed, Biotechnol"},{"key":"3271_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2732","volume":"45","author":"RP Mason","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mason RP, Casu M, Butler N, Breda C, Campesan S, Clapp J, Green EW, Dhulkhed D, Kyriacou CP, Giorgini F (2013) Glutathione peroxidase activity is neuroprotective in models of Huntington\u2019s disease. Nat Genet 45:1249","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3271_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9110-2","volume":"31","author":"P del Hoyo","year":"2006","unstructured":"del Hoyo P, Garc\u00eda-Redondo A, de Bustos F, Molina JA, Sayed Y, Alonso-Navarro H, Caballero L, Arenas J, Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez FJ (2006) Oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts cultures of patients with Huntington\u2019s disease. Neurochem Res 31:1103\u20131109","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3271_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.14-0027","volume":"64","author":"S Samarghandian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Samini F (2015) Preventive effect of safranal against oxidative damage in aged male rat brain. Exp Anim 64:65\u201371","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"3271_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2011.558103","volume":"49","author":"Z Hooshmandi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hooshmandi Z, Rohani AH, Eidi A, Fatahi Z, Golmanesh L, Sahraei H (2011) Reduction of metabolic and behavioral signs of acute stress in male Wistar rats by saffron water extract and its constituent safranal. Pharmaceut Biol 49:947\u2013954","journal-title":"Pharmaceut Biol"}],"container-title":["Neurochemical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03271-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03271-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03271-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T05:20:15Z","timestamp":1619673615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03271-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03271-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-3190","1573-6903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}